Fitness and Health CHP200:Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor.
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Transcript of Fitness and Health CHP200:Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor.
Fitness and Health
CHP200:Community Health Program-l
Mohamed M. B. Alnoor
CONTENT DEFINITIONS
Components of physical fitness:• Physiological aspects of physical
fitness
• Health related aspects of physical fitness
• Skill related aspects of physical fitness
• Sports
FitnessThe state of being physically active
on regular basis to maintain good physical condition.
Physical fitness A general state of good health,
usually as a result of
exercise and nutrition
Fitness and HealthDEFINITIONS
comprises two related concepts: • general fitness (a state of health and
well-being) • specific fitness (a task-oriented definition
based on the ability to perform specific aspects of sports or occupations).
Fitness and HealthDEFINITIONS
Physical fitness
is generally achieved through:• exercise• correct nutrition • enough rest.
Fitness and HealthDEFINITIONS
Physical fitness
is considered a measure of the body’s ability :• to function efficiently and effectively in
work and leisure activities.• to be healthy• to resist hypokinetic diseases• to meet emergency situations.
Fitness and HealthDEFINITIONS
Physical fitness
Components of physical fitness
Health related
Skill related
Refers to the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to the skeletal muscles during sustained physical activity.
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Health related aspect of physical fitness
Components of physical fitness
Cardiorespiratory fitness is achieved by regular exercise
Regular exercise • enlarges the heart muscle, increasing stroke volume• increases the number of small arteries in
skeletal muscles, supplying more blood to working muscles.
• increases the amount of oxygen that is inhaled and distributed to body tissues
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Health related aspect of physical fitness
Components of physical fitness
sometimes referred to as Aerobic fitness.
Benefits: improving stamina, longer endurance, increase in energy, better sleep,
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Health related aspect of physical fitness
Components of physical fitness
For an average person, cardiorespiratory exercise is
recommended at least ONCE every week for a healthier body and a
stronger build
• heart disease, • lung cancer, • type 2 diabetes,• stroke
It can reduce the risk of:
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Health related aspect of physical fitness
Components of physical fitness
• Maximum range of motion at a joint• Joint specific: better range of motion in some joints than in others.• Can prevent muscle injuries and improve low-back pain
Health related aspect of physical fitness
Components of physical fitness
Flexibility
• Loss of flexibility can be a predisposing factor for
-pain syndromes -balance disorders
• Decreased flexibility can be caused by: -Sedentary lifestyle (lack of use of muscles) -Age -High amounts of body fat -Stress
Health related aspect of physical fitness
Components of physical fitness
Flexibility
• Can be improved by static stretching:Slowly moving into a stretching position and holding for a certainperiod of time (10-30 secs.; 5 times).-Contract-relax technique• Relaxing of the muscle to be stretched b
Flexibility
Health related aspect of physical fitness
Components of physical fitness
اإلحتمال على قدرة Muscularاحتمال،Endurance
• Endurance(also called sufferance): is the ability of an animal to exert itself for a long period.
'long' can be: -minutes in high intensity anaerobic exercise, -hours or days for in low intensity aerobic exercise.
Health related aspect of physical fitness
Components of physical fitness
Components of physical fitness
Muscular Endurance
Health related aspect of physical fitness
Glucose + oxygen = CO2 +H2O +energy
• Initially during aerobic exercise:
Absence of CHO fat metabolism - slow process- decline in performance level.
• Used in both aerobic and anaerobic exercise
• Anaerobic exercise refers to:
- the initial phase of exercise
- any short burst of intense exertion
Components of physical fitness
Muscular Endurance
Health related aspect of physical fitness
sugar is respired without oxygen
Training for endurance can have a negative impact
on the ability to exert strength
Components of physical fitness
Muscular Endurance
Health related aspect of physical fitness
WARNING
Unless the individual also undertakes
resistance training to counteract this effect.
• Strength training is the use of resistance
to muscular contraction:
- in anaerobic endurance
- to build strength
- to increase the size of skeletal muscles.
Muscle strength
Components of physical fitnessHealth related
aspect of physical fitness
Muscle strength
Components of physical fitnessHealth related
aspect of physical fitness
Strength training: is achieved by opposing muscle contraction
using:
- gravity, or
- elastic/hydraulic forces
Strength training provides benefits in the overall health and well-being, including:
• increased bone, muscle, tendon and
ligament strength and toughness• increased bone density• improved joint function• reduced potential for injury
Components of physical fitness
Muscle strength
Health related aspect of physical fitness
• temporary increase in metabolism• improved cardiac function• elevated HDL (good) cholesterol
Components of physical fitness
Muscle strength
Health related aspect of physical fitness
Strength training provides benefits in the overall health and well-being, including:
, حركة خفة رشاقةAgility
Components of physical fitnessSkill related
aspect of physical fitness
Agility is the ability to change the body's position efficiently .
“a rapid whole body movement with change of velocity
and/or direction in response to a stimulus. ”
, حركة خفة رشاقةAgility
Components of physical fitnessSkill related
aspect of physical fitness
It requires integration of isolated movement skills .
It is a combination of:• balance• Speed• Coordination• Reflexes• Strength• endurance and stamina
Balance : helps prevent
humans and animals from falling over, when
walking or standing still.
Skill related aspect of physical fitness
Balanceتوازن
Components of physical fitness
• Balance can be:
Skill related aspect of physical fitness
Balance
Components of physical fitness
• static – for example, standing on one leg.
• dynamic – for example, keeping balance on a bike as it goes round a corner.
Skill related aspect of physical fitness ,تسوية تناسقCoordination
Components of physical fitness
• Motor coordination is a combination of body movements that result in intended actions. • Such movements usually smoothly and efficiently work together.
Motor coordination can occur between: - subsequent parts of the same movement
- movements of several limbs.
Skill related aspect of physical fitnessCoordination
Components of physical fitness
Coordination allows complex actions from a number of smaller movements. For example: an effective tennis stroke requires coordinating footwork and arm action.
power = strength × speed
Skill related aspect of physical fitness , طاقة, القوة مقدرة
Power
Components of physical fitness
• Power is a combination of strength and speed – it is the ability to do
strength performances quickly.
• Power is vital in getting a good start in short races.
Skill related aspect of physical fitnessSpeed
Components of physical fitness
Speed is the ability to perform a movement or cover a distance in a short period of time. People with leg speed can run fast, People with good arm speed can
• throw fast• hit a ball that is thrown fast.
Reaction time is the amount of time it takes to move once you realize the need to act.
Skill related aspect of physical fitnessReaction Time
Components of physical fitness
People with good reaction time are able to make - fast starts in track or swimming, - dodge a fast attack in fencing or karate