Fist aid
Transcript of Fist aid
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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE ECUADORIAN RED CROSS
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Ecuadorian Red Cross
CONCEPT
QUALIFIED MEDICAL
ACCIDENT
DISEACE/CRISIS
BASIC FIRST AID
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Ecuadorian Red CrossIS FIRST AID IMPORTANT ?IS FIRST AID IMPORTANT ?
SAVING LIVES AVOID AGGRAVATE INJURIES
PROMOTE THEIR RECOVERY
¿…?
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Ecuadorian Red CrossHUMAN BODY
Dorsal Decubitus
Prone or Supine Position
Lateral Decubitus
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5IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
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Ecuadorian Red CrossBODY
CAVITIESBODY
CAVITIESCAVITIES CONTENT
Cranial
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Espinal
Cerebum, Cerebellum, medulla oblongata, Pons, meninges and cerebrospinal fluidHeart, Respiratory System (trachea, Bronchy, Longs and Great Vessels.
Gastrointestinal tract, liver, Spleen, Pancreas, Urinary, reproductive organs
Genital organs, uterus, ovaries, ureters, bladder
Medulla
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Ecuadorian Red CrossEMERGENCY ACTION STEPS
IS VERY IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN CONTROL AND KEEP CALM
AREA RECOGNITION VICTIM
RECOGNITION
S E M
VICTIM 2ndRECOGNITION
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Ecuadorian Red Cross
IS THIS AREA SAFE
¿WHAT HAPPENED?
AREA RECOGNITION
INJURED PEOPLE
IS THERE ANY PEOPLE WHO CAN HELP
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BB
Ecuadorian Red CrossVICTIM RECOGNITION
CONCISENESSCONCISENESS
YES
NO
REQUEST PERMIT
PERMIT GRANTED
CCAA
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Ecuadorian Red CrossTO CALL S.E.M.TO CALL S.E.M.
INSTITUTIONS QUEVEDO QUITO GYE
CRUZ ROJA 1-3-1 1-3-1 1-3-1
CENTRO EMERGENCIA 9-1-1 9-1-1
POLICIA NACIONAL 1-0-1 1-0-1 1-0-1
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Ecuadorian Red CrossRECONOCIMIENTO SECUNDARIO
INTERVIEW
• VICTIM• FAMILY• PEOPLE AROUND THE AREA
A… ALLERGIES
M… MEDICAMENTS
P… PATHOLOGIES
L… LAST MEAL ( INGESTA )
E… ANTECEDENTS
VITAL SIGNS VALUES SISTEMATIC EXAM
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Ecuadorian Red CrossBIOSECURTY EQUIPMENT
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Ecuadorian Red CrossVITAL SIGNS
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RESPIRACION
ADULT: 12 – 20 R/MCHILDREN: 20 – 30 R/MNEONATE: 30 – 40 R/M
VARIATION CAUSESEXERCISEPatological diseaseStressThoracic TraumaPenetraiting wounds (Thorax)Respiratory RelaxationThermal IncrementFeeding
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PULSO
ADULT: 60 – 100 P/MCHILDREN: 100 – 120 P/MNEONATE: 120 – 140 P/M
PULSE VARIATIONSTRESS
physical Exercise Eating
Pathology Bleedings
PCRHypothermia
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TEMPERATURE36.5 – 37.5° C
NORMAL VALUE
TIPES OF THERMOMETERS
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BLOOD PRESSURE TA
SYSTOLIC: 140 – 100 mm Hg.DIASTOLIC: 90 – 60 mm Hg.
MERCURY INDICATOR GAUGE
AIR PUMPING DEVICE
STETHOSCOPE
ARM CUFF
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Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
• Smoke or gas saturated ambient
• Liquid Immersion
• Debris in Landslides
• Thorax Injuries
• Burns
• Electrocutions
• Poisons
• OVACE
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Shock
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Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
AA
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Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
BB
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Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
CC
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Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 22IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
DD
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Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 23IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
CHILDREN AND NEONATES
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Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 24IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIO-RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
OVACE
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25IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
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26IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
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Ecuadorian Red Cross
Place 2 or 3 fingers just below the nipple line on the baby's breastbone and give 5 quick chest thrusts (same position as chest compressions in CPR for a baby
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Ecuadorian Red Cross
CLEAR AIRWAY MANUALLY
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Ecuadorian Red CrossEXTERNAL AND INTERNALEXTERNAL:StabbingINCISORSABRASIVESHARP WOUNDSAVULSEDAMPUTATIONProtrude EYEVICERATIONINJURY BY FIREARMS
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Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 30IST CRE
Hemorrhage
FEATURESCOLOR: Clear Read
Outflow: Bubbling
FEATURESCOLOR: Dark Red
Outflow: Continuous
FEATURESLittle bleeding
bright Red Flesh Wound
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Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 31IST CRE
Abrasive Wounds
PUNCTATE BLEEDINGPAINFULEASILY INFECTQUICK CURE (SMALL)LONG HEALING (LARGE)ASEPCIA AND ANTISEPCIASOAP AND WATERANTISEPTIC
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STABBING WOUNDMAJOR BLEEDINGDeformed OF THE WOUNDEDGE IRREGULAR OBJECTSS.S.S.
TREATMENT: Proceed to stop bleeding. Shock Treatment Transport to a hospital
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INCISED WOUNDSSIGNS AND SYMPTOMSS.S.S. (If there is a large bleeding)WeaknessLocal painTREATMENT:Treating ShockAsepticApproaching ButterlfySteps to stop haemorrhageTravel Health Centre.
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STABBING WOUNDSSIGNS AND SYMPTOMSWounds generally circular (in the case of blowing thorax )Bleeding.S.S.S.
TREATMENTInmovilize the object (thread, dressings)Treating ShockTransfer to the nearest health center
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35IST CRE
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AVULSIONS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSWounds and bleedingLocal paindeformityTREATMENTTreating ShockSteps to control bleeding.Relocation Assistance Centre
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AMPUTATION
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSS.S.S.Despair.Disembodied limbSevere painTREATMENTTreating ShockPerform a compression bandageControl of bleedingProceedings of the limbDisembodied
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SHOCK
CAUSE
CIRCULATION DISORDER
Reduced irrigationBlood tissue(Deficit on percussion)
Alteration of vital signs
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CLASIFICACION
HYPOVOLEMICSHOCK
DISTRIBUTIVESHOCK
CARDIOGENICSHOCK
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSPale skin
Cold, clammy perspirationLow temperature
Rapid pulseDevil and shallow breathing
SleepinessThirstDecay
TREATMENTTry to eliminate the cause
OF THE SHOCKCover but not heat the patient
Vital Signs MonitoringTransportation.
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BURNS
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1st Degree Burn
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSRednessLocal HeatBurningSwellingTREATMENTSoak zoneDo not use toothpaste, butter
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2nd Degree BurnSIGNS AND SYMPTOMSrednessPainBullae (blisters)Signs and symptoms of ShockTREATMENTDo not punch blistersSoak the burned areaMake a bandageGentle Cleandry
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44IST CRE
3rd Degree Burn
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WALLACE SCALE
PORCENTAGE 100%1 – 10% LOW
11 – 33% SEVERE34 – 60 VERY SERIOUS
> 60% MORTAL
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Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 46IST CRE
CHEMICAL BURNS
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HYPOTHERMIAHot, dry skin is a typical sign of hyperthermia
The skin may become red and hot as blood vessels dilate in an attempt to increase heat
dissipation, sometimes leading to swollen lips. An inability to cool the body through
perspiration causes the skin to feel dry.The dehydration associated with heat stroke can
produce nausea vomiting, headaches and low blood pressure.
Tachycardia and Tachipnea(
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INTOXICATION
WAYS OF TOXIC ENTRY: Oral or Digestive Respiratory Cutáneous (Skin and Mucosa)
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Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 49IST CRE
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Weakness
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Breathing Difficulty
Cyanosis
Burns in the mouth and throat
Altered consciousness.
Seizures
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Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR)50
IST CRE
First Aid
Identify the type of poison
General treatment
Decontamination
Treatment asymptomatic.
Specific antidote.
Activated charcoal, 50 g. in 300 cc. Water in adults. Weight 1 g / kg orally.
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DIGESTIVE DECONTAMINATION
Induce vomiting, administer albuminous water (1 lt. In water + 6 egg whites).
Do not induce vomiting in:
Strong acids
Strong alkalis
Petroleum
Burns in the mouth and throat
Unconsciousness
seizures
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RESPIRATORY AND SKIN DECONTAMINATION-Ventilate the area
-Wash the site of contact with soap and water
-Remove clothing and place in plastic bag
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Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 53IST CRE
SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT
Manage airway
Clean discharge.
Treat shock
Try breathing difficulty.
Treat seizures.
DO NOT allow them to sleep
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Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 54IST CRE
Specific Antidote
TOXIC ANTIDOTE
Methyl Alcohol Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Alcohol TiaminWalfarin (rat poison) K Vitamin Organophosphorus AtropinSnake Bites Antivenom
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PRECAUCIONES:
NO utilice agua si el toxico es fósforo blanco (diablillos)
NO utilice leche si el toxico es DDT u otro derivado clorado.
NO utilice carbón activado si el toxico es un acido fuerte, álcali fuerte o derivado del petróleo, ejem. Sosa cáustica, potasa cáustica, gasolina, etc.
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Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 56IST CRE
DEHYDRATION AND DIARRHEAL DISEASES
They are produced by the introduction through the mouth (usually food) from germs in the stool. The are the cause of diarrhea because of the lack of hygiene and clean drinking water
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SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Irritability
Liquid and more frequent stools than usual.
Thirst
Sunken eyes
Crying without tears.
Dry lips and oral mucosa.
Vomiting.
Fold mark
Signs and symptoms of Shock
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58IST CRE
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TREATMENT
Hydrate
Use rehydration salts
1 liter of boiled water and cold
8 teaspoons sugar
1 teaspoon salt
A pinch of baking sodaFrom 2-3 kg of weight - 1 cup (200 cc) in 4 to 6 hoursFrom 4-5 kg of weight - 2 cups (400 ml) in 4 to 6 hoursFrom 6-7 kg of weight - three cups (600 cc) of 4 to 6 hours
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60IST CRE
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIESHEAT EXHAUSTION
Cold, clammy pale skin.
Profuse sweating
Headache
Dehydration
Muscle cramps
Nausea
Shock
vomiting
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HEAT STROKE
Hot red and dry skin
Elevated temperature (> 40 º C)
No sweat (anhidrosis
Pupils contracted
Headache
Dehydration
Muscle cramps
Disturbance of consciousness
Shock
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TRAUMA
Polytrauma
Coexistence of two or more injuries caused by the same accident and have at least one life-threatening condition
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TEC- Craneo-Encephalic TRAUMA
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Head or neck pain
Otorraquia or otorrhagia
Rinorraquía or rinorragía
Cervical collar do not immobilizes it only limites the movement of the spine
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64IST CRE
OSTEOARTICULAR INJUERIES
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SPRAIN AND DISLOCATION
SPRAIN DISLOCATION
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66IST CRE
OSTEOMUSCULAR BANDAJE
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BITES
WITHIN THIS GROUP IS:
Dogs
Cats
Horses.
Monkey
Man
It can transmit rabies.