FISO Telecon 21 October 2015 Michael Roberts...
Transcript of FISO Telecon 21 October 2015 Michael Roberts...
ENABLING RESEARCH ON THE ISS NATIONAL LAB FOR THE BENEFIT OF EARTH Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS)
MICHAEL ROBERTS, PHD • SENIOR RESEARCH SCIENTIST [email protected]
FISO Telecon 21 October 2015
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ISS NATIONAL LAB CONCEPT
The Shuttle is conceived to build an “orbiting station”
The vision for the station takes shape: discovery science, interdisciplinary cooperation in R&D, commercial / industrial use
1960s
1980s-early ‘90s
NASA HQ lays groundwork for NGO management of station utilization
1997
Pres. Clinton announces plan for NGO management of station research—shortly after, discussion of National Lab gain traction
2000
Congress designates the U.S. portion of the station a National Lab
2005
NASA Authorization Act mandates creation of a nonprofit NGO to manage the National Lab
2010
NASA issues a competitive call for a “cooperative agreement”, and CASIS begins operations in summer 2011
2011
1960 1970 1980 1990
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CASIS AND THE ISS NATIONAL LAB
Creating opportunities for research and discovery in space targeted to definitive impacts here on Earth The opportunities are wide-ranging:
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ISS STAKEHOLDERS
Research enabled by access to space: scientific research in the life and physical sciences that takes advantage of unique aspects of the space environment to significantly advance fundamental scientific understanding.
Research that enables space exploration:
scientific research in the life and physical sciences needed to develop advanced
exploration technologies and
processes affected by operation in a space
environment.
Mission: Science in space for the benefit of Earth.
Mission: To advance exploration of the solar system, scientific
research, and enable commerce in space.
Mission: The use of ISS in support of
respective national goals.
HOW TO ENGAGE THE ISS NATIONAL LAB
Unsolicited Proposals
Sponsored Research Programs
Grand Challenges
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ISS NATIONAL LAB REVIEW PROCESS
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SCIENTIFICREVIEW
ECONOMICREVIEW
SOLICITEDPROPOSALS
UNSOLICITEDPROPOSALS
OTHERGOVERNMENT
AGENCIES
OGAMERIT/PEER
REVIEWPROCESS
CASISMERIT/PEER
REVIEWPROCESS
FLIGHTOPERATIONSPLANNING*
NSF
DOD NIHUSDA
DOE
*CASIS + Implementation Partners:Payload Development !Prioritization !Mission Integration !ISS National Lab
FLIGHT OPSREVIEW
Response toCASIS RFP
Submittedanytime
Submittedanytime
CASIS RESEARCH ORGANIZATION PROJECTS
Baylor College of Medicine
MD Anderson
Mayo Clinic
Houston Methodist Research Institute
NIH - NIAMS
NSF
National Space Biomedical Research Institute
National Jewish Health
Veterans Administration
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
Collaborative, multi-year, targeted, theme and unsolicited …
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INNOVATIVE STARTUPS USING ISS
Neural Analytics – Non-invasive measurement of intracranial pressure
Quad Technologies – Stem cell separation technology
Benevolent Technologies for Health – Low-cost reconfigurable material designed for prosthetic sockets
Ras Labs – Synthetic muscle and nanomaterials
Vecoy Nanomedicines – Nanomedicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis-C and other viral infections
Silverside – Radiation detection technology
Cam Med – Electrolysis generates bubbles in order to improve the methods of dosage control in a device that can deliver multiple medication through the skin
Novopyxis – Seeking to improve a drug delivery device by studying how the drugs penetrate and spread once they’ve entered a substance mimicking human skin
SQZ Biotech – Novel method for delivering large molecules into cells by using a microfluidic chip to physically squeeze cells
MassChallenge Awards
Rice Business Plan Award A-76 Technologies – Thin film protective coatings
DexMat – Carbon nanotube cables
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CASIS RESEARCH PORTFOLIO THRU FY15
Academic Commercial
OGA
57% 40%
3%
Tech Development
24%
Life Sciences 44%
Physical Sciences 20%
Remote Sensing
13%
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THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT: MICROGRAVITY Microgravity alters many observable phenomena
Space Earth
Flame structure in space !Thermocapillary flows!
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Swan et al. PNAS 109(40); 2012
Other images courtesy of NASA
!Breast cancer tumor cells
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THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT: EXTREME CONDITIONS
Exposure to • Extreme thermal cycling
• Ultra-vacuum
• Atomic oxygen
• High energy radiation
• Debris impact
AO satellite-preservation technique used for art restoration
Radiation-induced darkening Structural degradation
Debris damage
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THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT: LOW EARTH ORBIT • Orbital path over 90% of Earth’s population • Altitude ~240 mi (400km) • Improved spatial resolution • Variable lighting conditions
Oct 12, 2010 Oct 17, 2010
X-ray nova
Space remote sensing: X-ray monitoring
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THE TWINS STUDY: NASA’S FIRST INTEGRATED OMICS STUDY
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“To capitalize on this unique opportunity, NASA’s Human Research Program (HRP) and the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) initiated a pilot demonstration project focused on the use of integrated human -omic analyses to better understand the biomolecular responses to the physical, physiological, and environmental stressors associated with spaceflight.”
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HUMAN HEALTH UNDER SPACEFLIGHT CONDITIONS
Muscle wasting Muscle mass and strength decline similar to Sarcopenia
Rodent model to evaluate pre-clinical therapeutics Osteoporosis Bone mineral density decreases more rapidly
Rodents, medaka, and quail models for accelerated testing Cancer Stem cells accelerated proliferation and improved differentiation
Elucidation of critical mechanisms through cell/tissue culture Immune Response Alteration in lymphocytes, cytokines, granulocytes and T-cells
Increased microbial virulence
Cell culture/animal models for therapeutic evaluation
Disease Analogs 2012 Medicines in Development
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CANCER BIOLOGY IN SPACE
Loss of gravity-dependent convection
Negligible hydro-dynamic shear
Lack of sedimentation
Cells colocate, coalesce and form complex multicellular aggregates and organoids, which can be sustained for days or months in microgravity
Crystals form and are more pure, uniform and much larger
MICROGRAVITY CULTURE CONDITIONS
THEREBY…
Zeolite – Earth (right); microgravity (left)
Observed evidence of enhanced cancer-matrix interaction with prostate cancer cells forming golf ball-size tumor aggregates in space when compared to the same 3-D culture under microgravity simulated growth conditions on Earth. – courtesy Dr. Leland Chung
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CANCER BIOLOGY IN SPACE
Gene expression patterns “Taken together, this study shows that spaceflight experiments are of great value for cell biology research in general and for cancer research in particular. Our experiments indicate that microgravity, preferably real as in spaceflight, but also in some respects simulated on the RPM, induce changes in the expression and secretion of genes and proteins involved in cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and survival, shifting the cells toward a less aggressive phenotype. Further studies to investigate the involved mechanisms in more detail are expected to yield novel targets for cancer therapy, which may then be exploited in the form of new chemotherapeutics.” - Dr. Daniella Grimm, Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
Harnessing spaceflight effects …
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GOOD HEALTH CAMPAIGN
Goals and objectives:
Understanding the systems that underpin the transition from wellness to disease—where the process is accelerated by microgravity—so that interventions can be designed to improve health on Earth
Leverage data, technology and resource infrastructure developed by NASA and other government agencies to ensure the highest probability of campaign success.
Integrate systems biology and meta-data from humans and non-human models into an open science platform.
A CASIS initiative in partnership with NASA to translate observations in microgravity to health benefits on Earth
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HUMAN MODELS FOR GOOD HEALTH
CASIS seeks to build an Astronaut Cohort for the Precision Medicine Initiative Consortium of Cohorts2
Expand the NASA Repository to include samples from US and international crew on the ISS
Enhance sample collection and preservation protocols to accommodate inclusion of astronaut data in omics based analyses for an Astronaut Longitudinal Study and the NIH Precision Medicine Initiative
Develop data and privacy standards for inclusion of crew data in the GeneLab Data System open-access repository.
The NASA Biological Specimen Repository (Repository) is a storage bank that is used to maintain biological specimens over extended periods of time and under well-controlled conditions. Samples from the ISS, including blood and urine, are collected, processed and archived during the preflight, in-flight and post-flight phases.1
1. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/981.html 2. http://www.nih.gov/precisionmedicine/workshop.htm
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DISEASE MODELS FOR GOOD HEALTH
Identify institutional partners for disease model resources on the ISS National Lab
Define the required ISS resources and data requirements to generate integrated systems biology data to advance knowledge for transitions from wellness to disease
Define Good Health reference missions to the ISS National Lab where model organisms and/or cell models for disease research can be flown to the ISS and exposed to microgravity to accelerate the onset and progression of disease.
In addition to crew, human disease priority areas for study by CASIS on the ISS
National Lab can be accommodated using model organisms (e.g., rodents,
zebra fish, fruit flies, roundworms, flatworms, yeast, etc.) and/or cell lines
adopted by the NIH and Science Definition Teams composed of nationally-
recognized researchers in specified disease areas.
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DISEASE MODELS FOR THE ISS NATIONAL LAB
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Image: Ranga et al. (2014) Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 70:19–28
Image: Ranga et al. (2014) Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 70:19–28
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ORGANS ON CHIPS RESEARCH
GRAND CHALLENGE – Due October 16, 2015
This funding opportunity seeks to accelerate the development of human microphysiological systems, tissue-on-chip, organ-on-chip, and related technologies that address challenges in predictive toxicity assessment during the preclinical phase of drug development or in tissue engineering for regenerative medicine to benefit human disease research on Earth. One or two respondents will be selected to share an award of up to $1M in research grant sponsorship to support a flight project to the ISS National Lab.
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ISS CARGO VEHICLES
Cygnus (Orbital) Cargo Capacity
2,000 kg
HTV (JAXA)
Cargo Capacity 5,500 kg
Dragon (SpaceX) Cargo Capacity 3,100 kg ascent
Progress (Russia) Cargo Capacity
2,250 kg
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SCIENCE HARDWARE
NASA ISS Microgravity GloveBox
Bioserve BioCell
Techshot CellCult
NASA ISS Freezer NASA WetLab2 PCR SmartCycler
Bioserve Space Bioproduct Lab - Incubator
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EXTERNAL PAYLOAD ATTACHMENT LOCATIONS
External Workstations (9) on the Russian Service Module
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External Sites on the U.S. Segment
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GOOD EARTH FRAMEWORK
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Enhanced Imagery Products
& Data Fusion
Hyperspectral SAR LiDAR Thermal
Supporting Technologies
Direct End-User Engagement
• Diverse Sensors & Technologies • TRL Advancement • Commercial Application • Humanitarian & STEM benefit
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GOOD EARTH “GAP ANALYSIS’
Investigation Areas:
• Strengths and weaknesses of ISS as a remote sensing platform
• Commercial applicability of NASA remote sensing science data
• Market research on potential sensor technology demonstrations
Purpose:
• Align Good Earth Strategy with ISS infrastructure & capability
• Inform and prioritize CASIS BD outreach
• Inform CASIS engagement with ISS Program Office
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SPONSORED PROGRAM: TARGETING YOUR ORGANIZATION’S CHALLENGE Tailored program aimed at solving an organization’s challenge and/or driving new innovation by finding and flying cutting edge research $0 program cost
$7.4 million dollar value
Minimal Time to investment
Program elements Identification of and outreach to best research and technology development resources
Advertising and outreach to pool of relevant innovators
Information and education sessions on program goals
Cross-disciplinary and collaborative solution development
• Subject matter expertise
• Translations of ground based goals to space
Branding
‘Space Is In It’ markings
Custom flight patch
Launch participation
Media outreach
STEM program wrappers
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THANK YOU
Explore CASIS Online: www.iss-casis.org
Photos provided courtesy of NASA. CASIS is the sole manager of the U.S. National Laboratory on the International Space Station.
/ISSCASIS @ISS_CASIS CASIS @ISS_CASIS
www.spacestationresearch.com
CASIS PROVIDES VALUE Brainstorming with researchers to identify optimal projects
Translation of ground based science goals to space based environment
Use of labs (if needed) at Kennedy Space Center and other NASA facilities
Logistics for data acquisition, sample recovery, data/software interfaces
Transportation to and from the ISS
Support of real-time, in-orbit operations (video, astronaut involvement, etc)
Working with 3rd Party Hardware companies to provide hardware and facilities that support the project
Coordinating contingency plans to preserve science objectives
AVERAGE VALUE OF $7.4 MILLION