ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1991

FISHERIES RESEARCII INSTITUTE,

11700 (-;ELUGOR, P~NANG.

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES,

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE,

MALAYSIA.

JULY 1992

1.

2.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION/HIGHTLIGHTS

1.1 Highlights of Aquaculture Research

1.2 Hightlights of Resource Research

1.3 Highlights of Aquatic Ecology Research

1.4 Technology Transfer

1.5 Operating Costs

1.6 R&D Expenditure

1.7 Organization

1.8 Posts

1.9 Research Facilities

PAGE

1

1

5

5

7

8

8

9

10

11

12-

2.1 Fisheries Research Institute, Glugor, Penang 13

(a) Resource Research 13

(b) Aquaculture Research 15

(c) Aquatic Ecology & Pollution Research 15'

2.2 Nat. Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah 16

2.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Malacca 16

2.4 Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johor 17

2.5 Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Terengganu 17

2.6 Marine Fishe~ies Research Centre, Sarawak 19

2.7 Marine Fish Fry Prod.& Research Centre, Terengganu 19

i

3. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS

3.1 Fisheries Research Institute, Glugor, Penang

(a) Resource Research 20

(b) Aquaculture (Mariculture) Research 38

(c) Aquatic Ecology & Pollution Research 45

3.2 Nat. Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah 51

3.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Malacca 64

3.4 Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johor 76

3.5 Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Terengganu 81

3.6 Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Sarawak 88

3.7 Marine Fish Fry Prod. & Research Centre, Terengganu 96

4. MAINTENANCE & DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH VESSELS 98

5. PUBLICATIONS & REPORTS 102

6. NEW STAFF/TRANSFERS ETC. 111

7. VISITS/VISITORS 115

8. MEE'l'INGS/SEMINAkS/LECTURES/TRAINING COURSES 118

APPENDIX 1 125

ii

FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE MALAYSIA)

11700 GELUGOR, PENANG

ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1991

1. INTRODUCTION/HIGHLIGHTS

Fisheries research and development carried out by the

Fisheries Research Institute (Department of Fisheries, Ministry

of Agriculture Malaysia) at its headquarters in Glugor, Penang

and its branches in various parts of the country (Appendix I)

Research and development was carried out on all aspects of

fisheries with the aim of providing the scientific basis and

technical support for the rational/sustainable development and

management of fisheries, i.ncludi.ng aquaculture in Malaysia.

1.1 Highlights of Aquaculture Research

In the field of aquaculture research and development,

several significant advancements were achieved in the breeding

and larviculture technology for several commercially important

species. These included the successes in the area of oyster

1

culture and breeding (parti~ularly of the species Crassostrea

iredalei and ~ belcheri), upgrading of marine shrimp and

freshwater prawn hatchery technology, freshwater fish propagation

(particularly of the species Probarbus jullieni, Oreochromis sp.

and Colossoma sp.) and further refinements ln the artificial

propagation and culture of other species including ornamental

fishes.

The success in the field of oyster culture was

remarkable during the year. The project, carried out

assistance of the Bay of Bengal Programme for

especially

with the

Fisheries

Dvelopment (BOBP), determined suitable techniques

sites for spat collection, transplantation and

and several

culture of

Crassostrea iredalet and ~~ belcheri, with the participation of

fisherfolk at various coastal localities. A cost-effective

depuration system was also installed at oyster farmers' premises

in Kedah and Perak and promotions of raw oysters were

successfully conducted at science/agriculture expositions,

seafood restaurants and leading hotels. Apart from developing

oyster spat collection from the wild, artificial propagation of

both Crassostrea iredalei and ~. belcheri was also successfully

carried out.

The hatchery technology for both the marine shrimp (Penaeus

monodon, E. merguiensis) and the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium

rosenbergii) was further advanced during the year. This was

reflected in the total number of shrimp/prawn fry produced as a

ny-product of the R&D work in hatchery technology which amounted

2

to more than 123.8 million, comprising 110 million of marine

shrimp postlarvae and 13.8 million freshwater prawn juveniles.

While both figures exceeded the targets by more than 20 percent,

the 13.8 million prawn juveniles produced marked a very

significant upgrading of hatchery technology, as high survivals

were consistently attained in spite of freshwater shortage

encountered during the year. The improved hatchery technology

also resulted in a lower cost of shrimp fry production, thus

enabling the price of shrimp postlarvae (PL 20-25) to be reduced

from 4 sen each to 2.5 sen during the year. ·On the other hand,

the price for freshwater prawn juveniles remains at 4 sen each,

in view of the need to encourage the setting up of freshwater

~rawn hatcheries which still have not been established as in the

case of shrimp hatcheries in the country_

'J'he Kaml:>ung Po] iF S<"'yak hatchery facilit.ies: also se~ed for

research on the large-scale artificial propagation of the

swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) and the mangrove crab (Scylla

serrata) _ Very encouraging results were obtained, with over 1.5

million juveniles of the swimming crab and 40,000 juveniles of

the mangrove crab produced for experimental pond culture as well

as for sea ranching.

In the research on the pond culture (grow-out) of marine

shrimps carried out at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Research

Centre in Gelang Patah, Johore - it was found that for the

culture of the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), ponds with a

sandy bottom gave considerably better (>30 percent) yields than

3

ponds with a muddy bottom. For pond water management, a

combination of a water pumping system with tidal water exchange

proved to be much better than the tidal exchange alone.

In

progress

temoleh

the area of freshwater fish research, significant

was achieved in the artificial propagation of the

(Probarbus jullieni). Following the first spawning of

this fish at· Batu Berendam, Malacca in November 1990 which

produced only about 1,000 fertilized eggs and 28 fingerlings,

about 200,000 fertilized eggs were produced from spawnings in

February 1991. The larviculture succeeded in raising more than

1,300 fingerlings from which 300 were provided for restocking the

Perak River, with the aim of rehabilitating the temoleh stock in

the wild. In the breeding of Tilapia for colour selection, the

percentage of Red Tilapia fry obtained from fry-production ponds

was about 99%. For the experimental fibreglass tanks, 100% red

was maintained. In the mixed culture of Red Tilapia in

freshwater ponds utilizing the siakap (Lates calcarifer) to

control over-crowding due to the prolific breeding of the Tilapia

in the culture ponds, the siakap was found to be very effective.

To speed up the identification of potential areas for

aquaculture development - particularly the construction of ponds

for prawn/fish culture - the use of computerised geographical

information system (GIS) was applied to cover more areas in

Malaysia during the year.

4

1.2 Highlights of Resource Research

Fisheries resource research activities during 1991 were

concentrated on the monitoring of the catches of commercial

fishing boats at selected fish landing centres in Malaysia. The

catch rates and species 6omposition of the landings of trawlers

and purse-seiners were monitored on a monthly basis throughout

the year. Biological data were also collected on selected

demersal and pelagic fish species to determine their growth

parameters and exploitation rates. The study on the recruitment

of penaeid prawns in the waters off Kuala Sapetang, Perak was

also continued through the year.

A trawling survey to monitor the status of the coastal

demersal fisheries resources off the East coast of Peninsular

Malaysia was conducted during th~ year.

application of remote sensing to correlate surface temperature

and other parameters at sea with the distribution and abundance

of fish stocks.

In the field of fishing gear technology, studies were

conducted on the suitability and efficiency of pair trawling in

offshore waters and ~he use of squid traps in inshore waters.

1.3 Highlights of Aquatic Ecology Research

Under the aquatic ecology research programme, the

artificial reef project monitored the effectiveness of reefs made

of rubber tyres, pvc pipes, concrete and a combination of PVC and

5

concrete blocks. Th~re was a greater encrustation of oysters on

concrete reefs than on tyre or PVC reefs. The fishes commonly

found in the artificial reefs included several serranids and

lutjanids of commercial importance.

l{onitoring of heavy metal and pesticide levels in fish and

shellfish sampled from coastal areas in Malaysia showed values

below the maximum permissible limits of the Swedish Codex. This

indicated that the sp~cies sampled do not pose any health hazard

to the consumers in as far as the heavy metals and pesticides

analysed are concerned.

Other activities carried out by the Aquatic Ecology Section

included studies on seagrass, mangrove and coral reef ecosystems,

monitoring of coastal water quality at selected localities

including Pulau Langkawi, Pulau Pinang and Pulau Redang, and

At the Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Chendering,

Terengganu, further success was reported in the rearing of the

leatherback turtle, which was first started in September 1990

under the Turtle Conservation Programme, using the hatchery

facilities at the Tanjung Demong Marine Fish Fry Production

Centre. The project has set a world record in the keeping of

baby leatherbacks in captivity. From an initial weight of 39 gm,

the surviving young turtles had grown to an average weight of

16.0 kg each by the,end of 1991. Studies are still in progress

to study the biology of the leatherback in captivity, in addition

to the conservation efforts carried out on the nesting beach and

at sea.

6

1.4 Technology Transfer

The transfer of technology from research to extension

workers and the target group continued during the year. The

total number of trainees, comprising aquafarmers, extension

workers of various government agencies and also international

participants, who attended courses at the Institute's Kampung

Pulau Sayak Centre amounted to 403. There were altogether 31

training sessions covering nine 'different topics on brackishwater

aquaculture, including one shrimp hatchery course conducted for

international participants under the Malaysia Technical

Cooperation Programme.

Several R&D projects including bivalve (oyster / mussel· /

cockle) trans!?1 ant.ation 1n~ cnltr'.!"e i rohellfis!: ce?'2!"<!ticr.., ::::!-!::-:':::t::.

/ prawn cultur.e, fishing gear technology were implemented with

the direct participation of fisherfolk in various localities in

the country.

The Institute's findings/achievements were reported in many

technical reports ar.d papers prepared for the Department and/or

for publication. Some of the major findings were exhibited in

various expositions held at both State and National levels

(including Ekspo Hari Peladang/Penternak/Nelayan'. Pameran Hasil

Penyelidikan) . The Institute was awarded the 1st Prize at the

exposition of research results held at the Putra World Trade

Centre in Kuala Lumpur, in conjunction with the 5th National

7

Science & Technology Week and the same exhibits helped the

Department of Fisheries also to win the 1st Prize at the National

Level Farmers' Day Expo held at the Agriculture Park in Shah

Alam, Selangor.

1.5 Operating costs

In 1991, the operating cost of running the Institute,

together with its following branches:

i) Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johore;

Gelang Patah,

ii) Harine Fish Resource Research Centre, Chendering,

iii)

Terengganui

Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Malacca and;

Batu Berendam,

iv) National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kg. Pulau 5dy dK, :r\eu.a.~l i

amounted to slightly over $5.4 million (Operating costs for the

Tanjung Demong Marine Fish Fry Production Centre and t:he Bintawa

Marine Fisheries Research Centre were still included under the

Department of Fisheries, Terengganu and Sarawak respectively) .

Occasional difficulties were encountered with the operating

budget and it is hoped that there will be an appropriate increase

of operating funds in future.

1.6 R&D Expenditure

Research and development expenditure for the year in the

8

following R&D Programmes under IRPA, totalled approximately $2.7'

million:

Assessment of Coastal Fish Resources $405,556

Artificial Reef Development $239,115

Assessment of Offshore Fish Resources $453,249

Aquaculture Research $1,092,032

Handling of Fish Products $141,888

Mollusc Culture $151,202

Turtle Conservation $246,582

Total R&D Expenditure $2,729,624 ============

1.7 ORGANIZATION

The Institute comprises 3 research sections, viz. Resource,

Aquatic Ecology and Aquaculture (Appe.ndix 2).

The Resource section consists of the Demersal, Pelagic and

Fishing Gear Technology units - all based in Glugor - and the

Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, situated in Chendering,

Terengganu. The Marine Fisheries Research Centre, located in

Bintawa, Sarawak, mainly carries out studies on coastal and

offshore fisheries resources but also carries out research and

development of coastal/brackishwater aquaculture in Sarawak.

The Aquatic Ecology section includes the Conservation and

Pollution units, both based in Glugor, Penang. It works closely

with the Institute's branches in Chendering, Terengganu and

9

Bintawa, Sarawak,

marine parks.

on the development of artificial reefs and

The Aquaculture Section consists of the Mariculture unit in

Glugor, Penang; the Freshwater Fish Research Centre in Batu

Berendam, Malacca; the Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre

in Gelang Patah, Johore and the National Prawn Fry Production and

Research Centre in Kg. Pulau Sayak, Kedah.

The Institute also has a research component in the

Department's Marine Finfish Fry Production Centre at Tanjung

Demong, Terengganu where research and development on the

artificial propagation of Lates calcarifer, ~inephelus sp. and

Lutjanus sp. has mqde further progress.

1.e PCST~

In 1991 r the Institute had a total of 516 permanent posts,

the breakdown of which is as follows:

Group A Group B Group C Group D Total

Glugor 39 8 50 72 169

Kg. P. Sayak 12 5 17 39 73

B. Berendam 12 9 27 56 104

G. Patah 5 2 7 24 38

Chendering 4 0 11 15 30

Tg. Demong 1 1 6 9 17

Bintawa 11 1 28 45 85

TOTAL 84 26 146 260 516

10

However not all the posts were filled. Several staff

members were away on long study leave and available staff had to

be redeployed in order to enable projects to be implemented as

smoothly as possible. The problem arising from the insufficient

number of suitably trained crew members for the various research

vessels was often quite critical as the job could not be done by

unqualified personnel. This was alleviated to some extent by

carrying out some investigations at sea on board commercial

fishing vessels. To ensure the smooth.implementation of all the

research projects, it is hoped that all existing vacancies of

posts in the various categories will be filled as soon as

possible.

1.9 RESEARCH FACILITIES

During the year, some additional facilities were under

construction and at the same time several research facilities in

all branches of the Institute were considerably upgraded with the

completion of development projects and the provision of adequate

funds under the TRPA Programme.

The Phase Two Extension to the Marine Finfish Fry Production

Centre in Tanjung Demong, Terengganu was nearing completion and

is expected to be ready for operation in 1992. In the meantime,

plans were finalized for the construction of additional hatchery

facilities for marine finfish propagation to provide the fry for

restocking of coastal waters.

11

The completion of a new 4-storey building in Chendering,

Terengganu in 1991 provided adequate space for the Marine Fish

Resource Research Centre, earlier temporarily housed in 2 rented

shoplots. In the meantime, a new ~esearch complex specifically

designed for the Marine Fish Resource Research Centre as part of

Research Modernization under the ADB-MAL 862 Project is under

construction and is due for completion in early 1992.

Under the same Research Modernization Project, detailed

planning and site preparation for the construction of a new

research cum administrative complex of the Fisherie~ Research

Institute (headquarters) at Batu Maung, Penang made considerable

progress in 1991. This complex is urgently required to provide

the necessary space and facilities for all aspects of fisheries

Besides the shore-based facilities, there are several

research vessels available for resource assessment, exploratory

fishing and fishing gear development. The vessels are also

deployed for artificial reef construction and monitoring, and

pollution studies. These include K. K. MERSUJI, K.K. PELALING,

K.K. KERAPU and K.K. JENAHAK which are based in Glugor, Penangi

K.K. SENANGIN' in Chendering, K.K. MAN CHONG and K.K. MALONG in

Kuching, Sarawak. ~ull deployment of the vessels for the year

was however handicapped by crew shortage.

12

2. RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATIONS

The overall research programme is geared towards the proper

development and management of the fisheries sector (including

aquaculture), in line with Government policies and in particular,

the National Agriculture Policy.

The main research projects carried out by the officers of

the various sections/centres of the Institute during 1991 were as

follows:

2.~ Fishe~ies Research Institute, Penang:

(a) Resource Research

2.1.1 M0nitoring and analysis of ~andings an~ cate~co~positi0n of commercial fish purse-seine boats (ehee Phaik Ean) .

2.1.2 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial anchovy purse-seine boats (ehee Phaik Ean) .

2.1.3 Biological s~udies on selected pelagic fish including tuna (ehee Phaik Ean) .

species

2.1.4 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial 2-boat Danish seines based in Kuala Kurau, Perak (ehee Phaik Ean).

2.1.5 Demersal the east Nuruddin) .

fish resource survey in the coastal waters coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Ahmad Adnan

off b.

2.1.6 Monitoring and analysis of landings of carpet clams (Paphia undulata) at Sungai Batu, Kedah (Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin and Ibrahim b. Johari).

2.1.7 Prawn resource study in the coastal waters off the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Abu Talib b. Ahmad and Alias b. Man).

13

2.1.8 studies on the recruitment of the penaeid prawn Penaeus merguiensis in the estuarine waters of Kuala Sapetang, Perak (Lui Yean Pong, Abu Talib b. Ahmad, and Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin).

2.1.9 Monitoring and analysis of landings .and catch composition of commercial trawl boats (Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa).

2.1.10 Biological studies on selected demersal fish species (Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa).

2.1.11 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch of palisade traps (kelongs) operated in the Johore (Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa).

composition waters of

2.1.12 Electrophoretic studies on the taxonomy of prawns, fish and squids (Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa and Samsudin b. Basir).

2.1.13 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of sotong arus (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) portable traps (Samsudin b. Basir and Rosidi b. Ali).

2.1.14 Experimental trials with pair trawl net (Rosidi b. Ali and I~rahim b. Johari).

2.1.15 Comparative studies on the efficiency cf 2-seam, 4-seam and 6-seam trawl nets (Rosidi b .. Ali).

2.1.16 Trials with crab traps in the waters of Selangor (Rosidi b. Ali and Ibrahim b. Johari).

2.1.17 Comparative study between the catches with prawn trawl net and 2-boat Danish seine net in the coastal waters off Kuala Kurau, Perak (Rosidi b. Ali and Ibrahim b. Johari).

2.1.18 Monitoring and analysis of fishing trials conducted jointly with the Extension and Education Division of the Department of Fisheries Malaysia (Rosidi b. Ali and Ibrahim b. Johari).

2.1.19 study on the design of trawl nets used by offshore trawlers (Rosidi b. Ali and Ibrahim b. Johari).

14

(b) Aquaculture Research

2.1.20 Oyster transplantation and culture (Ong Kah Sin, Ng . Fang Oon, Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair).

2.1.21 Cockle transplantation and culture (Ng Fong Oon, Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair) .

2.1.22 Mussel transplantation and culture (Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair, Ng Fang Oon).

2.1.23 Fish health and disease (Chuah Toh Thye, Chao Poh Sze, Devakie Nair) .

2.1.24 Seaweed (Polycavernosa) culture (Ramli Saad).

2.1.25 Offshore Cage Culture (Ong Kah Sin, Hambal Hanafi, Ramli Saad) .

(c) Ecology Research

2.1.26 study on Artificial Reefs (Abdul Razak Latun, Edward Wong Fai Hung) .

2.1.27 study on the Marine Parks/Coral Reef Ecosystem (Kushairi Rajuddin, Edward Wong Fai Hung, Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah) .

2.1.28 study on the Seagrass Ecosystem (Kushairi Rajuddin).

2.1.29 study on the Mangrove Ecosystem (Kushairi Rajuddin).

2.1.30 Shellfish Depuration (Ismail Ishak).

2.1.31 Monitoring of heavy metals in fish, shellfish and sediments (Shahunthala Devi).

2.1.32 Analyses of pesticides in fish and shellfish (Rohani Ibrahim) .

2.1.33 Toxicity Screening (Rohani Ibrahim).

2.1.34 Water Quality Monitoring (Ismail Ishak).

15

2.2 National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah

2.2.1 Culture of live food organisms '(Faazaz Abd Latiff, Che utama Che Musa and Fariduddin Othman).

2.2.2 Maturation studies of Penaeus monodon (V. Palanisamy).

2.2.3 Culture of pond grown broodstock of E. monodon (K. Subramaniam, Liong pit Chong and Safiah Sayuti).

2.2.4 Larviculture of marine shrimp (V. Palanisamy, Faazaz Abd. Latiff, Rashidah Mat Resat and Muhamad Hatta Hj Mahmud).

2.2.5 Larviculture Macrobrachium Jamari) .

of the Giant Malaysian Freshwater Prawn rosenbergii (Yaakob Ahmad and Zainoddin

2.2.6 Larviculture of swimming crab and mud crab (Zainuddin Jamari and Che utama Che Musa) .

2.2.7 Nursery management and fry distribution and Muhamad Hatta Hj Mahmud).

(Othman Muhamad

2.2.8 Feed formulation (Che utama Che Musa and Jamari) .

Zainodciin

2.2.9 Pathology and water quality studies (V. Palanisamy, Faazaz A!:Jd.. Lu.'tiff u.~,d. ~ivrag r~ t C!-;.o~g) e

2.2.10 Training courses (Centre & DOF).

2.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Melaka

2.3.1 Breeding of indigenous fishes (Ahmad Ashhar Othman, Haron Abdullah)

2.3.2 Breeding of exotic fishes (Mohamad Zaini Suleiman, Saadon b. Kasmon)

2.3.3 Breeding of catfishes (Thalathiah saidin, Ibrahi~ Taat)

2.3.4 Genetics and breeding of Tilapia (Chuah Hean Peng, Nor Azman Abd. Ghani)

2.3.5 Breeding and culture of ornamental fishes (Mohammad Zaini Suleiman, Saadon Kasmon)

2.3.6 Pond culture of the Red Tilapia (S. Pathmasothy, Lim Teik Jirt)

16

2.3.7 Pondculture of the Malaysian Freshwater Prawn (Suhairi Alimon, Misri Samingin)

2.3.8 Culture of live food organisms (Siti Azamah Mustapha)

2.3.9 Fish nutrition (S. Pathmasothy, Maznah othman)

2.3.10 Fish disease diagnostic and control (Siti Zahrah Abdullah)

2.3.11 Fishery development Zulkafli Abd. Rashid,

of reservoirs (Thalathiah Saidin, Chuah Hean Peng, Misri Samingin)

2.3.12 National Rashid,

Agriculture Zahari Awang)

Park, Shah Alam (Zulkafli

2.3.13 Water quality in aquaculture (Maznah Othman, Awang) .

2.4 Brackishwater Aquaculture Research centre, Johore

2.4.1

2.4.2

Pond culture of Penaeus monodon and E. mergueinsis. Toh Thye, Ramli Khamis, and Azmi Abd. Rahman)

Nursery of the giant sea perch (Lates calcarifer)in ways and the culture of the Red Tilapia (Oreochromis in brackishwater pond. (Fauzidah Othman)

Abd.

Zahari

(Chuah

race sp. )

'2.4. . 3 Feed fcrr.n.:l<::.~icr. fer t~c ;:,anana p:::-~~!!"l. (::s!nc.il Abu Hassan)

2.4.4 Pond Management unit. (Md. Nafiah Md. Yasin)

2.4.5 Pond and River Water Chemistry. (Rosly Hassan)

2.4.6 Engineering and Transfer of Technology. (Ramli Khamis and Azmi Abd. Rahman).

2.5 Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Terenqqanu

Marine Fish Assessment Programme

2.5.1 Squid migration in Terengganu waters (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan)

2.5.2 Design and modification of fishing gear (Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim, Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan)

2.5.3 Landings and composition of demersal fish (Abdul Hamid bin Yasin, Azman bin Said, Syed Abdullah bin Syed Abdul Kadir)

2.5.4 Payaos for recreation at Pulau Redang (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan)

17

2.5.5 Recreational fish resources (Abdul Hamid bin Yasin, Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan)

2.5.6 Pelagic fish landings (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan, Syed Abdullah bin Syed Abdul Kadir)

Fisheries Oceanography Programme

2.5.7 Analysis of imageries in remote sensing (Abdul Hamid bin Yasin, Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar, Azman bin Said)

Resource Development Programme

2.5.8 Building of a prototype reef for squids (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin)

2.5.9 Assessment of reef fish resources (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan)

Resource Conservation Programme

2.5.10 Migration of the leathery back turtle (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin)

2.5.11 Turtle tagging (Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim)

2.5. 12 Reari~g of yo~~q ~ca::hc:.-~Y =~C}: "'~~:,"-=lc:: (::{2.!:'!.c.=~u.dd=-!! biT' Ibrahim, Roosevien Farida Nilawati binte Rachmat)

2.5.13 Monitoring of turtle population (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Russin)

Resource Ecology Programme

2.5.14 Monitoring of the sedimentation process in Pulau Redang (Mohd. Pauzi bin Abdullah, Abdul Aziz bin Yusof)

2.5.15 Monitoring sedimentation using radioactive substances (Mohd. Pauzi bin Abdullah, Abdul Aziz bin Yusof)

Special (ADB-MAL,862) Programme

2.5.16 ADB reef project - PVC reef at Pulau Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar, Sukarno Bidin bin Raja Hassan, Che Omar bin Mat Said)

Perhentian bin Wagiman, Hussin, Azman

(Raja Raja bin

2.5.17 ADB reef project - Recreational reef at Pulau Tioman (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin)

2.5.18 ADB reef project - spiny lobster reef at Pulau Redang (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin).

18

2.6 Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Sarawak

2.6.1 Demersal fish survey in the 12 - 30 nautical miles waters off Sarawak (George Chong Chiaw Min)

2.6.2 Experimental fishing using troll lines and fish aggregating devices (FADs) in Pulau Layang-Layang waters (Richard Rumpet)

2.6.3 Demersal fish survey in the 12 - 30 nautical miles waters off the 'west coast of Sabah (Radii Rajali)

2.6.4 Survey of prawn resources in the Kuching Bay, Sarawak (Radii Rajali)

2.6.5 study of tuna landings and biology in Mukah District, Sarawak (Richard Rumpet)

2.6.6 Culture of green mussels (Perna viridis) on ropes attached to rafts in Salak, Sarawak (Mohammad Mohidin)

2.6.7 Monitoring of the eggs and larvae of Tenualosa toli in the Batang Lupar Estuary, Sarawak (Yong Ai Rua)

2.6.8 Artificial reef construction and extension using discarded rubber tyres in Sarawak waters (Ismaili Bujang pit)

2.7 Marine Fish Fry Production & Research Centre, Terenqqanu

2.7.1 Marine finfish broodstock maturation (Nik Razali Nik Lah).

2.7.2 Siakap (Lates) fry production (Russin Mat Ali).

2.7.3 Grouper (Epinephelus) fry production (Ali Awang).

19

3. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS

3.1 Fisheries Research Institute, Penang

(a) Resource Research

3.1.1 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch compcsitioli of commercial fish purse-seine boats.

Based on monthly monitoring of the landings of fish purse-

selne boats based in Telok Bahang, Pulau Pinang ~nd Pulau

Pangkor, Perak, it was observed that purse-seine fishing

activity was low at both these places. These boats switched from

using lures (tuas) or night (malam) operations to using spot

lights to aggregate fish. Thus the landings of fish by these

boats were mixed and could not be separated by category of fish

purse seine. catches by these boats were observed to be low for

most months of the year.

Telok Bahang, Pulau pi nang

The average catch per boat per month ranged from 3.30 tonnes

to 34.09 tonnes. Fishing activity at Teluk Bahang, pulau Pinang,

terminated after July 1991 after a very short season. This was

attributed to bad sea conditions and very low catches of fish.

The catch comprised mainly of ikan selayang (Decapterus

spp) , ikan kembung (Rastrelliger kanagurta), ikan selar (Atule

mate) and tuna (Euthynnus affinis and Auxis thazard). Lesser

quantities of ikan cincaru (Megalaspis cordyla), ikan tamban

buluh (Dussumieria hasselti) and ikan bawal hitam (Formio niger)

were landed.

20

Pulau Pangkor, Perak

Most boats switched between using lights to aggregate fish

and chasing free-swimming schools of fish during the night.

"Mix" landings of fish ranged fL'om 3.16 tonnes to 12. lO tonnes

per boat per month.

The "mix" catches from the purse seiners of Pulau PCingkor

comprised mainly of ikan kembung (Rastrelliger spp) , ikan

selayang (Decapterus spp) and tuna (Euthynnus affinis and Auxis

spp) with lesser quantities of ikan tamban buluh (Dussumieria

hasselti) and ikan cincaru (Megalaspis cordyla).

3.1. 2 Moni torin.g and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial anchovy purse-seine boats.

Monitoring of t.he anchovy purse seines or pukat jerut bills

boats was centred only at Pulau Pangkor, Perak. The average

catch per boat per month ranged from 6.70 tonnes in February 1991

to 34.54 tonnes in October 1991. Fishing was best during the

third quarter of 1991.

Ikan bilis (Stolephorus) contributed up to 98.3% of the

total landings by the anchovy purse-seine boats. Other species

of fish caught included small ikan tamban (Sardinella) and ikan

kembung (Rastrelliger). The percentage of these other fish in

the anchovy purse-seine catch reached 28.1% in January 1991.

Larger quantities of these other fish were caught during the last

2-3 months of the year and early the following year.

21

3.1. 3

The

Biological studies on selected pelagic fish species including tuna.

main species of fish selected were Rastrelliger

brachysoma, ~ kanagurta and the tuna Euthynnus affinis. However

due to the low catches of fish and the irregularity with which

the fish were landed, samples of only ~ brachysoma and ~ . kanagurta were obtained for certain months of the year only.

The ~ kanagurta was sampled from the fish purse-seine boats

operating with spotlights. The average size of this fish ranged

from l68mm to 221mm. The GSI for female fish dropped from 2.8%

in April to 0.4% in May and June but rose to 2.1% in August. For

the male fish the GSI also dropped from 3.3% in April to 0.2% in

May after which the GSI again rose to 2.1% in August 1991. This

suggests that the spawning season of ~ kanagurta was during the

May to June period.

In the case of ~ brachysoma, samples were more consistently

obtained from the Zone B trawlers as compared with ~ brachysoma

from the fish purse-seine boats. The average size of

~ brachysoma from the purse seine ranged from 180mm to 197mm.

The GSI for female fish increased from 3.1% in March to reach

5.4% in May but dropped to 0.6% in August to rise again to 5.8%

in November. For the male fish a similar trend in the GSI was

observed.

The average size of ~ brachysoma caught by the trawlers

ranged from 160mm to 193mm. The GSI for both female and male

22

fish dipped in April but rose again after that. Insufficient

samples during the second half of the year did not allow further

comparison to be made with the results from the fish caught by

the purse-seine boats.

The decrease in the GSI seen in the purse seine catch

suggested that the spawning season of ~ brachysoma could be In

August but for the fish in the trawl catch the spawning season

could be in April. No definite conclusions can be made because

the nature of the fish stock(s) is unknown. However both the

fishing gears could be exploiting the same stock, thus it is

possible that one spawning season occurred in April and the next

in August.

Further analyses of the length frequency data will be

undertaken to determine the basic biological parameters for ~

brachysoma.

3.1.4 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial 2-boat Danish seines based in Kuala Kurau, Perak.

The average landing per unit of kenka per trip ranged . from

56.5 kg/trip/unit to 203.2 kg/trip/unit. ~he highest landings

were observed in July 1991. Generally it was observed that

higher landings were recorded during neap tides.

There does not appear to be a very large difference in the

composition of the catches during spring and neap tides. In both

these cases, "trash" accounted for up to approximately 50% of the

23

total catch. "Trashll used in this context refers to the landings

that are not marketed commercially, but are sold as feed for fish

culture operations or for poultry, These include small

individuals of commercial fish species, the genuine trash fish

species and others. In the kenka fishery. landings other than

prawns are considered as "trash". More genuine trash fish

·species were caught during spring tides.

In the commercial portion of the kenka catch, more

Metapenaeus affinis were caught during spring tides. During neap

tides, more Metapenaeus lysianassa were caught. Two species

caught during both spring and neap tides were Par~neopsis

hardwickii and Solenocera subnuda.

The major species of fish caught were Johnius aneus, ~ ~ina

and Cynoalo§sus. Other fish species included PelloDa. The

mantid shrimp were landed too in the "trash" component. Three

species were identified. These were Harpiosguilla raphidae,

Oratosguilla inornata and ~ nepa. 'rhese mantid shrimps ,.,ere

sorted from the "trash", peeled and sold frozen. Small

cephalopods were also landed in small quantities.

The average size of ~ affinis landed monthly ranged from

60-95 mm for the females and 65-90 mm for the males, while that

of ~ hardwickii were 65-75 mm and 50-55 mm for the females and

males respectively. In the case of ~ lysianassa, the average

size ranged from 60-80 mm for the females and 50-60 mm for the

males. The females were generally larger than the males.

Further analyses will be done to determine the Loa and K values

24

for Metapenaeus affinis, parapeneopsis hardwickii and Metapenaeus

lysianassa. These results will be presented later in other

technical reports.

3.1. 5 Demersal fish resource survey in the coastal waters off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

A demersal fish resource survey on the east coast of

Peninsular Malaysia was conducted with the research vessel

K.K."MERSUJI" from 7/7/91 to 3/9/91. A total of 62 successful

hauls were completed during the survey. The average catch rate

obtained was 69.9 kg/hr of which 50.5 kg (72%) were commercial

fish and the balance of 19.4 kg (28%) being trash fish. The

average catch rate obtained is comparable to those obtained

during similar surveys conducted with the same research vessel

in the same area in 1988 and 1990 which provided an average catch

rate of 72 kg/hr and 71.6 kg/hr respectively. '1'his indicates

that the density of the demersal fish stock in the area had

remained quite stable during the period between 1988-1990.

The waters off East Johor appeared to be the most productive

during the survey, where the overall catch rate was 311.1 kg/hr.

However, this was due to an extremely high catch obtained at one

of the stations in the area where 712 kg were recorded. The

waters off Terengganu generally provided higher catch rates

during the survey.

The squids were the dominant species caught, contributing

about 12% to the total catch. They were followed by the mullids

25

and the priacanthids'which contributed about 7% to the total

catch. The nemipterids, synodontids, lutjanids and rays

contributed around 4%-6% to the total catch. The other species

individually contributed less than 4% to the total catch.

3.1. 6 Monitoring and analysis of landings of carpet clams (P~phia undulata) at sungai Batu, Kedah.

The monitoring of catches of the carpet clams at Sungai

Batu, Kedah was not carried out as no licences for the collection

of the clams were issued during the year. Monitoring will be

carried next year when the licences for 1992 are issued.

3.1. 7 Prawn resource study in the coastal waters of the west coast of peninsular Malaysia.

A prawn resource survey with K.K."PELALING" was conducted in

the waters off Pantai Remis, Perak from 17.10.91 to 28.10.91. A

total of 13 successful hauls were carried out during the cruise.

The overall catch rate of penaeid prawns was 2.64 kg/hr. The

catch rates of the penaeid prawns appeared to decrease with

depth. The average catch of the prawns decreased from 4.52 kg/hr

in waters less than 10 m in depth to only 0.01 kg/hr in waters

greater than 30 m in depth. Five prawn species appeared to

decrease in abundance with increase in the depth of water; These

were Penaeus mergujensis, Metapenaeus affinis, Parapeneopsis

sculptilis, Parapeneopsis hardwickii, and Parapeneopsis

hungerfordi. On the other hand, Metapenaeus brevicornis and

Metapenaeus ensis appeared to increase in abundance with increase

26

in the depth of the water. ~ brevicornis was also caught at all

depths.

The dominant penaeid prawn species caught were

~ hardwickii, ~ 9c~J~tilis, ~ affinis, M. brevicornis, and

~ hungerfordi.

3.1.8 studies on the recruitment of Penaeus merguiensis in the estuarine waters of Kuala Sepetang, Perak.

Two fishing gears were used to sample the estuarine waters

and tributaries at Kuala Sepetang monthly for the juveniles and

subadults of Penaeus merguiensis to monitor their abundance

through the year. The fishing gears used were a push net

operated with mechanized boat (pukat surung) to sample for

juveniles in the waters of the tributaries and a bag net to

sample for emigrant subadults at the estuary of the Sepetang

~iver.

Analysis of the preliminary data obtained indicated that

there appears to be no significant difference in abundance of

~ merguiensis emigrants between the different months of the

year. There is also no significant differences in the catches of

the prawn between flood and ebb tide as well as between full moon

and new moon periods of the month. However, these observations

are preliminary and additional data over a longer period is

required for more comprehensive analyses.

The analysis of the catch data obtained by the pukat surung

27

indicated that there were two peaks of juvenile abundance in the

study area during the year. The first peak occurred in May while

the second peak was from the middle of October to the beginning

of November. The catch of E merguiensis juveniles by the pukat

surung was generally much higher during the night.

3.1.9 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial trawl boats.

The commercial trawl boats based in Hutan Melintang and

Pulau Pangkor, Perak and Batu Maung, Pulau Pinang were monitored

monthly during the year. The boats monitored at Rutan Melintang

were Zone C1 and C2 fish trawlers, while those at Pulau Pangkor

were Zone B fish trawlers. The boats that were monitored at Batu

Maung were Zone B fish and prawn trawlers.

(a) Prawn Trawlers

These Zone B trawlers, based at Batu Maung, Penang usually

fish at night, bringing back their catch the next morning. The

monthly average catch rate of these prawn trawlers ranged from

182 kg/trip/boat to about 387 kg/trip/boat. The overall average

catch rate obtained by these trawlers was 282kg/trip/boat. The

commercial component of the catch was 145kg (51%), while the

trash fish contributed 137kg (49%) to the total catch. The bulk

of the commercial component of the catch was demersal fish,

contributing about 61% towards the commercial component of the

catches. Prawns contributed averagely around 19% towards the

commercial component of the catches. Morithly average catch rates

28

of prawns ranged from 8 kg/trip/boat to 32 kg/trip/boat.

The main demersal fish species caught were Nemipterus

japonicus, Pennahia macrophthalmus, and Pennahia ~acrocephalus,

while the dominant prawn species were Metapenaeus ensis, Penaeus

semisulcatus and Metapeneopsis~. The dominant pelagic fish

species landed was 'Rastrelliger brachysoma.

(b) Fish Trawlers.

Zone C Boats

The catches of Zone C trawlers were monitored only at Hutan

Melintang,Perak. Two categories of Zone C trawlers were

monitored namely Zone Cl trawlers (40 - 69.9 GRT) and Zone C2

trawlers (>70 GRT) between February and December. The overall

average rate of Zone Cl trawlers (8540 kg/trip/boat) was slightly

higher than that obtained by the Zone C2 trawlers

(8230 kg/trip/boat). The monthly average catch rate obtained by

the former category ranged from 863 kg/trip/boat to

15971 kg/trip/boat, while the latter c?tegory averaged between

863 kg/trip/boat and 15147 kg/trip/boat. The Zone C1 boats

averaged 6-7 days per trip, while the Zone C2 trawlers usually

averaged 8-10 days per trip. Commercial fish contributed to

about 43%-49% of the total catch of these trawlers.

Demersal fish .contributed to the bulk (63%-73%) of the total

commercial fish catch of both categories of trawlers. The

dominant species caught were Priacanthus macrocanthus, Nemipterus

29

delagoae, Nemipterus japonicus and Saurida undosguamis. The

dominant pelagic fish species landed by these trawlers included

Rastrelliger kanagurta, Rastrelliger brachysoma, Megalaspis

cordyla and Decapterus maruadsi. However, pelagic fish only

accounted for about 11%-21% of the commercial fish catch of the

Zone C trawlers.

The bulk of the trash fish catch consisted of juveniles of

commercial fish species. They ~ade up about 80-85% of the trash

fish catch of the Zone C trawlers. These were predominantly

juveniles of Saurida undosguamis, Trichiurus haumela, Siganus

oramin, Upeneus sulphureus, Priacanthus macracanthus and

Platycephalus~. The dominant true trash fish species were

Leiognathus elongatus, Leiognathus bindus,

Zone B Boats

Zone B fish trawlers were monitored at 2 major'fish landing

centres namely Pulau Pangkor, Perak and Batu Maung, Penang.

These boats usually only made daily fishing trips. The overall

average catch per trip recorded for the boats from Pulau Pangkor

(472 kg/trip/boat) was slightly lower than those of Batu Maung

(496 kg/trip/boat). The monthly average catch per trip per boat

at Pulau Pangkor ranged from 269 kg to 1035 kg, while those based

at Batu Maung obtained between 213 kg and 953 kg per trip per

boat. It was also observed that the average catch of trash fish

by the Pulau Pangkor boats was higher than those boats based at

30

Batu Maung. Trash fish contributed to about 50% of the total

catch of the trawlers from Pulau Pangkor compared to around 41%

observed for those boats at Batu Maung.

More pelagic fish were landed by the trawlers from Batu

Maung.

of the

Pelagic fish contributed to about 44% of the total catch

Batu Maung fish trawlers. However, the fish trawlers

based 1n Pulau Pangkor landed more demersal fish than pelagic

fish (45%). Rastrelliger brachysoma was the dominant pelagic

species landed by the Pulau Pangkor and Batu Maung boats. In

addition, significant quantities of Pampus argenteus and

Megalaspis cordylq were also landed by the boats from Batu Maung.

The dominant demersal fish species caught by the trawlers

from both landing centres were Pennahia macrophthalmus, and

Pennahia macrocephalus.

Squids and cuttlefish also constitute an important component

of the total catch of these trawlers from both areas. The bulk

of the squid catch consists of Loligo ~.

Juveniles of commercial fish species formed the bulk of the

trash fish catch of the trawlers from both areas. They

contributed to about 78% and 85% of the trash fish catch obtained

by the trawlers from Pulau Pangkor and Batu Maung respectively.

The dominant species encountered were Pellona~, Trichiurus

haumela, opisthopterus tardoore, Sardinella fimbriata and Alepes

kalla. The true trash fish species commonly found were

Leiognathus bindus, Leiognathus elongatus and lagocephalids.

31

3.1.10 Biological studies on selected demersal fish species.

Length frequency distributions of 7 main species of demersal

fish landed by the trawlers at Rutan Melintang and Batu Maung

were sampled monthly. The data obtained were analysed with

ICLARM's ELEFAN Programme to determine the Loo and K values for

the various species. The species studied at Rutan Melintang were

Nemipterus japonicus, Nemipterus delagoae, Saurida tumbil,

saurida undosguamis and Priacanthus macracanthus, while those at

Batu Maung weie Pennahia macrophthalmus, Pennahia macrocephalus,

Nemipterus japonicus and Saurida tumbil. The results

were as follows:

Hutan Melintang LoO(cm)

Ne_mipteru§. japonicus 39

Nemipterus delagoae 56

Saurida tumbil 42

Saurida undosguamis 35

Priacanthus macracanthus 29

Batu Maung

Pennahia macrophthalmus 33

Pennahia macrocephalus 30

Nemipterus japonicus 30

Saurida tumbil 45

32

obtained

K (yr- 1 )

0.20

0.23

0.40

0.30

0.60

0.50

0.30

0.58

0.30

The K values obtained for 'most of the spec'ies however,

appears to be quite low, except for Priacanthus macracanthus,

Pennahia macrophthalmus and Nemipterus japonicus (from Batu

Maung). The data therefore need to be further analyzed.

3.1.11 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of pa~isade traps (kelongs) in Johor.

The species and size composition, and the weight of the

catches of the kelongs operated off Mersing and southeast of

Johor Baru were monitored from April to october 1991 and from

April 1991 to December 1991 respectively.

The results indicated that the catches obtained by the

kelongs were low compared to the catches by other traditional

fishing gears like drift nets. Pelagic fish species were caught

in greater quantities than demersal fish species. The dominant

species caught by the kelongs operating off Mersing were

Dussumieria hasselti, Stolephorus §QP and Sardinella fimbriata

during spring tides, and ~ hasselti, ~ fimbriata, Stolephorus

~, and Selaroides leptolepis during neap tides. The dominant

species caught by the kelongs operating off Johor Baru however,

were different. The species were Leiognathus and

~ sardinella during spring tides, while during neap tides the

dominant species caught were ~ fimbriata, ~ hassel.ti,

Trichiurus haumela and Leiognathus §QP. The 'average size of

fish caught by the kelongs were small, thus they were of low

commercial value. The bulk of the of the catches landed by the

33

kelongs of Johor Baru were used as feed for the fish cultured in

cages. The majority of the kelongs off Mersing are being used as

guest houses for tourists. The operators of the kelongs off

Johor Baru are also involved in cage and pond fish cultures.

3.1.12 Electrophoretic studies on the taxonomy of prawns, fish and squids.

Renovations to aircondition a small laboratory area was only

completed at the end of the year. Assistance and cooperation

were sought from the Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang

during the year to train the staff in the use of electrophoretic

protein separation techniques for the analyses of fish and prawn

tissues. The studies will be continued in 1992.

3.1.13 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of sotong arus (sepioteuthis lessonia.na) portable traps.

The portable traps were found to be very effective in

~atching Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Each trap was sometimes

capable of trapping up to 27 squids in a day's operation. The

low investment costs and high catches provide the operators with

good incomes.

However, the squids were also found to lay and attach their

eggs to the traps. These eggs were usually thrown back into the

34

sea by the fishermen after retrieving their traps from the sea.

As the eggs probably sink to the sea bottom, it is possible that

eggs covered by bottom sediment will not hatch. This will affect

the recruitment of the squids in the next season. Experiments

carried out showed that the eggs can hatch if they are allowed to

incubate in floating cages. For effective management of the

fishery, the eggs must be allowed to hatch in order to ensure the

recruitment of the squid can be sustained.

3.1.14 Experimental trials with pair trawl net.

The trials were conducted from February to June 1991. The

net was designed for use by fishing boats of 70 GRT and above in

offshore waters. The results of the trials indicated that the

average catch rate of the pair trawl net was only about 1.5 times

J_j..... _.1._ _ ...... _- of a single otter trawl net. Thus the efficiency of the

pair trawl net is lower than 2 single otter trawl nets. The

manoeuverability of the pair trawl net was· also poor as the

distance between the 2 boats is great which makes it difficult to

change course while trawling.

The operation of the pair trawl net in offshore waters is

more difficult and dangerous, especially during rough weather.

The cost for the modification of the existing fishing vessels is

also high. In addition, the breakdown of anyone vessel will

affect the fishing activities the fishing unit. Hence, the pair

trawl as tested out in the fishing trials is considered not

suitable for local t~awlers.

35

3.1.. 15 comparative studies on the efficiency of 2-s.;.a.m.. 4-saam and 6-·seam t:rawl nets.

'l'!:1e comparative studies with the nets could not be

underte_kep dJ}ring -c.he ypar due to the unavailability of a

suitable vessel to operate the fishing gears. However, all th~

nets have been constructed during the year. The studies at sea

with the nets will be conducted in 1992.

3.1.16 Trials with crab traps in the waters of selangor.

The trials were conducted in NOVE!mber/December wi't:h the

cooperation of the fishermen in Bagan Lallang, Selangor. 'l'he aim

of the trial was to determine the suitability of' a foldaole crab

trap in catchina PQXt,!JHUS pgl_~qjGtt~ in Selanqor waters. However {

only 1 fishermen operated the traps during the trials. Th,:>.

averzge catch rate obtained was about 124.2 kg/trap/immersion.

3 .1.17Comparati ve stUdy between the catches with pralft'n trawl net and 2-boat Danish seine net in the coastal waters off Kuala Kurau, Perak.

'I'he study was conducted with a prawn travll n~~t with

K. K. "PELALING" in the 'vaters off Kuala Kurau where the 2--boat

Danish seiners operate. The results indicated that the 2-boat

Danish seines were more efficient and selective. 'rhe average

catch rate of a 2-boat Danish seines fishing unit was 58.2 kg/hr

while that of the prawn trawl net was only 37.4 kg/hr. However,

36

this is to be expected as the size of 2-boat Danish seine net is

much larger than the size of the prawn trawl net used in the

study. The 2-boat Danish seine net was also more selective for

prawns. About 67% of the catch obtained by the 2-boat Danish

seine net was prawns, while the prawns contributed around 37%

towards the catch by the prawn trawl net. Additional trials are

being conducted to verify the above observations.

3.1.18 Monitoring and analysis of fishing trials conducted jointly with the Extension and Education Division of the Department of Fisheries Malaysia.

Trials with 2 fishing gears were conducted during the year

by' the Extension and Education Division of the Department of

Fisheries, Malaysia in cooperation with local fishermen. These

gears were Spiny ~0bster traps (Bubu ud~ng karang) and Red

Snapper set gill nets (Pukat ikan merah). The trials indicated

that the above fishing gears were still not efficient enough to

catch the target species.

3.1.19 trawlers.

study on the design of trawl nets used by offshore

This study was conducted at Batu Maung, Pulau pinang; Hutan

Melintang, Perak; and Kuantan, Pahang. The designs of the trawl

nets used by the large offshore trawlers (70 GRT and above) based

in the above fish landing centres were noted and their efficiency

and performance were calculated.

37

It was observed that the nets used by the trawlers based in

all the above-mentioned landing centres were 2-seam "Balloon"

trawl nets. The trawl nets used by the trawlers based in Batu

Maung and Kuantan are suitable for use at an optimum trawling

speed of 3.0 knots. However the nets used by the trawlers that

are based in Hutan Melintang can be towed at a speed of only

2.5 knots.

The otter-boards used by the trawlers at all the centres

were observed to be smaller than the optimum/appropriate size.

This will result in a reduction of the mouth opening of the net.

However, the design of the nets will provide higher opening at

the mouth of the nets more suited for catching small pelagics.

The disadvantage of the design i.s that the nets will not be

performing at their optimum efficiency.

(b) Aquaculture (Mariculture) Research

3.1. 20 Oyster transplantation and culture

The oyster project carried out with the assistance of the

Bay of Bengal Programme for Fisheries Development (BOBP) made

further progress during the year. Several more coastal villagers

in Batu Lintang, Kedah and in Manjung, Perak have taken to oyster

farming with the technical assistance provided, including the

setting up of a practical, ultraviolet light depuration system at

the farmer's premises. Following market promotion of depurated

38

oysters carried out in the expositions held in conjunction with

the Science and Technology WeeJc, Farmers/Fishennen I s Day both at

state and National levels, there is now a ready market for the

local oysters produced by the farmers.

Of several species of oysters in Malaysia. 2 species viz.

Crassostrea belcheri (found mainly on the west coast) and

iredalei (found so far only on the east coast) are now considered

most suitable for culture, in view of their good growth and

survival, meat quality and market price (approx. $l.OO/piece).

Transplantation of h Jredalei has been successfully carried out.

to a few localities in the west coast, with some spat of this

species already observed in Kg. Telok in Perak and Batu Lintang

in Kedah.

O:llnt.ersp~tfal1 -occurrence was fr.und +".0 bE' r4?l..at<:>d·.:to.. t:-id:::,-l

cycles and salinity fluctuations. The use

tyres as cultch for spat collection and also

grow-out trays helped to reduced the costs

collection and grow-out by up to 70%.

of old motorcycle

for making into

involved in spat

Work also began on the artificial propagation of oysters in

the research hatchery in view of the growing demand for spat

oysters arising from the success of the oyster culture projects,

and the inadequate supply of wild spats. Ripe oysters were

successfully induced to spawn using Serotonin injection but

spawning induction through thermal shock was found to be more

suitable to obtain better quality and more larvae per spawning.

39

The rearing of the fertilised eggs to eyed larvae (for a

period of about 18 days) in the hatchery has been well

established. Mass cultures of selected micro-algae (Chlorella

virginica, Tetrasclmis chuiL Chaetaceros calcitTans, Isochrysis

galbana) were carried out for use in oyster larviculture.

Carbon dioxide was added to the existing air supply system into

the algal culture tanks, to boost algal production and cell

density.

Further work is in progress to develop a suitable method for

transplanting hatchery-produced eyed larvae or seed oysters for

transplantation to culture sites.

The studies were mainly directed at selecting new sites for

transplantation and culture, with the participation of

fisherfolk, with the aim of increasing the area under cockle

culture outside the areas already used by commercial culturists.

Actual transplantations of seed cockles were carried out at

various test sites in Johore, Kedah, Penang, Pahang, Labuan and

Sarawak.

Seed cockles transplanted to experimental ~ites in Sungai

Suluh and Sg. Suluh Kechil in Johore encountered heavy losses due

to predation by gastropods (Murex & Natica).

40

Marketable-size cockles were harvested from the

transplantation carried out at Selat Bagan Nyior, Langkawi,

Kedah. However the harvest produced was relatively small, due

again largely to predation but also poor management.

Transplantations carried out in Penang was more successful

at Sungai Semilang than at Pulau Aman. One plot of 6 hectares at

Sg. Semilang gave a satisfactory harvest of about 3,300 sacks of

cockles while only 209 sacks were obtained from a Pulau Aman plot

of about 9 hectares which encountered heavy predation from

starfish and sea urchins.

Reseeding of cockles at a site in Lekir, Perak was adversely

affected by infringement by trawler boats into the culture area.

l>.sthc ~~~c - of th'c

natural spatfall areas of the cockle, attention needs to be given

towards proper conservation of the affected area.

Transplantation of seed'cockles carried out at Telok Malong,

Pekan, Pahang in May 1991 so far shown encouraging results and is

expected to produce a harvest in 1992.

Seed cockles transplanted to both Labuan and Sarawak

exhibited very slow growth and low survival rates indicating that

the sites selected were unsuitable for cockle culture.

41

3.1.22 Mussel transplantation and culture

Transplantations and culture trials of seed mussels at

different parts of the country were generally successful although

some difficulties were encountered in obtaining seed supply and

in marketing the harvested mussels.

Trial mussel cultures carried out in Kedah showed that the

Pulau Singa site was not suitable for mussel culture due to its

high salinity (33 ppt) , while the sites at Temoyong and Selat

Lubok Chempedak showed good potential.

Mussels transplanted to Penang showed very good growth and

survival. At Gertak Sanggul, from about 500 ropes of seed

mussels, a harvest of about 2 tons has been obtained from 200

ropes ha~vested so faT. remaining30G~~opes-have -st---i-ll

been harvested because of the low price offered ($0.70/kilogram)

to the farmer.

Transplantations carried out in other areas including in

Perak, Selangor, Kelantan and Pahang also generally yielded very

satisfactory results except in Kg. Penor, Pahang where heavy

rainfall drastically reduced the salinity at the trial culture

site during the monsoon. Remarkable success from mussel

transplantation is best shown by the culture trial completed in

Sg. Jarum Mas, Perak where 18.6 tonnes of mussels were produced -

fetching a return of $12,067 - from 600 strings of seed mussels

transplanted.

42

Seed collection trials were carried out in Sg. Muar, Sg.

Rekoh and Masai, Johor and Teluk Mas and Sebatu, Melaka.

Encouraging results were obtained from all these areas especially

from S9. ]'vIuar wheL"€ an ilve::::-ug€ of 20 kg/string of spat

3.0mm) were obtained.

(0.5-

3.1.23 Fish health and disease

Water quality and fish health monitoring at a Lates

cage culture installation showed that the bacterial plate-counts

from waters in the cages to be higher than the counts outside the

cages. Bacteria isolated from the water included Aeromonas,

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, ~ alginolyticus~ Edwardsiella and

Pseudomonas. Vibrio was the most common pathogen isolated from

the tissues (kidney, liver and lesion) of diseased fish.

Cases of fish/prawn mortality in culture installations were

investigated in Batu Maung, Balik Pulau and Kepala Batas in Pulau

Pinang. In Batu Maung it was found that the fish were infected by

Pseudomonas and Vibrio bacteria. In Balik Pulau the fish

mortality was likely due to Vibrio infection. In Kepala Batas

the fish mortality was found to be due to poor water management.

The most common pathogen isolated from diseased fish was

found to be Vibrio although Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were also

isolated. Fungal and protozoan infection (white spot due to

Cryptocaryon irritans) were also found. In almost all cases, it

43

is likely that disease and mortality could be prevented or

considerably reduced through better cuJ.ture management practices.

The research staff also carried out the examination of live

fish/aquatic organisms and fish-keeping premises and the issuance

of Health certificates required for the export of live fish and

aquatic plants to some countries.

3.1.24 Seaweed Culture

Experimental culture of P9~Y~9yer~Q§'Q on the pond bottom was

not successful as the seaweed disintegrated due to the acid­

sulphate condition of the ponds used. However those grmvn on

plastic nets suspended above the pond-bottom achieved a final

between 2.5% to 4.0% a day_

Hydrogen peroxide was used as a bleaching agent in the

processing of Polycavernosa. It 'vas found that the qu.ality of

the agar obtained was not affected.

3.1.25 Offshore Cage Culture.

Based on a joint design proposed by the Department of

Fisheries Malaysia, University of Technology Malaysia and a

private company, the first local prototype offshore cage was

built at a cost of $169,000.00. The structure was scheduled to

be put into operation off Pulau Tiloi in Langkawi in early 1992.

44

In the meantime, two types of offshore cage-farming systems

manufactured in Europe have been selected to be imported for

culture operations in Pulau Langkawi and in Pulau Rhu,

rrc~engganu .

The aim is to determine the appropriate cage system suitable

for offshore seafarming in Malaysia, so as to extend the areas

for coastal aquaculture and also to overcome the problem of fish

mortality in cage-culture installations set up in inshore waters

caused by environmental fluctuations or pollution.

(c) Aquatic Ecology and Pollution Research

3.~.26 study on Artificial Reefs

studies on artificial reefs in Pulau Lembu, Kedah showed

that less fish aggregated in the PVC reef when compared to the

reef made from PVC and concrete. 90% of the surface of the

concrete were covered with oysters but only about 30% of the

surface of the PVC were thus covered.

Monitoring of artificial reefs at Pulau Payar showed that

several species of corals were attached to the surface of the

tyre reefs. Among the species were Monti2ora sp., Porites sp.

and posillopora sp. The number of oysters on concrete reefs was

more than on tyre reefs. Fish found in the tyre and concrete

reefs included several species of serranids, lutjanids and

scolopsids.

45

A survey to determine sites suitable for building

artificial reefs was carried out in the wat·ers off Kelantan and

Terengganu. The criteria used included the nature of the sea

bottom and the hydrographic condition of the area. Altogether 4

sites were found suitable.

3.1. 27 study on the Marine Parks/Coral Reef Ecosystem

Studies on sedimentation including the speed and direction

of the water current in the Pulau Redang Marine Parks were

carried out. Also conducted were an inventory of the various

flora and fauna in the area, and water quality monitoring.

A survey at Pulau Layang-Layang was also carried out. It

was found that coral mortality especially on the inner lagoon was

high. The cause of mortallty COUld ne due 'Co reclamation 'which'

was carried out at the lagoon.

3.1. 28 study on the Seagrass Ecosystem

This project was carried out to determine the extent and

species of seagrass found in Malaysia, and also the the species

of fish larvae found in the seagrass areas. So far, 8 species of

seagrass have been identified while the species and size of fish

larvae found in the seagrass areas are still, being determined.

3.1.29 study on The Mangrove Ecosystem

This project is carried out to determine the abundance of

46

fish larvae especially of the rock cod, Epineph~lus sp. in a

selected Mangrove area. Several sites were visited and the

mangrove area in Kuala Sepetang, Perak, ~as identified to be a

suitable area for the study to be conducted.-

3.1. 30 Shellfish Depuration and Bacteriological studies

A total of 8 depuration runs were carried out in 1991: 5 for

cockles and 3 for oysters. A study to determine the nocturnal

filtration rate of cockles was also carried out. Three samples

of cockles from Jelutong, Kuala Selangor and Kuala Juru and 2

samples of oysters from Thailand and New Zealand were analysed

for coliforms.

Preliminary studies using artificial seawater for the

'depurat.i0n of- c0ckles-gave ~nco~rag~ng ras~lts.- depuration

system seemed to work quite well with oysters but further

research has to be done to determine flow-rate, stocking density

and the number of hours required for the depuration process.

Samples of oysters from Telaga Nenas, Perak; Batu Lintang, Kedah;

Surat Thani, Thailand and New Zealand were tested. The levels

observed were all above the international safety standard of 2.3

MPN faecal coliforms/g.

3.1.31 Monitoring of heavy metals

The heavy metals analysed included zinc, copper, cadmium,

lead, arsenic and mercury. Analyses of oysters taken from

47

Kampung Teluk·and Telaga Nenas, Perak showed that levels for zinc

ranged from 29.5 - 55.7 ppm and for copper from 3.86 - 7.84 ppm.

Analyses for lead and arsenic have to be repeated as results for

standard reference material (bovine liver from the National

Bureau of.Standards U.S.A.) were not satisfactory.

Mussels from Sg. Melayu, Johore were found to have a

slightly higher concentration for all the metal~ analysed. The

values were Zn: 27.8 ppm, Cu: 5.88 ppm. Mussels from Kg. Pasir

Putih had a low heavy metal concentration even though this area

is located near the industrial zone. The values for Zn were 8.7

ppm, Cu l.7 ppm and Pb 0.l8 ppm. The low contamination of

mussels in Kg. Pasir Putih could be due to the fact that the net

current flow which may carry discharge from the industrial area

in Pasir Putih is away from the culture site. The Sg. Melayu

area receives discharges from the township of Johor Bahru and

thus mussels there could have higher levels of heavy metals.

However, the heavy metal levels in mussels from both these places

were within the safe limits for consumption.

3.1.32 Analyses of pesticides in fish and shellfish

Twenty eight samples of fish and shellfish from various

places throughout Malaysia were collected and analysed.

included shrimps, mussels and oysters. Two samples of

analysed were imported from Thailand and New Zealand.

Samples

oysters

All 28

samples showed contamination levels of organochlorine and PCB

residues below the maximum permissible limits of the Swedish

Codex.

48

3.1. 33 Toxicity screening

Toxicity screening was carried out on the insecticide

Cymbush, which was found to be illegally used for poisoning fish

in Slim River, Perak. '2'he result from this study was used as

expert evidence in the Magistrate's Court in Slim River.

3.1. 34 Water Quality Monitoring

A bioassay was carried out to determine t.he water quality at

Batu Maung harbour, Glugor and the Telok Tempoyak seafront. An

analy~is of variance test carried out on the data showed that the

water quality at the different sites was not signific<"lntJ.y

different (P O. Ol) •

f.fonthly monitorinCj of the coastal water quality was carried

out in Pulau Langkawi, Pulau Pinang and Kuala Gula, Perak. The

physicochemical parameters tested were pH, salinity, tempera.ture,

dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen

and total suspended solids. Nitrate was another paramet.er looked

into recently.

In the Langkawi sites sampled, all the water quality

parameters did not show any signi.ficant deterioration. Telok

Burau which purportedly received sewage from a new hotel resort

did not show any significant faecal contamination at the site of

sewage outlet over the 4 months of monitoring. The highest

49

faecal coliform MPN/IOO ml count was 3.4 while the lowest was

<1.8. sungei Bagan Nyior, a cockle and cage culture site on

Pulau Tuba did not show any sign of contamination for all

parameters analysed. The Pulau singa site which used to support.

oyster rafts also showed no sign of contamination; and neither

did Klebang, which used to support a number

under the Bay of Bengal Programme (BOBP).

of oyster rafts

The sampling station located in Telok Kumbar and Batu Maung,

Penang showed mild pollution with BOD ranging between 1.22 to

5.07 ppm and 3.29 to 6.52 ppm respectively.

The water qualitiy at Kuala Gula, Perak showed some

pollution and the possibility of violation of the 1974

Environmental Quality Act~. The BOD taken inune.diately downstream

at the point of discharge (main channel arising from the palm

oil factory) ranged between 1.73-66.40 ppm, and the latter figure

was above the standard of 50ppm. However, this high level was

taken at neap low tide during a heavy downpour. Tt is inferred

that during heavy rain, the oxidation ponds and canals could not

cope with the volume of water and overflowed the ponds/canals.

During such time the river will receive a high organic load that

might affect the fish-cages downstream. The 14 canals arising

from the oil palm estate could also be potential sources for

pesticides which could be flushed out during periods of heavy

rains.

50

3.2 National Prawn Fry Production ~ Research Centre, Kedah

3.2.1 Culture of live food organisms

Further progress was achieved in the mass culture of various

speci-=es of phytopJanktoD such C\S lsochrvsi ssp. f Cha~.:t9sero~

spp. , Tet:r'as.!;.l-m1,.§

controlled algal

sp. and .Skeletonema

rooms. 'rhe plankton

sp. in environmentally

could be obtained in

relatively pure form. As previous experience indicated t,hat

cultures in large concrete tanks (10 -15 ton) were frequently

subject to contamination, the culture outside the algal room is

limited 30- litre and 300-litre cylindrical tanks. Probably as a

result of the shorter culture period involved and that the tanks

are covered to reduce contamination, there has been considerable

improvement in the production of the algae to meet hatchery

requiremen'ts.

Live food culture has also been expanded to include the

culture of Chlorella and t.o some extent Nanochlori~ for the

subsequent culture of rotifers required in crab larviculture.

The pure culture of Chlorella has so far given the best

production of rotifers, giving a cell density of over 600

rotifers/ml in 8 days of culture.

The supply of Chlorella is however nearly always

inadequate. Attempts were therefore made to use sUbstitutes

such as the green water from shrimp/prawn hatchery/nursery tanks,

brewer's yeast, baker's yeast and Spirulina powder as culture

media for rotifers. So far the green water from nursery tanks of

51

marine shrimp proved to be the best sUbstitute for pure culture

of Chlorella" giving a rotifer density of up to 200/ml.

3.2.2 Maturation of the giant tiger shrimp (Penaeu~ ID9nQ90n)

Hatchery operations and development of hatchery technology

at the Centre depend on a regular supply of Penaeu~ i119BOdoQ

spawners which are very expensive if obtained in the gravid stage

from fishermen or from suppliers. As non-gravid female tiger

prawns are relatively .inexpensive and abundant, the Centre

obtains non-gravid broodstock for maturation in the hatchery,

although a small number of gravid females is also often purchased

after a major "breakcycle" to st:art oft the hatchery operation.

For the operation of the Centre, a total of 753 females

(including 81 gravid females that had spawned) were subjected to

u.:i1ilat.sral eye·ustalk Ciblatio.... U::SA}. Slightly ':Jvc.r 60 ~ of rhe

ablated females responded with 654 spawnings. The average

numbers of eggs and nauplii per spawner were 830,000 and 460,000

respectively. These figures compared favourably with the 654,000

eggs and 520,000 nauplii per spawner obtained for wild gravid

females. Close to 85% of the postlarvae of tiger shrimp produced

came from ESA. Quality of eggs, nauplii and postlarvae obtained

from ESA is comparable to that from gravid females collected from

the wild.

There is little difference in the quality of the spawners

obtained from different localities.

from the different parts of the

Terengganu waters.

52

Spawners have been sourced

Malacca straits and off

Some 100 pond grown spawners, with an average weight of 110

gm, were also subjected to ESA. Only 3 responded producing a

total of 847,600 e~gs and 282,000 nauplii. Further research 1S

hatchery broodstock.

3.2.3 Culture of pond grown broodstcck of giant tiger slu'imp

Pond culture of tiger shrimp was carried out in the Ban

Merbuk Substation. The initial rearing of the pond grown

brocdst~ock was rat.her similar to commercial culture operat.ion.

The stocking density was however kept low to encourage faster

'growth. l.tter 4 months of culture, the fast growers were.

selected and transferred to another pond for further culture.

The operation was repeated every 4 months unt.il the Shr-:lLUP

reached an average size of 110gm. They were then broug·Ilt:. to the

Centre at Kg Pulau Sayak for maturation studies.

The culture operation was expensive as th.e culture

duration is long. Also the maturation results obtained with the

pond-raised broodstock so far have been consistently poor. As

adult broodstock from the wild is readily available, production

of pond-raised broodstock is considered to be uneconomic.

3.2.4 Larviculture of marine shrimp

Shrimp larviculture was carried out using a system of 2-ton

fibreglass tanks and another system of larger (5- & lO-ton)

tanks made of concrete with fibreglass lining.

53

In the 2-ton tank system, a higher stocking density (100-150

naupliijL) was used. There was greater dependence for good

quality algae cultured 1n algal room as early larval feed. Though

various combinations of algae were eff~ctiv~. the tlSP of

Chaetoc~ro!:i alone proved to be adequate. Prophylactic treat:ment.

was routinely carried out and included the addition of Treflan

and ant.ibiotics on a regular basis. At.:tempts to operate the

hatchery without the use of antibiotics led to failure of

culture. An average of 60% survival was achieved with a

production of 74 PL2/3 per liter of tank space. Slightly ove:r

9.3 million PL were produced for the year. The work in the old

hatchery was confined to tiger shrimp or £~_ monodon only.

In the 5- & la-ton tank system, a slightly lower stocking

density !a~cund 80 ~~uplii!L) was used. ~here was a ~r~~tAr

dependence on formulated feeds as sUbstitutes for algae during'.

ti.mes of short supply. 'l'he use of better quality algae (from

300-liter tanks as compared to 15-ton tanks previously) and

better formulated feeds had contributed to the production of

better quality fry. A major achievement is, the non-usage of

antibiotics in the hatchery for shrimp larviculture throughout

the year. A survival rate of 52 % was achieved for the tiger

shrimp larviculture with a production of 43 PL3jL. A total of

48.9 million Penaeus monodon fry was produced.

Besides P.

also propagated.

monodon, the banana shrimp ~ merguiensis was

Generally the larviculture of the banana shrimp

54

was much simpler and there' were no major

encountered. Sur'.ri val rates Here much higher - close to 80%.

Over 42.6 million fry were produced.

Apart £roili the 5- and IO-ton tanks, larger tanks of 20-- and

4o-ton capacities were also tested for shrimp larviculture.

Preliminary results inidcated that these tanks produced

comparable results. The use of larger tanks cut down production

routine and was probably more cost effective.

The monthly production of marine shrimp for the year is

presented below:

Mont.h

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

July

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Total

Tiger shrimp

5,030,000

12,800,000

6,707,000

1,406,200

2,561,000

4,682,000

4,653,000

5,908,000

1,156,000

5,515,000

50,418,200

55

Banana Shrimp

4,190,000

1,120,000

17,430,000

2,700,000

4,587,000

7,232,000

3,320,000

5,080,000

10,580,000

2,995,000

1,077,000

60,311,000

Total

9,220,000

13,920,000

24,137,000

4,106,200

7,148,000

11,914,000

7,973,000

10,988,000

11,73~,000

8,510,000

1,077,000

110,729,200

:3.2.5 Larvicul ture of udang galah (!1acrobrachiu.n; KQ§~r.ht,?_~rgiiJ

Production of the freshwater prawn j~veniles was increased

to a new record of 13.8 million. Compared to the figure-of 8.1

million obtained during the previous year, the 1991 production

marked a major achievement. This was all the more remarkable in

V.le-",,· of the =.ack Dt pub.Lic.: fre~,hwat:er supply co \.:.he C,:::l'~Je.

of the cul turE.s were carried out using either rain or \vell vater

which was also not available in sufficient quantity.

Besides continuing the work on the recirculating (closed)

water system, which produced a total of 3.6 millicm juveniles

through 4 larviculture cycles, the static green water system vdth

increased stocking density was given special empha8is in an

attempt to conserve water usage. The larviculture cycles "',ere

carried out with practically no change of wab~r. S·tocking

densities up to 100 larvae fliter of water proved t:o be· viable

with survival rates of 80 percent achievable. Slightly over

10.2 million fry were obtained using the culture system. 'rhe

improvement of the Centre's own compounded larval -F -, .Leea ( SUTI¥J.AL)

contributed greatly towards the larviculture success.

The monthly production figures are given in the following

table.:

56

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

JLln

July

Aug

sept

oct

Nov

Dec

Total

Recirculating close water system

1,516,100

72,100

1,473,000

115,000

402,800

3,579,000

static green water system

1,751,200

490,000

1,801,000

4,094,600

876,000

1,251,800

10,264,600

Total

3,267,300

72,100

1,963,000

1,801,000

4,209,600

402,800

876,000

1,251,800

13,843,600

As a result of freshwater shortage, the ponds at the Centre

could not be used for the maturation of spawners collected from

the wild. All larviculture batches were based on captive

spawners from a commercial farm in Puchong. Larviculture was

apparently easier with these spawners than with wild spawners and

there was hardly any disease problem. The larviculture cycle was

shorter and the fry smaller. More studies however need to be

carried out to determine whether there is any real difference of

these captive spawners with wild spawners.

57

3.2.6 Crab Larviculture

Larviculture of the swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) and

the mud crab (Scylla serrata) was carried out in 1991 to examine

the feasibility of large scale production.

Addition of phytoplankton such as Chaetoceros together with

the rotifers for larval crab feeding increased the survival of

early zoeae. Though frozen Artemia nauplii were taken by the

crab larvae, the combination of rotifer with phytoplankton

provided the best diet. Frozen rotifer was also found to be

inferior. The addition of formulated feed for the early zoeae

did not seem to have any effect on survival or the growth of the

larvae. Stocking density of 20 to 30 larvae/liter appeared to

give best survival. The survival rates obtained were generally

low, and ranged from 0 to slightly over 30% for the swimming crab

and 0 to 20 % for the mud crab. Cannibalism is the major problem

yet to be solved. Although more than 1.5 million young crab

instars (mostly of Portunus pelagicus) were produced in 1991,

the larviculture technique needs to be further refined before

commercial-scale crab larviculture could be considered.

In the case of the mud crab, the lack of berried females was

a limiting factor in the larviculture experiments. Attempts on

induced spawning through the technique of eye-stalk ablation did

not give encouraging results. Though most crab showed signs of

gonadal development after the treatment, regression of gonad

occurred at a later stage.

58

3.1.7 Nursery management and fry distribution

For udang galah, as a result of freshwater shortage and the

fact that the juveniles do not really need a nursery phase before

stocking into the pond, most of the juveniles produced were sent

out as soon as possible after being acclimatized to freshwater.

Small numbers were held back for nursery studies whenever the

freshwater supply situation allowed. The nursery period

attempted ranged from 4 to 18 days and were carried out ln

concrete tanks. The usual routine involved regular change of

water, siphoning of settled wastes and feeding with formulated

feed and artemia. There appeared to be no definite trend over

survival with length of period nursed. Survival rates ranged

from a low 20% for a 6-day period to a maximum of 97 % over 10

days. For the longest nursery period of 18 days, a survival of

79 % was recorded. The initial quality of the fry seems to be

the most important factor determining survival during the nursery

phase.

For the marine shrimp, there was a need for nursing the

post larvae before they could be stocked into culture ponds. The

nursery practices included feeding with Artemia and formulated

feed, regular water exchange, and use of chemical such as Treflan

to prevent fungal infection, and formalin for moulting

difficulty. For the tiger shrimp, a nursery period of up to 15

days was acceptable, with slightly over 40% survival. For

periods of around 30 days, the survival often dropped to around

30%. There is hence a need to further imf' cG)ve the nursery

59

technology to reduce the final cost of production. For the

banana shrimp much higher survival could be obtained.

Nursery attempts for young crab ins tars were most

discouraging. survival dropped from a low 22 % for 16 days to

below 1 % for extended period. Based on results available so

far, it would appear best to release the young crab instars

either into ponds or open water as soon as possible.

The distribution of fry of the various species is presented

below:

Farmers (Purchased)

Farmers (Free)

Open water Release

Others

Total

Freshwater Prawn

51,000

272,000

8,438,600

3,327,300

12,088,900

Tiger Shrimp Banana Shrimp Crab

1,335,000 50,000

3,858,200

4,373,200 46,136,100 708,5

4,383,500 730,000 20,000

13,949,900 46,916,100 728,540 =========================================~===================

The total does not include the extra 20 % given during

packing. The extra fry were given for all purposes other than

open water stocking.

owing to the lack of staff, there was no concerted effort to

monitor result of the large scale release of prawn and crab fry

in the coastal waters. Encouraging feedbacks were however

received from fishermen and local Fisheries Assistants from

specific areas especially from the Larut and Matang District of

60

Perak. For the freshwater prawn fry released in Sungai Muda,

survey carried out indicated that all riverine fishermen

benefited through increased catches of the prawn. Most fishermen

claimed they could differentiate the wild stock from the released

prawn. The prawn released is believed to be of a different

strain or variety. As noted earlier, the spawners were obtained

from the culture ponds of a commercial farm.

3.1.8 Feed formulation

six new commercial shrimp larval feeds were tested against

live feeds and several commercial feeds. Results of larviculture

based on the newly formulated feeds were not consistent, and

varied consistently from run to run. The survival rates were

however always well below those achieved by the use of live food

organisms alone. The 6 feeds tested also did not fare well

against the established commercial brands already availabJe and

which have also been tested earlier by the Centre.

Among the better established commercial larval feeds, it was

observed that attempts to replace 80% of phytoplankton led to

lower survival of the shrimp larvae. In short live microalgae

are still needed for successful shrimp larviculture.

3.1.9 Pathology and water quality studies

The year 1991 saw the successful operation of the

larviculture system using larger (5- & 10-ton) tanks without the

use of antib; tics. It was significant that in terms of

61

percentage survival and number of PL obtained per liter of water,

there was little difference compared to results of the past

years. In the smaller (2-ton) tank larviculture system, where a

much higher stocking density was adopted, the use of antibiotics

was still required to ensure high yields on a consistent basis.

However the use of Chloramphenicol, a chemical banned for use in

animal husbandry in many countries, has been eliminated.

Bacterial infection caused by luminous bacteria, Vibrio sp.

resulted in serious mortality and failure of larviculture during

the month of March/April and also during August. The bacteria

were believed to have come in with the sea water supply. The use

of formalin at 5 - 15 ppm at early stage of infection, and

greater exchange of water, could to some extent control the

problem.

Besides the usual water treatment consisting of

sedimentation and filtration, the use of chlorination, at 5 ppm

of active chlorine overnight, was found to significantly reduce

the contamination problem often encountered in the mass culture

of algae.

3.1.10 Training Programme of the Centre

The training programme of the Centre ensures effective

transfer of technology to the private sector, either directly or

through the extension workers of relevant government agencies.

Altogether 9 formal training courses were offered in the area of

aquaculture. For interested parties with special interests which

62

could not be met by the scheduled courses offered, there 1S an

attachment programme, where the trainees could work in the

hatchery, under the close supervision of a senior officer.

The training courses offered and the number of participants

are listed below:

Courses offered

1. Brackishwater pond culture

2. Cage culture

3. Mussel culture

4. Marine shrimp hatchery operation

No of Session

7

4

4

4

5. Freshwater prawn hatchery operation 2

6. Oyster culture 2

7. Culture of natural food organisms 1

8. Introductory course to aquaculture 1

9. Fish Disease 2

10. Others/Attachment 4

Total

No of Trainees

108

77

47

21

7

24

2

12

26

79

403 ================================================================

One of the sessions on Brackishwater Pond Culture was held

specially for the extension workers of Fisheries Development

Authority, Malaysia, while under MTCP a Shrimp Hatchery Operation

course was reserved for participants from developing countries.

The Introductory Course on Aquaculture and the Fish Disease

Course were held exclusively for Fisheries Assistants of the

Department.

63

3.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Melaka

3.3.1 Breeding of Indigenous Fishes

Following upon the first success in the experimental

breeding of the Temoleh (Probarbus jullieni) at the Centre in

1990, further progress was achieved in 1991. More than 200,000

fertilized eggs were obtained and more than 1.300 fingerlings

were raised from which 300 were restocked into the Perak River.

This marked the first attempt to rehabilitate the stock of

temoleh which is considered an endangered species in Malaysia.

Carp pituitary extract (CPE) and human chorionic

gonadotropin (RCG) were used with partial ovulation of between 30

to 70%. The hatching rate varied from 20-30 to 60-70. The

highest percentage of success was achieved using 250 IU RCG/kg

plus 6 mg/kg CPE.

At the moment, there are about 100 pieces of temoleh

brood stock and further breeding success is expected to produce

more fingerlings for experimental pond culture or river ranching.

Female Kelah (Tor tambroides) broodstock did not reach

maturity in 1991 and although males were already milting, no

spawning attempts could be made. A total of 900 new stock of

sizes 15 - 20 cm were purchased from Kenyir Lake.

3.3.2 Breeding of Exotic Fishes

The project attempted to refine breeding techniques for

large-scale production of fish ft of the major Indian carps

64

(Catla and Rohu) and the Big Head Carp. Limited success was

achieved in the breeding of the Grass Carp, and about 10,000 fry

were produced and stocked at the Agriculture Park in Shah Alam,

Selangor.

3.3.3 Breeding of catfishes

Atttempts were made to crossbreed the African catfish,

Clarias gariepinus with local catfish. Cross breeding between

~. gariepinus and ~. macrocephalus and ~. batrachus were

conducted using HCG with dosages of 3.5 IUjg for exotic catfish

and 4.0 IUjg for local catfish. Reciprocal crosses were carried

out for both species. The results indicated that all crosses were

viable with higher percentage of success for the cross between ~.

gariepinus and ~. macrocephalus when compared to the cross

between ~. gariepinus and ~. batrachus. The percentage of

hatching for the first cross is between 40-60% whereas success

for the second cross is less than 20%. The poor hatching rate for

the second cross is due to the poor gonad quality of ~. batrachus

broodstock.

The hybrids of the cross between female ~. macrocephalus and

male ~. gariepinus resembled more of the ~. macrocephalus in

terms of morphology. Likewise the hybrid between the cross of

female ~. gariepinus and male ~. batrachus resembled more of the

~. gariepinus in terms of morphology. However, the first cross

has greater economic potential due to its close resemblance to

local catfish.

65

Research was also conducted on the induced breeding of Baung

(Mystus nemurus) using LH-RH by comparing the efficacy of one and

two injections. The results of induced breeding using either

single injection or two injections of LH-RH indicated that two

injections of LH-RH was more effective in causing ovulation. The

optimum dosage is 5 + 10 ug/g with time interval of 8 hours

resulted in 60% success. The percentage of hatching was also

better, between 40-50%. Efforts will be intensified to repeat

this experiment to determine the optimum dosage required to

produce high ovulation and hatching rate.

3.3.4 Genetics and Breeding of Tilapia

Research into the genetic selection of the Siamese strain of

the Red Tilapia was continued into 1991. Stocks of the Nile

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the Blue Tilapia (Oreochromis

aureus) were maintained at FFRC.

Growth selection was carried out to select individuals with

superior genes based on growth performance. The study was

performed in 7 fibreglass tanks. Selection pressures of between 3

to 10% were applied. Efforts to mass-produce 'super-growers'

scheduled for 1991 have to be abandoned due to insufficient

number of broodstocks.

Colour selection was continued to maintain a high percentage

of red colour tilapia fry. The percentage of red tilapia fry from

the fry-production ponds was about 99%. For the experimental

fibregl tanks, 100% red was maintained. The intensity of the

66

red colour was observed to have improved over the years. However,

redness needs to be quantified in terms of chromatophore density.

More data points for individuals of standard lengths between

170mm and 315mm have been obtained through sampling done on fish

for culture experiments under the pond-culture project. The table

will be used to select individuals with superior morphological

characteristics in the future. The following mathematical

relationships were found to be highly significant In estimating

the head length (h), body depth (d), and weight (w), with respect

to standard length (1):

h = d w

0.272 + 0.312 1 0.325 11.092 0.272 1 3 . 128

= 0.953) = 0.990)

0.997)

A total of 243,821 red Tilapia fry of the Siamese strain was

distributed to farmers, both for pond and cage culture, and to

universities, schools etc.

3.3.5 Breeding and Culture of Ornamental Fishes

Efforts were continued to collect as many ornamental fish

species as possible for breeding. Much effort was devoted to

developing the proper facilities to cater for the breeding of the

various species already collected which represent about 10

families of fish.

Breeding of Discus (symphisodon aeguifasciatus)

There are 4 varieties of Discus: brown, brilliant turquoise,

cobalt turquoise and hi-body high-fin. Of these, 2 pairs of

67

brilliant turquoise brooders spawned naturally in the tanks. The

'old water technique' at 27°C proved to have a possitive effect

on the ovulation. Each pair produced about 200-250 eggs with

percentage success of 50-60% and hatching rate of between 40-50%.

The incubation period is about 60-65 hours and the yolk-sac

became fully absorbed within 3 days. This fish shows great

parental care towards the youngs. Beginning from the fourth day

old when they started feeding, the hatchlings would adhere to the

parents body and apparently feeding on the body slime of the

parent until they are about 3-4 weeks old. After this, they were

fed with live feed such as Moina sp. but still in the parental

care of the parent.

culture trial of Golden Arowana (Sclerophages formosus)

The 19 Golden Arowana specimens kept at this Centre are now

about I-year old. They are now about 30-35 cm long. There is a

slight tinge of golden colouration which is slowly developing

indicative of the positive colour development of a Golden

Arowana.

culture trial of Kalui sabah (Osphronemus goramy)

stock of this species is maintained in the ponds as well as

in the tank. The growth rate appeared to be much better in the

ponds than in the tank. This is as expected as there is more

natural food in the pond to supplement the diet. The fish are now

about one year old and have attained between 20-25 cm in length.

culture trial of Lampam sungai (Puntius schwanenfeldii)

The stocks of this Puntius are now being reared in an 0.1

68

acre pond. They were fed with formulated diet containing 30%

crude protein and were also supplemented by giving Macrobrachium

lenchesterii, a commonly found dwarf freshwater prawns in the

ponds.

3.3.6 Pond culture of red Tilapia

The mixed culture of red tilapia in ponds utilizing siakap

(Lates calcarifer) to control over-crowding arising from the

natural breeding of the tilapia indicated that the siakap was

successful in consuming the recruiting young tilapia, resulting

in saving on the diet and increased yield from the siakap. The

survival of red tilapia was recorded at 79-82% with average

weight of between 365 to 390 g in two ponds. The survival of

siakap was also quite good, between 30.4-45% with size ranged

from 390 to 420 g. The feed conversion of 1.92 and 1.85 with the

siakap were far better when compared to normal mixed-sex culture

ponds without siakap with values of 2.4 and above based on

marketable fish only. But this is still higher than those of

mono-sex culture ponds which have FeR values of about 1.54 to

1.65 for all-male culture , and 1.6 to 1.76 in all-female

culture.

3.3.7 Pond culture of udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

The culture trial of udang galah in 1991 was interupted by

the water shortage which occurred in the beginning of the year.

However some experiments were ~ot affected especially the

nursing of prawn juveniles.

69

The use of a biological filter helped to improve the water

quality of the rearing water by increasing the content of

dissolved oxygen and reducing the content of toxic ammonia in the

water.

The nursing of prawn juveniles in nursery pond at a stocking

density of 33.9/m2 did not yield good survival. The survival rate

recorded was only 32%. Management system was at optimum in terms

of water quality anf feeding regime. However, the presence of

predators such as the snakehead, catfish, marbled goby, swamp

eel, monitor lizard and even birds accounted for the low survival

rate.

3.3.8 Culture of live-feed

Attempts to mass-culture organisms such as infusoria,

tubifex, Moina, rotifers and bloodworms

fertilizers (TMRL and NPK) were carried

using

out in

two types of

experimental

tanks. Encouraging results were obtained in the mass culture

using NPK as fertilizer.

Some success was also achieved in the culture of Daphnia

sp., a cladoceran brought back from Belgium. Culture media used

included green water and crushed soya bean meal. The growth

recorded was quite favourable. Efforts were being made to

determine the fecundity and the offsprings from one pair of

broodstock.

70

3.3.9 Fish Nutrition

Two experiments were conducted to determine the growth rate

of siakap and marbled goby in tanks in order to establish the

suitability of live feed for culture either in ponds or cages.

Siakap fingerlings were cultured in tanks and fed with live

udang gantung (Macrobrachium lancesterii). The results indicated

that the growth rate was highest when fed at a feeding rate of

15% body weight per day, and lowest when fed at 5% body weight.

However the presence of of some excess live prawns in the 15%

body weight fed tanks indicated that 15% is far too much for a

day's requirement. The optimal requirement would probably be in

the range of about 12%. The survival in all the tanks was 100%.

In the trial using udang gantung to feed marbled goby, it

was found that the growth rate of the marbled goby was extremely

slow even when fed ad libitllm.

3.3.10 Fish disease diagnosis and control

Research on fish disease was concentrated on the treatment

of metacercarial digene

examination of aquarium

quarantine programme.

in Colossoma fry,

fishes for possible

screening

diseases,

and

and

Copper sulphate was tested for controlling metacercarial

digene in Colossoma. The experiment was conducted in 0.004-ha

ponds with only one treatment using CuS04 at 0.05 ppm. One

hundred piece~ of the infected fry with average weight of 3-4 g

71

were introduced into each pond. Samples were examined monthly for

metacercarial digene on the gills and the weights were also

recorded. The results showed that cuS04 was effective in

controlling the spread of metacercarial digene in the pond, but

the growth rate was impeded particularly for the first month. The

mean weight of Colossoma in treated pond was 97.7g while that of

the control was 153g.

Only a few species of aquarium fish at the moment are having

disease problems, V1Z. Discus and Angel fish. Most of the

pathogenic organisms are parasites and bacteria which could be

treated and controlled.

The following are a number of diseases encountered which

were diagnosed and treated:

Fish species

Zibra deneo

Angel sp.

Discus sp.

symptoms/Disease

moribund - Epistylis

moribund with inflammation at caudal fin and scaling off - Monogene and fin rot

i) moribund and skin becoming darker

ii) moribund and white spot

iii) abnormal colouration of skin - Monogene

Drug/Dosage

Formalin (25 ppm)

Tetracycline (10 ppm) + Dipterex (0.25 ppm)

Formalin (15 ppm)

Malachite green (0.01 ppm)

Dipterex (0.25 ppm)

Quarantine measures were only taken on fishes prior to

distribution or on fishes introduced from outside into the

Centre.

72

Fish species Disease problems and condition

Hampala macrolepidota (Air Kuning, Bukit Cahaya)

~. idellus (grass carp) (FFRC)

£. schwanenfeldii (Aquarium fish)

£. gonionotus (FFRC)

Inflammation at basal fins (Epistylis)

Trichodina sp.

Epistylis and Argulus sp.

Trichodina/ Digene

3.3.11 study of impoundments/reservoirs

within the framework of the ASEAN-EC Aquaculture Development

and Coordination Programme (AADCP) Component 2, FFRC was given

the task of carrying out a comprehensive study of reservoirs in

Malaysia, with the view to fishery development and enhancement,

along with cage culture development.

A programme of regular studies which began in September

1990, was continued through 1991. Fish samplings and limnological

samplings were carried out monthly in two reservoirs, viz. Kenyir

and Semenyih. Sampling data were recorded and stored for future

analysis. Data for stock assesment was obtained by District

Fisheries Assistants.

From the fish sampling data collected so far, it indicated

that the major species in Kenyir are Puntius schwanenfeldii,

Hampala macrolepidota, Mystus nemurus, Chela anomalura,

73

Mystacoleucus marginatus, Labiobarbus

Cyclocheilichthys apogon. However, in semenyih,

(N· marginatus) is dominant.

fest iva and

only one species

The water quality parameters recorded so far still indicate

that both reservoirs are very oligotrophic. Measurements of

productivity have however not yet been carried out.

3.3.12 National Agriculture park, Shah Alam

studies on the 4 impoundments at the Park (Taman Pertanian

Negara) in Shah Alam were continued in 1991. The studies include

water quality, fish fry release and cage culture trial.

Water samples were collected and analysed on a monthly

basis. The values obtained were not significantly different

among all the four stations. Only alkalinity, conductivity and

Secchi

between

disc

the

readings showed significant

four stations sampled.

different (P< 0.05)

By comparison, Danau

Perikanan is clearly more productive than the other 3 water

bodies, based on the alkalinity value (31.32 mg/l) which was much

higher than in the other 3 impoundments. Water transparency,

measured by the Secchi disc reading in the Danau was found to be

the lowest among the 3 impoundments. The pH values of the 4

impoundments has shown a positive trend towards neutrality. The

ammonia levels, although increased, are still within safe levels

for fish life.

The results of the cage culture conducted ln Empangan Sg.

8aru showed that the growth ra ~ for most of the fishes cultured

74

in the cages was quite encouraging. This is particularly so for

Colossoma and ~. gariepinus which recorded a growth rate of more

than 4 g a day. Pellets were fed to the cultured fish. The FCR

values observed however were quite high, as not all the pellets

could be eaten by fish kept in floating cages.

A total of 68,305 fish fry were released into three

impoundments viz. Danau, Sg. Baru and in the cages. A total of

19,938 were released into the Danau, 41,963 into Sg. Baru, and

6,404 into the cages. The species released are Colossoma sp., Red

Tilapia, Labeo rohita, £. sutchi, ~. calcarifer, ~. hoevenii,

silver carp, grass carp, ~. gariepinus, hybrid catfish and £.

jullienii (Temoleh). The fish released were monitored through

periodic sampling using gill nets.

3.3.13 water Quality

From analyses of water samples from the Melaka river taken

at nine stations along the river, it was found that the upper

part of the river - from Kuala Sg. Putat up to the MARDEC factory

showed high levels for ammonia and low levels for dissolved

oxygen, indicating that effluents from these locations are the

sources of organic pollution.

It was observed that the water quality at the Batu Berendam

water intake point did not change very much for parameters such

as ammonia and iron content. Water quality in the Centre's

ponds was generally suitable for fish/prawn culture throughout

the year.

75

3.4 Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johore

3.4.1 Pond culture of Penaeus monodon and ~. merguiensis

Twenty experimental culture batches (10 each on the tiger

prawn and the banana prawn) were planned but only 5

culture batches (4 for tiger prawn and 1 for banana prawn) were

successfully carried out during 1991.

Between 873 to 1065kg/O.25 ha of tiger prawns were produced

from 2 trials using ponds with sandy substratum compared with 530

to 946kg/O.25 ha in ponds with a muddy substratum.

The 6 extensive culture trials conducted on the tiger

prawn (3 with extensive feed developed by the Centre and 3 with

only natural food in the ponds) with a stocking density of 5/M2

and using 0.5 ha to 1 ha ponds could not be satisfactorily

carried out because the supply of extensive feeds could not be

supplied in sufficient quantity by the registered supplier.

Despite the irregular supply of feed some results were obtained

and the harvests obtained range from 5 to 219 kg/ ha.

Eight semi-intensive culture trials on the banana prawn were

carried out In 0.25 ha ponds using GP-5 and also a commercial

feed. In the first trial the feed produced by the Centre yielded

between 37 kg/0.25 ha to 51 kg/0.25 ha (mean 44kg/0.25 ha) and a

survival rate between 12 and 18% (mean 14.5%) for a culture

period of between 80 to 81 days while the commercial feed

returned a reasonably higher yield of between 71kg/0.25 ha and

155 kg/0.25 ha (mean 113 kg/0.25) for a culture period of

76

between 92 to 97 days. However, the second trial using GP-5 could

not be carried out because the supplier could not supply the feed

on time and the trial had to be aborted.

One of the 2 culture trials on the banana prawn carried

out in 0.5 ha ponds and using a stocking density of 20/M2 and

using the formulated feed for the banana prawn produced by the

Centre, returned a far better yield of 360 kg/0.5 ha of banana

prawn for a culture period of 103 days. The higher survival rate

obtained in the culture of the banana prawn could be due to the

improved feed produced by the Centre and also on the better

quality postlarvae obtained from a private hatchery in Johor

instead of from PPPBUK.

Field trials on the culture of the tiger prawn

conducted with private farmers showed significantly higher yield

(between 880 kg to 1131 kg/0.3ha per cycle of 90-100 days) when

the combination of pumping and tidal system of pond management

was used as against 530kg to 670kg/0.3ha over the same period of

culture using the tidal system. The feed conversion ratio (FCR)

was 1.6 for the combination of pumping and tidal system as

against 1.8-2.0 for the tidal system. Survival rate for the tidal

system was between 48.2% to 62.5% where as in the case of pumping

and tidal exchange it was between 82.8-89.9%. Generally, the

production figure was generally higher for cultures where the

stocking density per metre square was 20/M2 .

77

3.4.2 Nursery of the giant seaperch (Lates calcarifer) and the culture of the red tilapia (Oreochromis sp).

In the nursery culture of the giant seaperch using raceways,

some improvements in the survival rate were observed. From the 5

trials conducted the survival rates obtained ranged from 8.9% to

82.5% and the mean was 33%. Some 14,422 fry of 5-7cm were

produced and they were distributed to fish culturists in Gelang

Patah. Generally, higher survival rates were obtained when

stocking densities of between 2500-3000 fry/raceway were used.

This is in agreement with better management as well as better

water quality in the raceways. Further trials with higher

stocking densities (5000-6000 fry/raceway of 1 tonne holding

capacity) would be carried out during 1992.

Culture trials on the red tilapia in brackishwater ponds

with the aim of improving production and reducing cost were

launched towards the end of 1991 using a stocking density of

10/M2 . Results at hand showed that growth was quite encouraging.

Salinity tolerance of the African Catfish (Clarias

gariepinus) was successfully conducted in aquarium tanks. Results

showed that this catfish could not tolerate salinity of more

than 10 ppt and thus is not suitable for culture in the Centre.

3.4.3 Feed formulation Unit

Tests conducted in aquarium tanks to determine the protein

requirements of the banana prawn using pure diet with different

protein levels (%) over a period of 4 weeks showed that a diet

78

with a protein level of 40% gave the highest increase in weight

compared with diets of lower or higher protein levels.

Feed trials conducted to verify the role of the green alga

(Enteromorpha sp.) on the growth of the banana prawn in aquarium

tanks showed that the increase in weight was more apparent when

the prawns were given a diet of formulated feed (Chuen Seng) plus

the green alga. Prawns which were only given the formulated diet

or only the green alga gave poorer results.

The formulated feed produced by the Centre was found to be

suitable for the banana prawn and this was verified in one of the

two grow-out trials conducted on the banana prawn. Some 360

kg/O.S ha were produced and a survival rate of 38.2% was

obtained. However, the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) obtained was

4.73. More grow-out trials will be carried out to verify the

effectiveness of the formulated feed produced by the Centre for

the banana prawn.

Preliminary results from tests carried out in aquarium tanks

showed that the feeding rate of the banana prawn was highest

(4.3%) when the body weight of the prawn was 2.0 gm. Feeding

rate appears to decline with increasing body weight. Further

tests will be conducted to confirm the above observation.

3.4.4 Pond Management unit.

This unit carried out the pond operations and management of

the fish and prawn exp~rimental cultures.

79

3.4.5 Pond and River Chemistry unit.

Generally, no serious water quality problems were detected

in the ponds. In both the Sg. Gelang Patah and Sg. Pulai rivers

also no serious pollution was detected during the year.

3.4.6 Engineering and Transfer of Technology unit.

Results of studies conducted on pond designs at Kg.

Gelang Patah further confirmed that the combination of

and tidal system of culture was far superior compared

Ladang,

pumping

to the

tidal system. The combination of pumping and tidal system could

produce tiger prawns between 880-1131kgjO.3ha as against 530 kg

to 670 kgjO.3ha in the tidal system. The FeR for the combination

of pumping and tidal was 1.6 as against 1.8-2.0 for the tidal

system.

Grow-out trials conducted on the tiger prawn on sandy

bottomed ponds and muddy bottomed ponds (0.25 ha) using a

stocking density of 201M2 showed that the former could produce on

an average 31% higher yield than the muddy bottomed ponds. The

most obvious difference observed was that the prawns cultured in

sandy bottomed pond were cleaner and brighter. The growth rate of

prawns cultured in muddy bottomed ponds was however better during

the early part of the culture and this is believed to be due to

the natural food found in such ponds.

80

3.5 Marine Fish Resource Research Centre. Terenqqanu

Marine Fish Assessment Programme

3.5.1 squid migration in Terengganu waters

Of a total of 141 Loligo duvaucelli tagged in May 1991 at

Pulau Perhentian, Pulau Kapas and Rantau Abang, only 2 were

recaptured. Initial observations showed that the squid were

active after being tagged with the plastic tags. This project

will be continued in 1992 because of the insufficient number of

squids tagged IN 1991.

3.5.2 Design and modification of fishing gear

A study on a pu~se seine with 2 cod ends was conducted from

May till October 1991 with the cooperation of local fishermen.

The study had to be stopped in October 1991 with the onset of the

monsoon. Preliminary observations showed that it was feasible to

use this gear.

3.5.3 Landings and composition of demersal fish

The implementation of this project was postponed to 1992

owing to a shortaqe of staff.

3.5.4 Payaos for recreation at pulau Redang

Four units of pontoons with 3 different types of luring

materials i.e. plastic strips, coconut leaves and leaves of the

"gelang" tree were launched in September 1991. Aggregation of

81

pelagic fish was faster around the coconut leaves.· The main

species aggregated were ikan cincaru, ikan tamban and ikan

tenggiri. Some demersal fish like ikan merah were seen around

these payaos.

3.5.5 Recreational fish resources

A few species of fish were identified as suitable for sports

fishing. These included the black marlin (Makaira indica), blue

marlin (~ mazara) and the sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus)

which are caught by hook and line fishermen of Terengganu.

3.5.6 Pelagic fish landings

The landings of small tuna by trollers at Pulau Kambing in

1991 decreased as compared to the landings in 1990. The landings

recorded were 26.1 tonnes and 20.1 tonnes in 1990 and 1991

respectively. This decrease in landings could be due to

fishermen switching to using purse seines. Competition from deep

sea purse seines could also cause the decline in the landings of

the trollers.

Fisheries Oceanography programme

3.5.7 Analysis of imageries in remote sensing

A proposal was made to purchase the equipment for the

processing of imageries. A few imageries from NOAA were

processed at the National Remote Sensing Centre (MACRES), Kuala

Lumpur to study sea surface temperature in the South China Sea

and its correlation with fish distribution and abundance.

82

Resource Development Programme

3.5.8 Building of a prototype reef for squids

Three prototype designs viz. Tukun Ketupat, Tukun Torak and

Tukun Cumit were built in 1991. These will be launched in 1992

in the waters of Jambu Bongkok. The site selected is about 12m

deep and is a spawning area for squids.

3.5.9 Assessment of reef fish resources

At the concrete reef monitored at Kuala Ibai, preliminary

observations showed that local fishermen using hooks and lines

caught more ikan kunyit (Lutjanus sp.) in the morning while more

ikan kekacang (Sphyraena sp.) were caught in the evening.

At the PVC reef at Pulau Perhentian, ikan kerisi (Nemioterus

sp.) was the dominant species caught. It was also observed that

this reef was effective in attracting fish since there was an

increase in the number of fish species around the PVC reef.

Resource Conservation programme

3.5.10 Migration of the leatherback turtle

In 1991, 2 units of PTT were ordered from TOYOCOM, Japan

after the units bought from DSIR, New Zealand did not perform as

expected. This project was reviewed and it was found necessary

that the behaviour of the turtle harnessed with the PTT should be

observed before it was released. A cage 10m long by 10m wide by

15m deep was built and on 2 September 1991, a leathery back

83

turtle was caught and put into the cage." Since the PTT had not

arrived on time, observations were made on the behaviour of the

turtle kept in captivity. Observations showed that the design of

the cage was not suitable and the turtle swam only at the water

surface but did not dive. This was because of stress, so the

turtle was released.

An attempt was made to design a suitable harness for the

turtle. The project will be continued in 1992 but the use of the

PTT will still be limited to depths <200m since the present PTT

cannot withstand the pressure at depths >200m.

3.5.11 Turtle tagging

The leatherback turtles were tagged using titanium tags from

AUstralia for the second consecutive year in 1991. In 1991, 31

turtles were tagged as compared to only 28 in 1990. In 1991 too,

turtles from Sura and Paka in Dungun District, outside the

sanctuary at Rantau Abang, were tagged for the first time.

From the above tagging experiments, it was seen that

leathery turtles nested 1 - 8 times in a season at Rantau Abang.

At Sura the turtle nested 1 - 5 times while at Paka 2 4

nestings were observed. This gave an average number of nestings

at 3.8, 2.4 and 2.7 times respectively at Rantau Abang, Sura and

Paka.

The inter-nesting period ranged from 8 - 29 days for the

turtles that nested at Rantau Abang, but the majority of them

showed an inter-nesting period of 9 - 10 days. At Sura and Paka

the inter-nesting period ranged from 8 - 11 days.

84

Out of a total of 31 turtles tagged at Rantau Abang, 25 (or

80.6%) returned. At Sura 3 out of 5 (or 60%) that were tagged

returned, while at Paka 2 out of 3 that were tagged (or 66.7%)

returned. It can be seen that a high percentage of tagged

leathery backs tagged at Rantau Abang returned. In 1966 it was

reported that 60.2% of the leathery backs that were tagged

returned.

No conclusions could yet be made as to when tagged turtles

would return for the next nesting season. However it was

hypothesised that tagged leathery turtles would return after 2

years. If this was correct, then the turtles tagged in 1990 will

be expected to return in 1992.

It was also observed that the tagged leathery turtles

returned to the same nesting site. Those tagged at Rantau Abang

returned to nest at Rantau Abang but not at Sura or Paka.

3.5.12 Rearing of young leatherback turtles

This project was continued from 1990. Of the 18 leatherback

hatchlings from 1990, 5 survived. By the end of 1991, an average

weight of 16kg was reported. The turtles grew from 6cm to 55.8cm

total carapace length.

It was also observed that the growth slowed down towards the

end of 1991. This was attributed to the poor quality of water

for rearing. This had stressed the turtles and caused anorexia

and asphyxia that weakened them. Some abnormal tissue growth was

85

also observed on them. The turtles had to be given antibiotics·

and vitamins.

Thirteen hatchlings from 1991 that were nursed at Rantau

Abang started dying at 45 days and by 74 days all had died. The

post mortem that was performed showed that these turtles died

from dehydration, focal necrosis and septicaemia. The possible

root cause of this was the poor quality of water for rearing.

From the above experiments it can be said that although

rearing leatherback turtles in captivity is difficult, some of

the difficulties have been overcome. The important factors that

need to be taken into consideration are food, food quality and

how the food is given; size, type and design of tanks for

rearing; water quality for rearing and treatment of disorders and

nursing.

3.5.13 Monitoring of turtle population

The total number of turtle landings in Peninsular Malaysia

shows a declining trend. In Terengganu the green turtle,

Chelonia mydas, has however shown an increase. In 1990, 1,161

landings were recorded while in 1991, 5,311 landings were

reported. The reasons for this increase are still not known.

Resource Ecology Programme

3.5.14 Monitoring of the sedimentation process at Pulau Redang

A study to monitor the process of sedimentation in 5

locations in Pul Pinang and Pulau Redang began in 1991. This

86

was done with a view to study the possible change ln the coral

and algal communities caused by sedimentation.

3.5.15 Monitoring sedimentation using radioactive substances

This study was conducted to show the effects of

sedimentation as a result of development on Pulau Redang.

PUSPATI was consulted and as an initial step, the direction of

flow of the water and current at the Redang estuary was studied.

with this, the point for the introduction of radioactive gold,

which has a half-life of 5 days, was determined.

Special Programme

3.5.16 ADB reef project - PVC reef at Pulau Perhentian

One hundred PVC reef modules were built in March 1991 and

after 4 months, 100% coverage was observed. The main organisms

seen were barnacles and pteria penguin. 6 months after the

launching, soft corals (Dendronephthya), covered 10% of the area

and 25 species of fish were identified around this reef. The

dominant species of fish was Lutjanus lutjanus.

3.5.17 ADB reef project - Recreational reef at Pulau Tioman

This project was started in November 1991.

measuring 1m were built for launching in 1992.

72 cuboid units

3.5.18 ADB reef project - spiny lobster reef at Pulau Redang

The building of these reefs was completed in October 1991.

Three designs which were based on the natural habitat of spiny

lobsters around Pulau Redang were used. These reefs will be

launched in 1992.

87

3.6 Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Sarawak

3.6.1 Demersal Fish Survey In The 12-30 Nautical Miles waters off Sarawak

The survey period was from the 5 April to 20 May 1991 and

the whole study consisted of 3 sea trips. The first trip was

from the 5 to 9 April, the second trip lasted from 25 to 30 April

while the final trip was from 16 to 20 May. This was the first

survey of this area since 1983. K. K. Manchong was deployed for

this survey and a newly designed trawl net fitted with the

"rubber disc ground rope" was used successfully. The total catch

was noted for each haul and sorted into trash fish and

commercial fish. The species caught were identified and length

and weight frequencies of the main species were taken.

The total catch rate ranged from 21.93 kgjhr to 465.85

kg/hr. Generally the catch rate was higher in the northern region

of Sarawak waters. Trash fish composition of the total

catch/haul ranged from about 1% to 75% and the average for the

whole survey was 43%. The main species caught included

nemipterids, sciaenids and carangids. It was also found that the

untrawlable grounds were good fishing grounds for handlines.

Much of the grounds were undulating and had corals strewn.

3.6.2 Experimental Fishing survey for Tuna Around Pulau Layang­Layang Using Troll Lines and Fish Aggregating Devices

This survey was carried out using K.K. Manchong from the 10

20 July 1991 in the waters off Pulau Layang-Layang;

specifically in the vicinity of North Luconia Shoals, Louisa Reef

88

and Swallow Reef. Twenty-five Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs)

were set up by a commercial fishing vessel from Labuan about 4

years ago. This vessel was fitted with sonar and echo sounders

which were used to detect the fish that had aggregated around the

FADs. Troll lines were then operated around the FADs to sample

the species of tuna. The tuna caught were measured and weighed.

The stomach contents and the gonads were examined.

The search for the 25 FADs proved rather futile as none

could be located. However one FAD, believed to be owned by

foreigners, was found not far from Pulau Layang-Layang. In the

trolling operation a catch rate of 3.2 kg/hr/troll line was

obtained. Three tails of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)

weighing an average of 0.53 kg/tail were caught. The stomach

contents revealed that 50% consisted of Sguilla mantis, 20% were

small fish, 20% were small prawns and the rest consisted of 10%

of other organisms.

The most common tuna caught around the FADs was the

yellowfin, Thunnus albacares. It was also observed that FADs

would be lost if not maintained and repaired.

In the lagoon, a group of divers and scientists carried out

a systematic inventory of the coral reefs identifying the

species, the type of coral fishes and the extent of damage due to

the excavation of the lagoon for the construction of an airstrip.

Not less than 17 species of corals were identified and the most

abundant was Acropora followed by Milleoora, Favia, Stylopora,

Porites and Galexia. The density of corals at the reefs was

89

estimated to be up to 40%. Of this about 45% were dead corals.

Among the most common coral fish found around Pulau Layang-Layang

were Lineolatus~, Acanthopagnus berda, Epinephelus arcolatus,

Pomacanthus imperator, Apagon nagripinnus, Anchus cornutus,

Abudefduf bengalensis, Chaetodon adieagastor and Lo vulpences.

3.6.3 Demersal Fish survey In The 12-30 Nautical Miles waters Off The west Coast of Sabah

The survey period was from the 7 to 21 September and the

survey area was between the Saracen Bank in the south and Emerald

Shoals in the north. The seabed here is relatively flat with a

mixture of sandy to soft coral bottom and the sea depth ranges

from 60-150 metres. The area to be sampled covered an estimated

950 sq km. The su~~ey duration was 15 days where 30 trawling

hauls were expected to be carried out. Each haul was of I-hour

duration. The catch was sorted out into commercial and trash

fish. These were weighed and composition of the catch was

determined. The gonads of Pristipomoides typus, Lutjanus johni

and Lutjanus malabaricus were examined. Due to unfavourable

weather conditions (wind speed between 15-25 knots with 2-3

metres swells) the study could not be completed.

The overall catch rate was estimated at 360 kg/hr (trash 179

kg/hr and commercial 181 kg/hr). The highest catch rate was 781

kg/hr and the lowest was 43.7 kg/hr. The mean catch ratio of

commercial to trash fish was estimated at 2 to 1 or 67% of total

90

catch consisted of commercial fish. The 10 most dominant species

of commercial fish found in this area were:-

Species

1. Oecapterus spp 2. Nemipterus spp 3. Ariomma spp 4. Saurida spp 5. Lutjanus spp 6. Priacanthus spp 7. Cuttlefish + squid 8. Pristipomoides 9. Sharks & Rays 10. Catfishes

1 of total catch

25.20 15.58 12.55 9.64 6.94 6.85 6.15 4.72 3.06 1. 78

The minimum and maximum catch rates for trash fish were 13

kg/hr and 576 kg/hr respectively. Juveniles of commercially

important fishes were categorized as trash fish.

The five most dominant species of trash fish found during

the survey off the west coast of Sabah were:-

Species ! of total catch

1. Pentaprion spp 59.08 2. Upeneus spp 11. 35 3. Nemipterus spp 7.02 4. Monacanthus spp 6.96 5. Oecapterus spp 3.18

The catch rates obtained in this survey were not comparable

to the catch rates obtained from the survey conducted off the

west coast of Sabah in 1972 by Mohd. Shaari (1976) who reported

catch rates ranging between 450-550 kg/hr. However, the 1972

survey was carried out in the water between 10-60 meters deep

whereas this present survey was in the area of 60-150 meters

deep.

91

3.6.4 The study of Tuna Landings and Tuna Biology in Mukah, Sarawak

This study was a continuation of a similar project conducted

in this area from previous year. The study was based on fish

lengthg frequency data collected from drift-netters and troll

line operators in Mukah. Fishing intensity was observed to be

linked to the dark phase of the moon and sampling was carried out

during this period. The catches were sorted by species and size.

The fork length was measured and the weight was taken for all

individual fish landed. The stomach contents were analysed.

The length frequency data were processed and analysed using the

PC-based Compleat ELEFAN programme.

There are four species of neretic tuna landed in Mukah

namely: frigate tuna (Auxis thazard), kawakawa (Euthvnnus

affinis), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and longtail tuna

(Thunnus tonggol). There was a high frequency of fish in the

27 to 36 cm length range caught by both gears. The length

frequency data set for Euthynnus affinis caught by troll lines

were adjusted to obtain the probabilities of capture. The length

at first capture was calculated at 25.69 cm; while the biological

relative yield per recruit isopleths for Euthynnus affinis show

that at the current size of entry to the fishery and with the

same effort level, the fishery is under-exploited.

This study showed that the kawakawa in Sarawak waters were

caught in their immature stage. If this situation is allowed to

persist it could lead to a reduction of the stock. The tuna

92

fishing grounds in Sarawak are probably the recruitment or

nursery areas of the fish. The relative yield per recruit

model for Euthynnus affinis suggested that the effort can be

increased

indicated

exploited.

to obtain better catch. The preliminary results also

that the tuna fishery in Sarawak is still under

3.6.5 The Survey of Prawn Resources in the Kuching Bay, Sarawak

Kuching Bay, the body of water from Tg. Datuk to Tg. Sirik,

is rich in prawn resources and in fact is the main fishing ground

for the prawn fishery in Sarawak. This study was carried out

using the prawn trawler K.K.Malong and the monitoring survey was

carried out every month for the whole of 1991.

The results ir.dicated that the catch rate of prawns

increased from about 2.0 kgjhr in November to about 6.3 kgjhr in

January and reached more than 7 kgjhr in February. For the rest

of the months, the catch rate ranged from about 1.4 kgjhr in

March and April to as low as 0.3 kgjhr for the months of June to

September.

The analysis of the data collected from this study also

showed that the prawn resource in the Kuching Bay is highly

exploited. Any increase in effort would be unlikely to increase

yield, either in monetary value or in biological terms, while any

increase in effort will reduce economic returns.

93

3.6.6 Monitoring of the Eggs and Larvae of Tenualosa toli (terubok) in the Estuary of Batang Lupar, Sarawak

Batang Lupar Estuary, being the prime area for the terubok

fishery was chosen for this project. Monthly field trips during

the terubok season were carried and during these trips, a

specially constructed plankton net was used to collect the eggs

and larvae. These eggs and larvae were sent to the Laboratory in

Bintawa, Sarawak and hatchery at Tanjong Demong, Terengganu for

hatching, rearing and further investigations. Plankton samples

from the site where these eggs were found were forwarded to Batu

Berendam, Melaka for identification.

For the first time during six of the eight survey trips the

eggs and larvae were found, identified and collected for further

studies. Under the crude conditions in the field, most of the

eggs hatched while some of the larvae sent to the hatchery in

Peninsular Malaysia did not survive.

Two major findings from this study were:-

(i) the identification of the spawning grounds and the ability

to collect the eggs and larvae for hatching and further

investigations.

(ii) the months when the eggs and larvae were present in the

estuary~ Some eggs and larvae were found during the month when

terubok were not plentiful in the fishing ground. The results of

the plankton sample analysis have not been received yet from Batu

Berendam.

94

3.6.7 Culture of Green Mussels (Perna veridis) on Ropes Attached to Floating Rafts in Salak, Sarawak

The experimental transplantation of the green mussel (Perna

viridis) from Johor to Sarawak was again carried out. Two

hundred ropes of ten feet long of spats were airlifted to

Sarawak. Upon arrival the ropes were cut into two equal halves

and hung on the raft in the estuary of Salak River. The growth

rate was monitored every month and thinning was carried out. The

results showed that the mussels attained marketable size after

about eight months of culture. The growth rate was very

encouraging during the dry months but it slowed down markedly

during the wet monsoon months. After the monsoon period the meat

content of these mussels tended to be relatively less. The

mussels were generally thinner during the wet months. This could

be due to the lowering of water salinity affecting the

physiological activities of the organism. The heavy silt load at

that time could also adversely affect the feeding mechanism.

During the monsoon the mussels also tended to drop off from the

ropes.

3.6.8 The Construction and Extension of Artificial Reefs using Discarded Rubber Tyres

This activity was taken away from the Centre and placed with

the Management and Protection Branch of the Department. The

officers and the funds are now directly controlled by the state

Director of Fisheries, Sarawak.

95

3.7 Marine Fish Fry Production & Research Centre, Tg. Demong, Terengganu

3.7.1 Marine Finfish Broodstock Maturation

Broodstocks of the giant sea perch (Lates calcarifer),

grouper (Epinephelus sp.) and snapper (Lutjanus sp.) were

maintained in floating net-cages in the Kuala setiu lagoon and

also in hatchery concrete tanks. The numbers of brood stock fish

totalled 700 Lates, 500 Epinephelus and 292 Lutjanus. These were

quite sufficient to provide the spawnings in the hatchery for

larviculture. However, some 181 broodstock fish were found

missing in a recent check. The loss was probably caused by

poaching as staff was not available to provide continuous

surveillance of the broodstock.

3.7.2 Lates Fry Production

More than 41 million Lates fry were produced in 1991.

Although this production was considered satisfactory, a higher

production could have been achieved if the problems of fish

disease, inadequate supply of rotifers for larval feeding and

shortage of nursery tanks were overcome. More trained staff

would be required besides the new hatchery facilities which are

nearly completion, in order to increase the fry production at the

Centre.

Five Training Courses in the field of Lates fry production

were conducted during the year for the target group.

96

3.7.3 Grouper Fry Production

Between January and March, 80 million grouper eggs were

produced with fertilization rates averaging 50 %. From April

onwards, however, no more spawning of the grouper was observed.

Although progress has been made in the cultivation of the small

size rotifer for grouper larviculture, problems still remain in

the mass culture of grouper fry.

The service rendered by the JICA expert in marine finfish

breeding (Mr. Masanori Doi) played an important role in the

success achieved so far. with the end of his term of service in

April 1991, it is hoped that JICA would provide a suitable

replacement in the near future.

The completion of the additional facilities at the Centre

expected in 1992 would also require many additional staff in

order to develop the technology for marine finfish fry production

and to produce more seedstock for supply to farmers and for

restocking of coastal waters.

97

4. MAINTENANCE AND DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH VESSELS

4.1 K.K. MERSUJI (Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin)

K.K. MERSUJI was deployed to carry out a demersal fish

resource survey off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia during

the course of the year. The vessel was also used to conduct sea

grass and artificial reef studies. The MERSUJI also took part

with another vessel in the pair trawling trials carried out In

the offshore waters in the straits of Malacca. The vessel also

participated in the LIMA '91 display in Pulau Langkawi.

4.2 K.K. PELALING (Abu Talib b. Ahmad/Alias b. Man)

K.K. PELALING was docked at the Limbongan Perikanan,

Pelabuhan Kelang for repair and maintenance slipping from January

until June 1991. However the vessel encountered propeller and

turbocharger problems after she returned from the slipway. As a

result, the vessel could only be deployed to conduct a prawn

resource survey in the waters off Pantai Remis, Perak on the west

coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the year.

4.3 K.K. KERAPU I (Ramli Saad)

Maintenance and activities undertaken on/by the vessel

included:-

11.01.91 01.02.91: Annual maintenance at Limbongan Asia

Slipway Engineering at Kuala Kedah, Kedah.

28.03.91 - 12.04.91: Installation of generator at Limbongan

Alor Lancar Slipway, Seberang Prai , Pulau Pinang.

98

06.05.91 10.05.91 : setting up of fish-cages at Selat

Tuba, Langkawi, Kedah.

4.4 K.K. JENAHAK (Razak Latun)

The research vessel K.K. JENAHAK was deployed for field work

for a total of 63 days. The shortage of crew is still a problem

and has affected the smooth implementation of projects. The

following trips were carried out for the year 1991:

25.03.91 - 28.03.91

01.04.91 - 06.04.91

30.04.91 - 02.05.91

06.05.91 - 10.05.91

23.05.91 - 26.05.91

29.07.91 - 02.08.91

24.08.91 - 26.08.91

25.10.91 - 23.10.91

21.10.91 - 23.10.91

25.11.91 - 28.11.91

09.12.91 - 13.12.91

23.12.91 - 31.12.91

Malacca straits - pair trawling.

Malacca straits - pair trawling.

Penang - pair trawling.

Penang - pair trawling.

Pulau Singa - coral reef project.

Pulau Payar - aritificial reef project.

Accompanied K.K. PELALING, which went out of order, from Lumut to Penang.

Pulau Payar - artificial reef project.

Pulau Payar - artificial reef project.

Pulau Aman/Pulau Kendi - artificial reef project.

Pulau Payar - marine park project.

Port Dickson - seagrass project.

4.5 K.K. SENANGIN (~aja Mohd. Noordin b. Raja Omar)

K.K. SENANGIN was deployed in the implementation of various

projects, including the following:

99

- the Artificial Reef -Programme in Pulau Perhentian . (60 days);

- Marine Park Research in Pulau Redang (6 days);

- Turtle Behaviour study in Jambu Bongkok (4 days);

Recreational Payaos in Pulau Redang (4 days);

- National Artificial Reef Programme in Pulau Kapas (3 days);

Squid Tagging project in Pulau Kapas (3 days),

Reef Assessment Study in Kuala Ibai (2 days) and

- Squid Trap Study in Kuala Terengganu Estuary (1 day).

The vessel was also used by researchers from the USM (4

days), the State Fisheries staff (3 days), and ILPM trainees (4

days). The total number of sea time spent by this vessel was 94

days.

On 24 October 1991, the vessel was sent to the dock at

Limbongan Sejati PEmgkalan Arang for a top overhaul. work

was completed in April 1992.

4.6 K. K. KEKEK (PPSIM)

This vessel was used only once from 29 May - 5 June 1991 for

the training of the research staff in SCUBA Diving at Pulau

Redang. From 29 June until 1 August 1991, the vessel went on

dock for annual maintenance at Limbongan Sejati Pengkalan Arang.

4.7 BLK BURAN (PPSIM)

This boat was used in the Artificial Reef Project in Pulau

Perhentian for 31 days, Turtle Behavj.~ur Study for 5 days and

100

Marine Park Research for 2 days. The boat was found to be not

seaworthy after it was badly damaged in rough seas.

4.8 BLK RENJONG

This boat was used in the Pulau Redang marine park research

from 15 - 19 September 1991 and from 6 - 10 October 1991 for a

total of 10 days. It was also invovled in the Turtle Behaviour

Study on 29 30 August 1991 for 2 days and then in the

artificial Reef research in Kuala Ibai on 14 September 1991.

4.9 K.K. MALONG (Hadil Rajali)

This wooden trawler was used exclusively for the prawn

survey in the coastal waters. Ten monthly trips of one week

duration were carried out using K.K. MALONG mainly in the Kuching

Bay area. This vessel is rather old and lS unlikely to be

seaworthy in the next few years.

4.10 K.K. MANCHONG (Albert C. Gambang)

This research vessel was well deployed in 1991. A coastal

demersal resource survey was carried in Sarawak waters. The

demersal survey in the waters of 12 - 30 nautical miles was

followed by the tuna and the ecological surveys in and around

Pulau Layang-Layang. Towards the end of the year a demersal

survey off the west coast of Sabah (12 - 30 nautical miles) was

carried. The condition of the vessel was mostly very good

although the scientific echo-sounder has not been repaired as the

agent in singapore was unable to do so.

101

5. PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS

5.1

5.2

Ong, K. S. Aquaculture Development in 1990s. Submitted for publication.

Malaysia

Ong, K. S. (as senior author). Report on the R&D out by the Fisheries Research Institute during Malaysia Plan Period. Prepared for IRPA (Agriculture Sector).

in the

carried the 5th

Seminar

5.3 Ong, K. S. The Status and Progress of Seafarming in Malaysia. Presented at the 4th National Coordinators' Meeting of the Regional Seafarming Development & Demonstration Project, Bangkok, 9-12 January 1991.

5.4 A simple surplus production model of the penaeid prawn fishery of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia by Lui Yean Pong. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 30 September - 2 October 1991, Penang, Malaysia.

5.5 Prawn recruitment project in Matang, Perak, Malaysia by Lui Yean Pong. Paper presented at the ASEAN-Australia Marine Science Project: Living Coastal Resources Workshop On Mangrove Fisheries And Connections, 26-30 August 1991, Ipoh, Malaysia.

5.6 Some observations on the abundance of Penaeus merguiensis juveniles in the estuarine waters of Kuala Sepetang, Perak, Malaysia by Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin and Lui Yean Pong. Paper presented at the Second IOCjWESTPAC Symposium, 2-6 December 1991, Penang, Malaysia.

5.7 The maximum sustainable yield of the demersal fishery on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and its use in managing the fishery by Chee Phaik Ean. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 30 September

5.8

2 October 1991, Penang, Malaysia.

Interactions China Sea by Consultation Fisheries, 3

between fisheries for small tunas in the South Chee Phaik Ean. Paper presented at the Expert

on Interactions of Pacific Ocean Tuna - 11 December 1991, Noumea, New Caledonia.

5.9 Pendaratan dan pemindahan ikan tuna di Pulau Pinang by Chee Phaik Ean. Berita Perikanan Bil. 8, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia.

5.10 Catch of Penaeus Gombang in Kuala Paper presented 30 September - 2

merguiensis and Metapenaeus brevicornis by Sepetang, Perak by Ahmad Adnan b.Nuruddin. at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan,

October 1991, Penang, Malaysia.

5.11 The fourth prawn survey off the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia by Abu Talib b. Ahmad (in press).

102

5.12 Estimation of mortality rates for merquiensis, using a pseudo-catch Ahmad. Paper presented at the Perikanan, 30 September - 2 October

Banana Prawn, Penaeus curve by Abu Talib b.

Seminar Penyelidikan 1991, Penang, Malaysia.

5.13 Comparison between age based and length based assessments for a fast growing species of Argyrosomus argentatus by Mahyam bt. Mohd. Isa. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 30 September 2 October 1991, Penang, Malaysia.

5.14 Laporan hasil kajian kelong di Johor by Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa. Report submitted to Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur.

5.15 Kajian lanjut ke atas kesesuaian bubu sotong arus di perairan Kedah/Perlis by Rosidi b. Ali. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 30 September 2 October 1991, Penang, Malaysia.

5.16 Laporan kajian pukat tunda beregu di perairan laut dalam by Rosidi b. Ali. Report submitted to Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur.

5.17

5.18

5.19

5.20

Laporan kajian lanjut bubu sotong arus Kedah/Perlis by Rosidi b. Ali. Report Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur.

di perairan submitted to

Percubaan penandaan udang laut by Alias b. Man. Perikanan Bil. 9, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia.

Penetasan telur sotong dalam akuarium by Abdul S. Abdullah. Berita Perikanan Bil. 9, Jabatan Malaysia.

Berita

Hamid b. Perikanan

People's participation makes oyster culture by Devakie Nair. 43, 1991).

a success of small-scale (BOBP Newsletter, Issue No.

5.21 Small Scale Culture of the Flat Oyster (Ostrea folium) in P. Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia by Devakie Nair. (BOBP/WP/73).

5.22 Ternakan tira.m (Crassostrea iredalei da.n Saccostrea ~) di Negeri Terengganu, Malaysia oleh Devakie Nair. (Risalah Per ikanan) .

5.23 An Assessment on the growth and mortality of cockle (Anadara granosa ~) from four culture plots in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia by Devakie Nair. (for IRPA Seminar, 1992).

5.24 Status of Seaweed Production In Malaysia by Ramli Saad. Paper presented at the International Training Course On Commercial Sea~eeds Cultivation and utilisation, at Qindao, China, 11 June - 20 July 1991.

103

5.25 . Kertas Kedudukan Projek Kajian Ternakan Tiram Di Pulau Singa, P. Langkawi, Kedah oleh Devakie Nair.

5.26 Kertas Strategi Pelaksanaan Projek Kajian Ternakan Ikan Dalam Sangkar Di Kawasan Perairan Pantai, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia oleh Hambal Hj. Hanafi.

5.27 Laporan Kajian Awalan Bagi Mencadangkan Aktiviti Perikanan Di Kawasan Perairan Pulau Dayang Bunting, P. Langkawi, Kedah Darul Aman oleh Hambal Hj. Hanafi.

5.28 Choo, P.S., T.K.Smith, C.Y. Cho and H.W. Ferguson (1991). Dietary excesses of leucine influence growth and body composition of rainbow trout. J.Nutr. 121: 1932-1939.

5.29 Choo, P.S. (1991). Pengeluaran Benih Udang Laut. Risalah Perikanan Bil. 47.

5.30 Choo, P.S. (1991). Pemeliharaan Tiram. Risalah Perikanan Bil.49.

5.31 Choo, P.S. dan Kamal Zaman (1991). Jangkitan cacing Turbellaria dan kematian kupang di Melaka. Berita Perikanan Jun, 1991.

5.32 Choo, P.S. (1991). Turbellarian infestation and mortality of the mussel, Perna viridis, in Fisheries Bulletin (in press).

the mass Malaysia.

5.33 Choo, P.S.(1991). Lymphocystis infection in the fry of the sea perch, Lates calcarifer, cultured in net cages. Fisheries Bulletin (in press) .

5.34 Ismail Ishak (1991). Bacterial contamination of the blood cockle, ~nadara granosa (L). Seminar on advances in Post Harvest Technology in S.E. Asia, Singapore.

5.35 Ismail Ishak (1991). Aquatic Pollution and the Fisheries Sector. Bulletin Sains dan Teknologi (in press) .

5.36 Ismail Ishak (1991). Cleaner Fishery Harbours - Batu Maung Harbour. Report to the BOBP Workshop on Cleaner Fishery Harbours, Penang, 9-11 December, 1991.

5.37 Ismail Ishak (1991). Cleaner Fishery Harbours - Kuala Kedah. Report to the BOBP Workshop on Cleaner Fishery Harbours, Penang, 9-11 December 1991 (co-author).

5.38 Ismail Ishak (1991). Oyster depuration A Necessity? Seminar on Oyster Culture in Malaysia, 26-28 February 1991, Kuala Lumpur.

5.39 Shahunthala Devi (1991). Perak River: A review of the inputs of nutrients. Presented at IOC/WESTPAC Workshop in Penang, 2-6 December 1991.

104

5.40 Kushairi Rajuddin (1991). Penemuan-Penemuan Kajian Ekologi Rumput Laut di semenanjung Malaysia. Seminar Pegawai­Pegawai Penyelidik Perikanan di Pulau Pinang, 1991.

5.41 Rohani Ibrahim (1991). Penggunaan bahan penyebar minyak.

5.42

Berita Perikanan (in press).

Che utama, C.M. (dalam cetakan). Keberkesanan jenama makanan rumusan larva bagi protozoea udang Penaeus monodon. Buletin Perikanan, Kementerian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

beberapa harimau,

Pertanian

5.43 Che utama, C.M. (dalam cetakan). Kesan pelbagai paras beberapa punca protein keatas kadar kemandirian dan tumbesaran postlarvae udang harimau. Buletin Perikanan, Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

5.44 Che Utama, C.M. (dalam cetakan). Kesan alga dan bahan bukan alga sebagai makanan keatas pertumbuhan populasi rotifer. Buletin Perikanan, Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

5.45 Che Utama, C.M. 1991. Keberkesanan makanan rumusan yang diproses sendiri (home-made) berbanding dengan makanan rumusan kommersial (bought-in) untuk asuhan postlarva udang harimau (Penaeus monodon), Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 Sept. - 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

5.46 Che Utama, C.M. 1991. Kesan penggalak Virginiamycin keatas kadar kemandirian dan kadar postlarva udang harimau. Buletin Perikanan Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

tumbesaran tumbesaran Bilo 71.

5.47 Che Utama, C.M. 1991. Kesan pelbagai paras vitamin C, Kolina klorida dan Inositol keatas kadar kemandirian dan kadar tumbescran postlarva udang harimau. Buletin Perikanan Bil. 70. Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

5.48 Faazaz, Abd. Latif. 1991. Factors affecting larviculture in NAPFRE. Paper presented at Research Conference, 30 Sept. - 2 Oct. Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

the success of the Fisheries 1991, Penang,

5.49 Faazaz, A.L., Palanisamy, V. & Muhamad Hatta, M. (dalam cetakan). Panduan pembenihan udang laut, penaeus monodon, secara sistem intensif. Buku Panduan, Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

5.50 Ismail Ishak & Liong, P.C. 1991. The Batu Maung landing complex. Consultancy report presented at the Workshop on Cleaner Fishery Harbours, 9-11 Dec., Penang, Malaysia.

105

fish BOBP

1991,

5.51

5.52

Liong, P.C. & Ismail Ishak. 1991. The Kuala Kedah village. Consultancy report presented at the BOBP on Cleaner Fishery Harbours, 9-11 Dec., 1991, Malaysia.

fishing Workshop

Penang,

Liong, P.C. 1991. The fattening/ culture of mud Scylla serrata, in Malaysia. Paper presented at the Workshop in the Culture of Mud Crab in BOBP areas. Nov., 1991, Surat Thani, Thailand.

crab, BOBP 5-8

5.53 Liong, P.C. 1991. Coastal aquaculture development in Malaysia. Paper presented in the AADCP Seminar on Natural Constraints and Incentives in Coastal Aquaculture Development in South East Asia. 9-16 June, 1991, Nantes, France.

5.54 Liong, P.C. 1991. Water disinfection hatcheries. Fisheries Bulletin No 66. Agriculture, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

in aquaculture Ministry of

5.55 Liong, P.C. 1991. Recent developments in freshwater prawn farming in Malaysia. Fisheries Bulletin No 67. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

5.56 Othman, M. & Yaakob, A. 1991. Artemia nauplii as feed for the postlarvae of Penaeus monodon during nursery stages. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 Sept 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, r.1alaysia.

5.57 Palanisamy, V. 1991. Luminous bacterial infection of penaeid lorviculture at NAPFRE hatchery. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 Sept 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

5.58 Palanisamy, V. (in press). Preliminary studies on diseases associated with bacterial pathogens in penaeid larvicultures. Risalah Perikanan, Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

5.59 Palanisamy, V., Faazaz, A.L. & Rashidah, M.R. 1991. A guide on the production of alga culture for use in shrimp hatcheries, Buku Panduan 1/91, Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

5.60 Subramaniam, K. & Liong, P.C. 1991. Development of tiger shrimp (Peneaus monodon) broodstock in brackishwater ponds. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 Sept 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

5.61 Yaakob, K. (In press), Observation on the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii from two sources of breeders. Submitted to Fisheries Hea quarters for publication.

106

5.62 Yaakob, A. & Zainoddin, J. (dalam cetakan). ternakan udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenberqii) kolam secara monokultur. Buku Panduan , Jabatan Malaysia, Malaysia.

Asas-asas di dalam Perikanan

5.63 Yaakob, A. & Othman M. Dalam cetakan. Rawai: Salah satu cara menangkap udang galah di Sungai Muda. Submitted to Fisheries Headquarters for pUblication.

5.64 Yaakob, A. & Othman, M. 1991. Kajian awal terhadap kesan pelepasan benih udang galah di Sungai Muda, Kedah Darulaman. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 Sept - 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

5.65 Zainoddin, J. 1991. Teknologi pembenihan udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) mengikut teknik statik-intensif di NAPFRE. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 sept - 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

5.66 Zainoddin, J. 1991. Preliminary studies on the rearing of mud crab (Scylla serrata) in NAPFRE. presented at the BOBP Seminar on the Culture of Mud in BOBP areaa, 5-8 Nov., 1991, Surat Thani, Thailand.

larval Paper

Crab

5.67 zainoddin, J. 1991. Pembenihan ketam nipah (Scylla serrata) dan ketam renjung (Portunus Qelagicus) di NAPFRE. Berita Perikanan, Bil. 8, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia, Malaysia, Jun 1991.

5.68 zainoddin, J. (Dalam cetakan). Pembenihan udang (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) secara Ekstensif. Panduan, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

galah Buku

5.69 Zainoddin, J. & Yaakob, A. (dalam cetakan). penyediaan makanan rumusan (SUTIMAL) bagi pembenihan udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) . Buku Panduan, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia, Malaysia.

5.70 Pathmasothy, Malaysia France.

a S. The status of fish feed and

country paper. AADCP Workshop nutrition in

in Biaritz

5.71 Pathmasothy, S. Ternakan ikan tilapia dalam kolam air tawar yang statik. Risalah Perikanan (in press) .

5.72 Chuah, H.P. Present progress, future directions and needs in fish genetics research in Malaysia. Asian Regional Workshop on Tilapia Genetics, Central Luzon State University, Philippines, 29-31 August, 1990.

107

5.73 Thalathiah Saidin. Preliminary trial on the cross breeding of Clarias macrocephalus and ~. gariepinus. Paper presented in the 3rd Fisheries Research Seminar,in Penang.

5.74 Mohd. Zaini Suleiman. Breeding of some common Tetras.

5.75 Mohd. Zaini Suleiman. Induced spawning trials for catla using a combination of common carp pituitary extract and HCG.

Catla gland

5.76 siti Zahrah Abdullah. Some morphological aspects of Thellohanellus sp. on Puntius gonionotus and its prevalence in relation to water quality.

5.77 siti Zahrah Abdullah. Morphological characteristics of Thellohanellus sp. in 9ills of Puntius gonionotus and its prevalence.

5.78 Pathmasothy, S. Mixed sex culture of Red Tilapia in ponds utilising Lates calcarifer to control over-crowding by breeding of the Tilapia.

5.79 Chuah, H.P. Preliminary study of the zooplankton in Kenyir and Semenyih Reservoirs.

5.80 Thalathiah Saidin. Mission report on the 3-month Staff Exchange to the Netherlands, united Kingdom and Germany, ASEAN-EEC/AADCP/2.

5.81 Jothy, A. A. Mission report on 3-ruonth Staff Exchange to EEC countries, ASEAN-EEC/AADCP/2.

5.82 Department of Fisheries. Mission report on within-·ASEAN Staff Exchange to Thailand, ASEAN-EEC.

5.83 Chuah Toh Thye submitted the following reports:

1 . Laporan kajian kesesuaian tapak untuk projek udang harimau di kawasan Pertubuhan Peladang, Selatan, Perak.

ternakan Manjong

2. Chuah Toh Thye & Rosly Hassan. An overview and assessment of the Sarawak Economic Development Corporation's Shrimp Farming Project at Mukah.

5.84 Rosly Hassan submitted the following papers:

1. Ros~y Hassan & Ramli Khamis (1991). Ketahanan kemasinan dan kaedah aklimitasi Tilapia Merah daripada air tawar ke air masin. Buletin Perikanan ~il. 69 ..

2. Rosly Hassan (1991). Acute ammonia toxicity of Red Tilapia and seabass (Lates calcarifer). In print.

108

3. Rosly aassan & Chuah Toh Thye (1991). Feeding, Total N and Total P loadings in a shrimp pond some observations. Presented at the 3rd. Fisheries Research Seminar, P. Pinang, 29 Sept.-2 Oct., 1991.

5.85 Rosly Hassan submitted the following reports:

1. Tapak Cadangan Project Ternakan Udang Harimau, Kemajuan Perusahanaan Pertanian (LKPP) Pahang Miang, Daerah Pekan, Pahang.

Lembaga di Sg.

2. Laporan Kemajuan Projek Pemindahan Teknologi Udang Harimau di wilayah Persekutuan Labuan.

5.86 Ismail Abu Hassan submitted the following paper and report;

1. Kajian kesan substrat dan makanan terhadap tumbesaran dan kadar kemandiran udang harimau (Penaeus monodon) Presented at the 3rd. Fisheries Research Seminar, Pulau Pinang, 29 September - 2 October, 1991.

2. Laporan Kajian tapak keatas sawah terbiar di Negeri Melaka untuk perusahaan ternakan udang harimau.

5.87 Ramli Khamis submitted: 1. Laporan kajian potensi tapak kolam PPK Manjong Selatan

termasuk rekabentuk cadangan.

2. Laporan kajian tanah dan air tapak kolam Felcra Sedili serta rekabentuk kolam.

3. Laporan berkenaan Pelan rekabentuk kolam pentern~k Bukit Meriam, Kedah.

5.88 Fauzidah Othman submitted:

1. Laporan kajian serangan penyakit ikan di sangkar Kukup, Johor.

5.89 Kamarruddin, I. (1991). Laporan kemajuan projek

5.90

penandaan penyu belimbing 1991, kertas No. 10/91, Mesyuarat Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Terengganu, UPEN, Terengganu.

Kamarruddin, I. (1991) . Laporan kemajuan pemeliharaan anak-anak penyu belimbing dalam Kertas No. 12/91, mesyuarat Majlis Penasihat Penyu Terengganu, UPEN, Terengganu.

projek kurungan. Santuari

5.91 Raja Bidin, R.H. (1991). The Structure, Production and Utilisation of Coastal Fisheries Resource and Research Program in Malaysia. Paper Presented at Workshop on Coastal Fishery Resources-Cum-Research, 22-26 April 1991, Cebu, Philip~nes.

109

5.92 Raja Mohammad Noordin, R. o. , Cheah, E. K. , Sukarno, W. , Abdul Mutalib, M. Y. , Mobarak, H. Raja Bidin, R.H. and Che Omar, M.H. (1991) . The Design and Construction of Artificial Reefs in Malaysia using PVC Pipes. Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on the Enhancement of Artificial Habitats, 3-7 November 1991, California.

5.93 Raja Mohammad Noordin, R.O., Sukarno, W., Choo, P.S. and Ismail, I. (1991). Artificial Reefs An Emerging Technology for the Environmental Management. Paper presented at the Second IOC/WESTPAC Symposium on Managing the Marine Environment, 2-6 December 1991, Penang.

5.94 Sukarno, W. (1991). Some Recent Research On Sea Turtles

5.95

5.96

5.97

5.98

In Terengganu - Paper presented at the First IRPA Seminar on Strategic Sector, 16 - 19 November 1991, Penang.

Sukarno, W. (1991). Monitoring of PVC (co-author). Paper Perikanan Malaysia,

Preliminary artificial reefs presented at the 30 September - 2

Results in the in Terengganu waters Seminar Penyelidikan

October 1991, Penang.

Sukarno, W. Tiruan di Penyelidikan Penang.

(1991) . Terengganu.

Perikanan,

Satu Penilaian Keberkesanan Tukun Paper presented at the Seminar 30 September - 2 October 1991,

Chong, C • r~1. (1991) . Demersal fish survey in the 12-30 nautical miles waters off Sarawak coast.

Hadil Rajali (1991) . Demersal fish survey in the 12-30 nautical miles waters off Sabah west coast.

5.99 Hadil Rajali (1991). Prawn survey in the Kuching Bay of Sarawak.

5.100 Rumpet, R. (1991). Experimental fishing survey of fishery around Pulau Layang-Layang using troll lines fish aggregating devices (FAD).

tuna and

5.101 Rumpet,R. (1991). The study of tuna landing and biology in Mukah, Sarawak.

5.102 Mohammad Mohidin (1991). The transplanting and of mussel Perna viridis on ropes attached to Salak, Sarawak.

culturing rafts in

5.103 Yong, A. H. (1991). Monitoring of the eggs and larvae of Tenualosa toli (terubok) in the estuary of Batang Lupar, Sarawak.

110

6. NEW STAFF/TRANSFERS/RESIGNATIONS

A. Fisheries Research Institute, Gelugor, Penang

6.1 Y.M. Tengku Makhtar b. Raja Hussin, Chief Officer (K.K.

6.2

"MERSUJI"), was transferred to Fisheries Training Institute Malaysia, Batu Maung to serve on K.L."PAUS" on 01.10.91.

Encik Abu transferred 15.09.91.

Talib b. Ahmad, Fisheries Officer, was to Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on

6.3 Encik Hambal Hj. Hanafi, Senior Fisheries Officer, was transferred from Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Gelang Patah, Johor to Aquaculture section at FRI, Penang on 02.05.91.

6.4

6.5

6.6

Encik Chuah Toh Thye, Fisheries Officer, from Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Patah, Johor to Aquaculture section at 02.12.91.

was transferred Centre, Gelang

FRI, Penang on

Encik Ng Fong Oon, Senior Fisheries Officer, was in FRI to Gelang Patah,

transferred from Aquaculture section Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johor on 16.11.91.

senior Fisheries Officer, Puan Choo Sze was from the Aquaculture section to the Ecology 02.05.91.

transferred section on

6.7 Asst. Fisheries Officer, Encik Velu Murugan was transferred to the Headquarters of Department of Fisheries, Kuala Lumpur in February, 1991.

6.8 Senior Fisheries Officer, Hjh. Wan Portiah Wan Hamzah resigned from the Department of Fisheries in February 1991.

6.9 Fisheries Officer, Encik Edward Wong Fai Hung, was transferred to the Headquarters of Department of Fisheries, on 29.07.91.

6.10 Fisheries Officer, Encik Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah was transferred to Institute's Branch in Chendering, Terengganu on 05.10.1991.

111

B. National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah

6.11 Temporary Workers Asri Bakar, Ismail Shaari and Md Basli Daut reported for work on 01.01.91.

6.12 Temporary General Worker Abd. Razak Abddulah resigned on 15.01.91.

6.13 Temporary 08.02.91.

General Worker Baharom Ahmad resigned on

6.14 Two Temporary General Workers, Md Nasir Saad Ismail reported for work on 15.03.91 to vacancies created from the above resignation.

and Harizan replace the

6.15 Puan Noraini Idris, a clerical staff was transferred to the District Office, Tapah after a long wait of over 3 years to be with her family on 15.07.91.

6.16 Puan Jamilah Ahmad, Kerani Am, was transferred from Penjara, Kuala Lumpur, to the Centre on 01.08.91 to replace Puan Noraini Idris.

6.17 Fisheries Assistant Mesran Surip was transferred from the Centre to the Fisheries Headquarters.

6.18 Encik Mohd. Nordin Mohd Nor, a newly appointed Fisheries Assistant reported for duty on 07.10.91.

6.19 Puan siti Rokiah, Chief Clerk, was transferred to Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, Kuala Lumpur om 01.12.91.

6.20 En. Hashim Arrifin reported for duty on 07.12.91 to replace Puan siti Rokiah as the Chief Clerk. He was formerly from the Office of Border Committee, Songkla, Thailand.

6.21 The service of Temporary Watchman Arshad Md. Saman was terminated on 31.12.91.

112

C. Freshwater Fish Research centre, Batu Berendam, Melaka

6.22 En. Zainal Sabtu, Pembantu Am Rendah, left the Department to join the police force in October 1991.

6.23 En. Kamson Shuttar, Fisheries Assistant, reported for duty on 01.10 . 91.

D. Brackishwater Research Centre, Gelang patah, Johor

6.24 Four temporary staff were recruited to fill the vacant posts at the Centre:

i) cik Haslinda Mohamed, Kerani Am, on 01. 04.91-

ii) En. Mohd. Zamri bin Minhat, Pembantu Am Rendah, on 2.10.91-

iii) cik Rasmawati Abd. Rahman, Pembantu Am Rendah, on 20.10.91.

iv) En. Thanagodi a/I Vellasamy, Pembantu Hakmal, on 16.12.91.

6.25 Asst. Fisheries Officer, Md. Nafiah Md. Yasin was

6.26

transferred to the Terengganu state Fisheries Department on 02.12.91.

Pn. Khalijah Kastari , Typist Department of Licensing, Kuala Primary Industry on 15.12.91.

was transferred to Terengganu, Ministry

the of

6.27 Pn. Masriah Ngadimin, Typist was transferred from Malaysian Centre for Remote Sensing, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment to Gelang Patah on 15.12.91.

E. Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu

6.28 A total Fisheries

of 7 workers were appointed as Assistants, 2 as IPTP Samp1ers and 4

113

part-time as General

Workers. They are as follows:

Fisheries Assistants

1. Nik Nasruddin bin Nik Ismail 2. Mohamad bin Alif 3. Abdul Halim bin Abdullah 4. Sukri bin Abdullah 5. Syed Adnan bin Syed Hassan 6. siti Zaliha bte Abdul Ghani 7. Raja Mohamad bin Raja Yusof

IPTP Sampler

1. Zaharin bin Zainal Abidin 2. Ahmad Zamani bin Mohamad

Pekerja Am Rendah

1. Mohd. Shafie bin Pak 2. Ruzelan bin Jusoh 3. Norazimah bte Yusoff 4. Zabana bte Yasin replacing Rahimah bte Jusoh.

6.29 Fisheries Officer Abdul Hamid bin Yasin resumed duty on 01.10.91 after completing his 2 years Master's course in the United Kingdom.

6.30 Fisheries Officer Pauzi bin Abdullah and Asst. Fisheries Officer Abdul Aziz bin Yusof were transferred from FRI on 02.11.91 and 15.10.91 respectively to work in the Resource Ecology unit.

F. Fisheries Research Centre, Bintawa, Sarawak

6.31 The Centre basically maintained the same number during the year. There were minor movements between K.K.Malong and K.K.Manchong to streamline management.

of staff of crews personnel

6.32 A significant change involved the taking away of the Ecology unit including, 1 Fisheries Officer, 1 Fisheries Assistant and 2 manual workers from the ambit of research.

6.33 Mr. Henry Opang Luhat was transferred to Fisheries Research Centre as its head to replace Mr. George Chong Chiaw Min who was moved to become the Deputy Director of Fisheries, Sarawak.

114

7. VISITS/VISITORS.

During the year, the Institute and its Centres received many

visitors, including the following:

A. Fisheries Research Institute, Geluqor, Penanq

7.1 Mr. Donald C. Cann, FAO Consultant on Depuration visited FRI in February, 1991.

Systems

7.2 Dr. Charles R.C. Sheppard, from The University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, visited the FRI on the 9 July 1991 as a consultant under Project ADB 862-MAL on Marine Parks in Malaysia - Research, Development and Display.

7.3

7.4

7.5

Mr Lars and Mr FRI / provide farming

Engvall, Director, Bay of Bengal Programme (BOBP), Charles Angell, BOBP Senior Aquaculturist visited Malaysia on 28 Feb.-8 March and 11-16 November to technical assistance for the BOBP project on oyster in Malaysia.

Professor Roy Carpenter, Expert for marine contaminant study visited FRI on 20.08.91.

sediments

Dr. T. Yonemori, Mr. Kondo Keichi, Mr. Noguchi Iwao JICA and Mr. Kazuo Inowe from SEAFDEC visited FRI on 28.08.91.

from the

7.6 Mr. Ravikumar, BOBP Consultant on Cleaner Fishery Harbours, visited FRI in July, 1991 while Dr. Steffan Holmgren, BOBP Consultant on Environmental Pollution visited FRI on 2-4 September 1991.

7.7 Dr. David James, FAO Senior Fishery Industry Officer, visited FRI on 16.09.91.

7.8 Mr. Powe Pedersen, Mr G. Andersson and Dr E. Drewes, FAO Consultants visited FRI on 25.10.91.

7.9 Mr J. Fitzpatrick, Chief, Fishing Technology Service, Fishery Industries Division, -FAO Rome, visited FRI on 10 December 1991.

7.10 Dr. Donald James, FAO Expert on Food Safety, Industrial Contaminants and Environmental Pollutants and Dr. Annuar from the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, visited FRI on 01.11.91.

115

B. National Prawn Fry Production , Research centre, Kedah

7.11 Mr. S.D. Kulkarni and R.N. Mukhija from Larsen and Toubro Ltd., Bombay, India visited the Centre on 10.01.91.

7.12 Mr. Ooi Peng Hong, a consultant from Perunding Atur Sdn.

7.13

Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, visited the Centre for an evaluation of the performance of the Centre on behalf of JICA on 07.02.91.

Deputy Director-General of Fisheries, Malaysia Mazlan Jusoh visited the Centre on 28.02.91 to the Certificate Presentation Ceremony of the Public Speaking and Management of Organization.

En. Mohd. officiate

Course on

7.14 Mr. Jafari from Konarak Shrimp visited the Centre on 12.03.91.

company, Tehran, Iran

7.15 Mr. Muhesh Valabhji, Dr. Alec Forbes and Mr. Sunny Kan from Seychelles visited the Centre on 01.04.91.

7.16 Director-Gneral of Fisheries, Malaysia, Y. Bhg. Dato' Shahrom h. Hj. Abdul Maj id, visited the Centre on 06. OG. 91.

7.17 Ahli EXCO Dato' Abu Bakar Taib with a team of Senior State Officers visited the Centre on 08.09.91 to evaluate the future development potential for brackishwater aquaculture in Kedah.

7.18 Dr. Herbert Diemont, Institute of Forestry and Nature Research, Holland, Mr. Ting Chaong Chang and Mr. Aminiddin Yusoff, Mardi, visited the Centre on 29.10.91.

C. Freshwater Fish Research Centre, Batu Berendam, Melaka

7.19 Mr. Hassanai Kongkeo from PCO Bangkok came to open the ICQ Tender for vehicles (AADCP/2) on 17.05.91.

7.20 Dr. Marcel Machiels of DFCF Wageningen came to FFRC on the staff exchange programme on 24.08.91.

116

D. Marine Fish Resource Research centre, Terengganu

7.21 Yg. Bhg. Data· Shah rom bin Haji General, Department of Fisheries Centre on 11.03.91.

Abdul Majid, Director Malaysia visited the

7.22 Mr. T. Sakurai and Dr. M. Yesaki from IPTP, Colombo, Sri Lanka visited the Centre on 12.08.91.

7.23 En. Mazlan bin Hashim from MACRES, Kuala Lumpur visited the Centre on 26.08.91.

7.24 Dep. Director-General of Fisheries Malaysia, En. Mohd. Mazlan bin Jusoh visited the Centre on 2 September 1991.

7.25 Dr. T. Yonemori, Dr. K. Kondo and captain I. Noguchi from JICAjSEAFDEC 4 Department, visited the Centre on 04.09.91.

7.26 Dr. M. Crickmore, IAEA Expert, England, En. Abd. Kadir bin Ishak and En. Wan Zakaria bin Muhd. Tahir from Unit Tenaga Nuklear, Bangi, visited the Centre on 18.11.91.

7.27 Dr. Itaru Uchida of Port of Nagoya Public AQUARIUM visited the Centre on 27.11.91.

7.28 En. Zainudin bin othman and En. Juhari bin Mohd. Yusuf from Unit Tenaga Nuklear; Data· Dr. Salleh b. Mohd Nor (KPP FRIM, KEPONG): Dr. Ho Sin Chye (PPS Kajihayat, USM); En. Wan Abd. Latif (MNS); Dr. Lin Weng Hee (MNS Ibu Pejabat) and En. Kelvin Lin (MNS Singapore Branch) visited the Centre on 22.12.91.

117

8. MEETINGS/SEMINARS/LECTURES/TRAINING

The Director of Research, Heads of Research Sections/Centres

as well as officers of the Institute attended various meetings /

seminars/workshops during the year. The Institute's own research

seminar which was attended by all paper presenters was held in

Penang from 30 September - 2 October.

Listed below are some of the main meetings/seminars attended

during the year:

8.1 Ong Kah Sin (Director of Research):

presented a paper entitled "The Status and Sea farming in Malaysia" at the 4th National Meeting, Regional Seafarming Development Project", Bangkok, 9-12 January 1991.

Progress of Coordinators'

& Development

attended the BOBP/IDRC Seminar on the Development of Oyster Culture in Malaysia held in Kuala Lumpur on 26-28 February 1991 as Chairman.

delivered the opening address at the IOC Workshop on Inputs of Nutrients to the Marine Environment in WESTPAC Region, held in Penang on 26-29 November 1991.

River the

delivered the opening address at the International Course on Coastal Aquaculture held in the National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kg. Pulau Sayak, Kedah.

attended the Management for Quality Research Seminar held at the Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, 21-22 October 1991.

Resource section, FRI, Penang

8.2 Mr. Lui Yean Pong (Head of Resource section) attended:

BOBP Project Review Meeting at Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on 2.3.91 and on 15.11.91.

SEAFDEC Second Review Committee Heeting, 14-16 May 1991, Bangkok, Thailand.

118

ASEAN-Australia Marine Science Project: Living Coastal Resources Workshop On Mangrove Fisheries And Connections, 26-30 August 1991, Ipoh, Malaysia.

Meeting on the formulation of research programmes for SEAFDEC Fourth Department with Japanese Expert Mission at Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on 27.8.91.

Second IOCjWESTPAC Symposium, 2 - 6 December 1991, Penang, Malaysia.

BOBP Consultation On Cleaner Fishery Harbours, 9 11 December 1991, Penang, Malaysia.

8.3 Puan Chee Phaik Ean attended:

Meeting on BOBP Bioeconomics Project at IPP, Pulau Pinang on 4.6.91.

Meeting with Mr. T. Sakurai and Dr. M. Yesaki from IPTP at Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on 13.8.91.

Expert Consultation on Interaction of Pacific Ocean Fisheries, 29 November - 14 December 1991, Noumea, Caledonia.

Tuna New

8.4 En. Abu Talib b. Al1mad attended:

Course on "Sea levels, tides and currents" at UTM, Kuala Lumpur on 10 - 15 March 1991.

Meeting on the use of K.K. MANCHONG for fish resource survey in Sabah waters at the Fisheries Office, Labuan on 19.7.91.

Course on Fishery Oceanography at SEAFDEC, Thailand on 1 August - 14 September 1991.

8.5 cik Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa:

Bangkok,

attended Course on Data Handling at Wageningen, the Netherlands from 6 January - 16 February 1991.

gave lectures to participants of The Induction Fisheries Assistants at the Fisheries Training Penang on 20 - 21 August 1991.

Course for Institute,

attended Kem Bina Negara organized by the Biro Tatanegara, Prime Minister's Deparment, Kuala Lumpur from 6 11 October 1991.

119

8.6 En. Ahmad Adnan bin Nuruddin:

attended Workshop on Marine Applications of ERS-1 Data at the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand from 10 - 21 June 1991.

gave lectures to participants of The Induction Fisheries Assistants at the Fisheries Training Penang on 26 - 27 August 1991.

Course for Institute,

attended Second IOC/WESTPAC Symposium, 2 1991, Penang, Malaysia.

6 December

8.7 En. Alias bin Man reported back for duty in October 1991 and attended:

Monthly Officers' Management Meetings of the Resource Section, Fisheries Research Institute, Penang.

Monthly Officers' Management Meetings of the Fisheries Research Institute, Penang.

8.8 En. Rosidi bin Ali attended:

Course on Public Speaking for Fisheries Officers National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Sayak, Kedah from 25 - 31 January 1991.

Intensive course on English Language at INTAN, Lumpur from 22 September - 16 NovembAr 1991.

at the Pulau

Kuala

8.9 En. Samsudin bin Basir reported back for duty in October 1991 and attended:

Monthly Officers' Management Meetings of the Resource section, Fisheries Research Institute, Penang.

Monthly Officers' Management Meetings of the Fisheries Research Institute, Penang.

Aquaculture section, FRI, Penang

8.10 En. Hambal Hanafi (Head of Aquaculture section) attended:

the Fifth National Coordinators' Meeting, Regional Seafarming Development and Demonstration Project UNDP/FAO RAS/90/002 in Bangkok, Thailand, 5-8 November 1991.

120

8.11 En. Ramli Saad attended the International Training Course On Commercial Seaweeds Cultivation and utilisation, at Qindao, China, 11 June - 20 July 1991.

8.12 En. Ng Fong Oon, cik Devakie Nair anf En. Kamal Mohamed attended Seminar On The Development of Culture in Malaysia, 26 - 28 February 1991.

Zaman Oyster

8.13 En. Kamal Zaman Mohamed and cik Devakie Nair gave lectures on The Culture of Oysters at NAPFRE in March and November 1991.

8.14 Ms Devakie Nair attended a Regional Training Course On Pearl Oyster Farming and Pearl Culture at Tuticorin, India from 1 - 28 February 1991.

Aquatic Ecology Section, FRI, Penang

8.15 Ms Choo Poh Sze (Head of Aquatic Ecology Section) attended:

Japan-US Symposium on Artificial Habitats for 10 - 14 June 91, Tokyo, Japan.

Ecology and Conservation of Southeast Asian Freshwater Environments including Wetlands, Seminar, 4 - 6 November 1991, Kuala Lumpur.

Fisheries,

Marine and a Regional

Second Westpac Symposium, 2 - 6 December 1991, Penang.

Regional Consultation on Cleaner Fishery Harbours in the Bay Of Bengal, Penang, Malaysia, 9 - 11 December 1991.

National Prawn Fry Production , Research centre, Kedah

8.16 En. Liong pit Chong (Head of Centre) attended the Meeting of the Advisory Committee of BOBP and the the Session of IOFC Committee for the Development Management of Fisheries in the Bay of Bengal from 24 -January 1991, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

15th 7th and

30

8.17 En. Liong Pit Chong attended the AADCP Workshop on Natural Constraints and Incentives to Aquaculture Development in Nantes, France from 11 - 16 June 1991.

8.18 En. Liong, pit Chong & Zainuddin J. attended the BOBP Seminar on The culture/Fattening of Mud Crab in BOBP Area, from 5 - 9 November 1991, in Surat Thani, Thailand.

121

8.19 En. K. Subramaniam . and cik Safiah Sayut~i attended the Course on Public Speaking and Management of organisation in NAPFRE, from 26 - 31 January 1991.

8.20 En. K. Subramaniam attended a training course on Fish Physiology and Prevention of Epizootics at Shimonoseki University, Japan from 11 March - 25 June, 1991. The training course was sponsored by JICA.

8.21 Puan Rashidah Mat Resat attended the training course on Prawn Propagation Technique in Japan from 28 January - 22 July, 1991. The training was sponsored by JICA.

8.22 En. Zainuddin Jamari attended the Training Course on the Breeding and Culture of Scallop and Sea Cucumber in Qingdao, China from 24 May - 22 June, 1991.

8.23 En. Fariduddin Othman attended the Regional Training Course on Fishery Oceanography in Bangkok, Thailand from 1 August - 15 September 1991.

8.24 En. Zainuddin J. attended the IRPA (social Science Sector) Seminar held at UUM, on 24 - 26 November 1991.

8.25 En. Yaakob Ahmad attended the training course write it Right at INTAN, Kuala Lumpur from 25 November - 7 December 1991.

Freshwater Fish Research Centre, Batu Berendam, Me1aka

8.26 En. A.A. Jothy (Head of Centre) and En. Mohd. Zaini Suleiman attended the 2nd International Aquarium Fish and Accessories Exhibition and Conference, 27.06.91, Singapore.

8.27 Pn. Thalathiah Saidin attended the Staff exchange programme to the Netherlands, United Kingdom and southern Germany from 27 April - 1 July 1991.

8.28 En. S. Pathmasothy attended the ASEAN/AADCP Workshop on Fish Nutrition in Biaritz, France.

8.29 En. S. Pathmasothy and En. Suhairi Alimon attended International Workshop on Integrated Livestock Production System in Kuala Lumpur on 16.12.91.

the Fish

8.30 All Fisheries Officers and two Assistant Fisheries Officers attended the First AADCP Regional Training Course on Fish Biology and Fish Stock Assessment held in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu.

122

Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Gelang Patah, Johor

8.31 Ng Fong Oon (Head of Centre) attended:

Oyster Culture Seminar at Holiday Inn, Kuala Lumpur from 26 February- 1 March, 1991.

BOBP Review Meeting at Fisheries Headquarters on 2 March 1991 and on 15 November 1991.

Course on Sea Levels, Tides and Current at UTM, Kuala Lumpur from 11 -15 March 1991.

Training Course on Scallop and Sea cucumber at Qingdao, China from 21.05.91 - 24.06.91.

8.32 En. Rosly Hassan attended the Seminar on the Development of Oyster culture in Malaysia at Holiday Inn, K. Lumpur on 26 -28 February, 1991.

8.33 Pn. Fauzidah Othman attended:

Training Management, May 1991.

course on Tropical Fish Health Biotrop, Bogor, Indonesia from 30 April

and 31

Symposium on Tropical Fish Health Management in Aquaculture, Bogor, Indonesia, from 14 - 16 May 1991.

Marine Fish Terengganu

Resource Research Centre, Kuala Terengganu,

8.34 Raja Mohd. Noordin bin Raja Omar (Head of Centre) attended:

Seminar on Management for Quality Research on 21 22 October 1991 in Ipoh.

Fifth International Conference on The Enhancement of Artificial Habitats, 3 - 7 November 1991, U.S.A.

Second IOCjWESTPAC Symposium on Managing the Environment, 2 - 6 December 1991, Pulau Pinang.

Marine

8.35 Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim attended the 1991 Cruise of R.V. HAh~HO-MARU, 13 February - 22 March 1991, Tokyo, Japan.

123

8.36 Mohamed Pauzi bin Abdullah attended:

UNEP-COBSEA Project EAS 19 Second Senior Marine Park Managers from Countries, 11 - 14 March 1991, Penang.

Regional Meeting of the East Asian

Artificial Reef Preparation Course, 10 May - 13 July 1991, Japan.

8.37 Sukarno bin Wagiman attended Artificial Reef Preparation Course, 10 May - 13 July 1991, Japan.

8.38 Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan attended Workshop on Coastal Fishery Resources-cum-Research, 22 - 26 ApriJ 1991, Cebu, Philippines.

Fisheries Research Centre, Bintawa, Sarawak

8.40 Mr. Henry Opang Luhat (Head of Centre) and Mr Richard Rumpet attended a Regional Training Course on Fisheries Oceanography at SEAFDEC Bangkok, Thailand for 6 weeks, from 1 August - 14 September 1991.

8.39 Mr. Albert Chuan Gambang and Mr. Pang Suh Cem resumed duties at the Centre in October 1991 after completing a Master of Science courSe in the united Kingdom.

OKS 92062 f

124

Appendix 1.

Address of Fisheries Research Institute and Its Branches

Head Office:

Fisheries Research Institute, (Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia) , 11700 Gelugor, Penang. Tel. No: 04-872777 / 04-873150 Fax No: 04-876388

Branches:

National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kampong Pulau Sayak, 08500 Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah. Tel. No: 04-474021 / 04-474022 / 04-474023. Fax No~ 04-474470.

Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Batu Berendam, 75350 l1elaka. Tel. No: 06-353497 / 06-353499 Fax No: 06-355705.

Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, 81550 Gelang Patah, Johor. Tel. No: 07-501202.

Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, 21080 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. Tel. No: 09-675135 Fax No: 09-675136.

Marine Fish Fry Production & Research Centre, Tanjong Demong, 22200 Besut, Terengganu. Tel. No: 09-976778.

Fisheries Research Centre, Bintawa, 93744 Kuchillg, Sarawak. Tel. No: 082-331281 Fax No: 082-338143.

125

CARTA ORGANISASI INSTITUT PENYEUOIKAN PERIKANAN MALAYSIA, 1991

INSTITUT PENYELIDIKAN PERIKANAN

GLUGOR, PULAU PINANG

1 I I

Pengarah Penyelidikan Tingkatan Tertinggi 1/ Fir

~ Selcsi Pentadbiran I ! 3 Seksi Penyelldil:.an: IlPusat Peng.&. Peny.Benih J lPUSal Penyelidil:.an Il:.an Air J I Pusa I Penyelidikan Ternakan

ayau, G. Patah, Johor (Sumber, Akual:.ullur, Ekologi). Udang Keb., P.Sayai:,Kedah Tawar, B.Berendam, Me/aka Air P

Kelua Pusal Kelua Pusal Kelua Pusal Peg. Tadbir Am Peg. Pri:. Kn. TfT G 3 Peg. Prl:.. Kn. TIT G Peg.Prl:..Kn.TfT G Peg. Prk. TlKn. Peg. Perpust. Peg. Prk. T/Kn. 5 Peg. Prk. TIKn. 2 Peg.Prl:..T/Kn. Peg. Prl:.. T/B Ketua Peg.T/B. Peg. Prl:.. T/Kn.(J'lera) Peg. Prl:.. TIS. S Peg.Prlc TIB 10 Pen. Peg. Prk.T/Siasa Peg. Kerani Kn. Peg. Prl:.. TIS 27 Pen. Peg. Prl:.. TIS. 4 Pen. Peg.Prl:..TIKn. 1 Peg. Kerani Am T/Kn. Peg. Keranl Am 6 Pen. Peg. Prk. Tl8 7 Pem. Telcnllc 1 Pen. Peg.Prk.T/B 8 Peg. Kerani Am TIB Pem. Perpust. Kaplen TIB Pem. Prl.:. T/B. 7 Pem. Prl:. T/Kh. 4 Pye. Selor T/Biasa Jurutrengl:as Pem. Male TlKh. 4 Pem. Mal:.. 4 Pem. Prl:.. T/B 18 Pem. Mal:. T/Biasa Pefulcis Pem. Mak. TIS 19 Pye. Slor T/B. 1 Pye. Star T/B 1 JUrulaip §'ye. Star TIKn. Pem. Prle. T/B 5 At. Makmal (PAR) 12 Peg. Kerani Am Kn. 1 Jurumudi T/B Pye. StorT/Ren. J/E. lau! TfT 2 Peg. Kerani Kanan 1 Peg. Kerani Am B. 3 Pembantu Am Rendah Jurutaip 4 J/E. laut TlKh. Peg. Keranl Biasa 4 Pem. Ren. Prl::. 2 Tul::ang K3,T/B{J'gegas) .rproses Foto 1 J/E. Laut T/Kn . 3 Penjaga Pejabat Jurulaip T/B. 3 Jaga Pem. Am Rendah 3 Serang TIT 1 Pej. Kolam 3 Oper. Telelon PekerjaAm Tulcang K2 T/B.(P.Pulcat) 2 Serang TIKh. 1 Tul:ang K2 TIB 2 At. Makmal (PAA) 4 Pemandu TuJ.ang K2 T/B.(J'gegas) 1 Serang TIB 2 Pemandu 4 Pelayan Pej. (PAR) 1 Penj.Jentera ltr.T/II Jaga 5 Ald. Malemal TlKhas Jaga 6 Tul::ang K2 TlKn. 1 Pel:erjaAm 5 Ald. Mal:mal T/Biasa 13 Pel::erjaAm 11 TUl:ang K2 T/B. Pemandu 4 Jurumudi TlB 4 Tuleang K3 T/B.

Penj.Klm.tkan 2 73 Pernandu Jenlera 40 Tuleang Masal: 4 Pernandu 4

Kelasi 11 Mandor 3 At. Akuarium 8 Jaga 4 Pem.J/E. laut TIB 3 Pel:erjaAm 30

128 104

Ringkasan Bilangan Jawatan IPP 1991

GlUGOR PULAU BATU GELANG C'RING TG. JUMLAH BINTAWA JUMLAH

SAYAK BERENOAM PATAH T'GGANU OEMONG KECllS/M SARAWAK BESAR \

Kumputan A 39 12 12 5 4 1 73 11 84

Kumpulan B 8 5 9 2 - 1 25 1 26

Kumpulan C 50 17 27 7 11 6 118 28 146

Kumpulan 0 72 39 66 24 15 9 215 45 260

JUMLAH 169 73 104 38 30 17 431 85 516

4

2

1

4

7

1

3

8

2

38

P.Peny.Sumber I~an Marin Pusal Pengo Benih Ikan laut Pusat Peny. Perikanan

Bintawa, Sarawak Cenderin9, TereoQQanu T9. Demong, Terengganu

Kelua Pusal

Peg Pr~ T/Kn.

Peg. PrK.T/B.

Pem Ma/( TIB

Pem Prlc TIB

Jurulel:nil: TIB

J/E. Laul TIT

J/E. Laul TlKh.

J/E. Laut TIKn.

Serang TfT

Serang TlKh.

Serang TIB

Peg Kerani TIB

Jurutaip TIB

Jurumudi

TUkang Masal:

Pem. J/E. lau!

Kelasi

Nelayan

Pemandu

PelcerjaAm

Ketua Pusal

Peg Prlc TIB

3 Pen Peg Prl:

2 Pem Prl: TIB

Pem Male TIB

Peg Keranl Ren

1

2

4

4

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Tukang K2 TlB

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5 Pen. Peg. Laut

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Dereber M/Bot

Plel. Kump.Ren.(Sem)

1

10

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10

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11

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85