Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration

How GIS technology can support

Carsten Bjornsson, cbjornsson@esri.com

MASTERCLASS 5, FEBRUARY 25th, 2021

Land registration and fit-for-purpose land administration

FIT-FOR-PURPOSE DECLARATION

• Flexibility in spatial data capture approaches to provide for varying use

and occupation.

• Inclusive in scope to cover all tenure and all land.

• Participatory in approach to data capture and use to ensure community

support.

• Affordable for the government to establish and operate, and for society

to use.

• Reliable in terms of information that is authoritative and up-to-date.

• Attainable in relation to establishing the system within a short

timeframe and within available resources.

• Upgradeable with regard to incremental upgrading and improvement

over time in response to social and legal needs and emerging

economic opportunities. The World Bank and the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) 2014

FLEXIBILITY WITH DATA CAPTURE

DATA MODEL

(LADM-profile)

LIDAR

SURVEY MAPS

CAD FILES

IMAGERY

PHYSICAL MAPS

TEXTUAL DESCRIPTIONS

FEATURE –

EXTRACTION

DIGITIZATION

FIELD COLLECTION SURVEY DATA

ATTRIBUTE DATA

IMAGERY

MOVIES

DATA IMPORT

GIS DATA

Imagery

Lidar

3DVector

Tabular

Real-Time (IoT)

Big DataUnstructured

CAD / BIM

DATA ENTRY

SCANNING

INCLUSIVE IN SCOPE FOR ALL LAND TENURE

Informal

Land

Right

Formal

Land

Right

Coordinates

Verbal

agreement

Signed

agreement

Location

Notarized

agreementRecord

Land

description

Boundary

map

Developing nations Developed nationsLAND REGISTRY

CADASTER

ADDRESS (Identifier – Location)

Place

Name

Landmark

Coordinate

DGGS

Street

Address

Land Description

Property

Description

Islands – Polygon Topology – Measurement Network

Occupation

PARTICIPATORY – MAKUENI COUNTY KENYA - FFP

1

23

4

PARTICIPATORY – COLUMBIA - FFP

Link

PARTICIPATORY – FORMAL SURVEY - FFP

RELIABLE AND AUTHORITATIVE

POLICIES

STANDARDS & GUIDELINES

DATA MODEL WORKFLOW PROCESSES

USERS WORKFLOWS

AuthenticationAuthorization

ACCESS ASSIGNMENTROLES MONITOR

DATA & RULES

VERIFICATION PUBLICATION

Logging/Auditing

Reporting

PROTECTION

Fire WallsDRS

Workflow Steps

Data

Areas

Access

Encryption

Applications

Geometries & Attributes

ViewerEditor

Field

WorkerReviewer

ApproverServices

Field

Office

UPGRADABLE

</>

Desktop Server Enterprise/Online System of Systems (Web)

• Open API’s

• Open data / formats

• Industry standards

• Well documented

• Robust

• Supported

• Maintainable

• Scalable – Horizontal / Vertical

• Configurable

• User community

AFFORDABLE: THINK CAPEX - THINK OPEX

CAPEX (SEED) OPEX (REVENUE)

• Registration

• Ownership

Change

• Property

Change

• Interest Change

• Management

• Adjudication

• …...

Land Tenure

• Land Tax

• Property Tax

• Interest Tax

• Betterment Tax

• ……

Valuation

• Permit Fee’s

• Inspection Fee’s

• ……

Land Use

• Permit Fee’s

• Inspection Fee’s

• ……

Land

Development

• Transaction

Fee’s

• Leasing Fee’s

Land Market

Lan

d I

nfo

rma

tio

n P

rod

ucts

an

d S

erv

ices

Attorneys

Adjudicators

Notaries

Surveyors

Mortgage

…….Banks

Realtors

Developers

Escrows

Insurances

Government

• Government funding

• In house funding

• Loan

• Donation

• Discounts

• PPP

• Crowd funding

• …..

• Project cost

• Salaries

• Infrastructure

• Reorganization

• HW/SW

• Data capture

• Data production

• Training

AFFORDABLE – THE REVENUE CYCLE

Land is just sitting

there

Owner gets paid

Land gets

registered

Land gets

sold

Land gets

valuated

InaccessibleCapital

Land gets

taxedOwner gets

paid

Government gets

revenue

Government

investsArea develops

Owner gets

loan

Owner builds

on land

Owner

improves land

Owner

generates

revenue on

land

Land gets sold

Owner buys

more land

ATTAINABLE

Foundation Apps

Essential Information Products

Basic Workflows

“GIS Ready” Data

I. Initial Operating Capability

Hardware, Software

& Services infrastructure

Data Models

1

2

3Expansion

Content Production Systems

Data Modernization

Advanced Workflows

Integration with

Business Systems

Custom Apps4

5

6

II. Integrated Enterprise System

Portal

Apps

DesktopAPIs

Public / Private Cloud

On-Premise

Infrastructure

as a Service

Software

as a Service

Platform

as a Service

Villages Nations

ATTAINABLE

Data Ingestion

Field Work

AnalysisData Editing

Dissemination

Administration

Industry Models

GeoCoding

Orthophoto

Creation

Parcel Management

Valuation Modeling

Field DataCapture

Location TrackingNavigation

Data Processing Object

Detection

Training

DTM

Generation

CAD

Aerial imagery

BIM

Data Validation

Local Government

Information Model (+)

ISO 19160 Address

Parcel Data

Model

Land administration

Domain Model

Workflow Management (Office)

Workforce Management (Field)

Lidar

Web

Application

Web sharing

Web Maps

Vacancy

analysis

GeoSpatial Infrastructure

Web Analysis

ATTAINABLE (IGIF)

• Policy definitions

• Cadastre / Land Registration

• Spatial data infrastructure

• ICT

• Standards and guidelines

• Cadastre / Land Registration

• Spatial data infrastructure

• ICT including Security

• Organization

• Cadastre / Land Registration Workflows

• Roles and responsibilities

• Skill sets

• Technology - Platform

• Build

• Identify requirements

• Develop design

• System architecture

• Workflows

• Data model

• Services

• Deploy hardware and software infrastructure

• Configure, enable and customize

• Test and verify

• Deploy to operations

• Operations and Maintenance

• Expand the system

• Data

• Physical data scheme

• Data Loading

• Data capture

• Data conversion and migration

• Communication

• Outreach

• Marketing

• Training

• Funding

• CAPEX

• OPEX

IN SUMMARY

• GIS technology today is:

• Flexible as it supports multiple data streams

• Inclusive as data models can support tenure and all land areas

• Participatory as data capture and content is transparent.

• Affordable (short-medium-log term) when adapted to the

circumstances

• Reliable as it can ensure authoritative and up-to-date data

• Attainable as many GIS systems are configurable

• Upgradeable by being build on Service Oriented Architecture

supporting villages to nations – on premise or in the cloud

THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION!