Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012)....
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Transcript of Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012)....
Fitness Changes During Adolescence
© Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
17-2
Although Differences Exist Between Genders As Well As Within
Genders on Measures of Health-related and Performance Related
Fitness, Adolescent Males and Females Have the Potential to
Make Significant Improvements Through Regular Participation in
Physical Activity.
17-3
Components: (aerobic endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, joint flexibility, body composition)
Assessment difficulties- sampling issues- reliability issues- validity (lab vs. field)
17-4
Measures (Lab: max VO2; Field: 1mile walk/jog)
Females & males improve at near parallel rates
Males faster than females at all ages Males show rapid yearly
improvements until late adolescence Females improve at a less rapid rate
than males Females plateau and regress from
mid adolescence on
17-5
Measures (Lab: dynamometers, tensiometers; Field: modified sit-ups, abdominal crunch, push-ups, pull-ups, chin-ups)
Females improve at less rapid rate than males
Females tend to plateau during mid adolescence
Males show slow gains prior to puberty, rapid gains after
17-6
Measures: (Lab: goniometer; Field: sit-and-reach)
Females outperform males at all ages
Females make yearly incremental improvements until late adolescence
Males regress during early adolescence followed by rapid improvement
17-7
Measures (Lab: Under water weighing, electrical impedance; Field: BMI, Skinfold calipers)
Females have higher % body fat than males at all ages
Females % body fat increase rapidly during late childhood and early/mid adolescence with plateau in late adolescence (the female triad)
17-8
Males increase in % body fat during late childhood and preadolescent period
Males decrease in % body fat during early adolescence and maintain low fat levels throughout adolescence
17-9
Components (speed, power, agility, balance, coordination)
Genetically dependent Resistant to major environmental
change Relatively stable Related to skillful sport performance
17-10
Measures (Lab: Reaction time; Field: 50-100 meter sprints)
Boys & Girls similar throughout childhood
Males outperform females at all ages
17-11
Males make more rapid improvement after puberty than females
Males make significant annual gains throughout childhood and adolescence
Females tend to plateau during mid-adolescence
17-12
Measures (Lab: Force Plate; Field: stick balance, one foot balances, beam walk)
Static: Males/females make significant qualitative & quantitative gains throughout childhood and adolescence
Dynamic: Females/males improve throughout childhood and adolescence
Dynamic: Males make rapid improvements after puberty
17-13
Static/Dynamic: Females tend to outperform males during childhood
Static/Dynamic: Females & males are similar during adolescence with no clear advantage to either
17-14
Measures (Lab: dynamometers; Field: vertical jump, distance jump & throw)
Boys & girls similar throughout childhood Males significantly outperform females
during and after puberty Males make significant annual
increments throughout adolescence Females begin to plateau during early
adolescence & regress by mid-adolescence
17-15
A Variety Of Laboratory And Field Based Measures Have Been
Devised That Attempt To Assess Elements Of Both Health-related And Performance-related Fitness