Fisheries of narmada river in india (3)
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Transcript of Fisheries of narmada river in india (3)
FISHERIES OF NARMADA
RIVER IN INDIA
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Prof. S.K. Das Charan Kanudan S.
Department of FRM, Department of FRM,
Faculty of fishery science, M.F.Sc 1st yr 1st sem.
094, kolkata. [email protected]
NARMADA RIVER
Narmada is sanskrit word by means “ The doner of
plessure”. Also called as “rewa”.
The Narmada River is the only river in India that flows in
central India between North India and South India.
Narmada river rising in Madhya Pradesh state that runs
from east to west along with the Tapti River and the Mahi
River. Narmada flows over a length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi)
before draining through the Gulf of Cambey (Khambat)
into the Arabian Sea, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city
of Gujarat.
All rivers in india flows from waste to east but narmada
and tapti flows from east to waste.
CONT……..
Narmada River has a huge water resources potential for
agriculture and economy of the region. More than 90% of
water flow occurs during the monsoon months of June to
September.
The Narmada river is considered extremely holy by the Hindus.
CONT…….
The source of the Narmada is a small tank called
Narmada Kund located on the Amarkantak hill, in the
Anuppur District of eastern Madhya Pradesh. From the
Amarkantak hill range the river descends at the
Kapildhara.
Narmada: A history of controversy
Project began in 1979
3,200 dams to be built along 1,312km Narmada river
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan likely to benefit
Opponents says it will displace 200,000 people and damage ecology
To be fully complete by 2025
Farmland will be submerged. Poor lose out
DATA OF NARMADA
Length of Narmada River (Km) : 1312
Catchment Area (Sq.km.) : 98796
Average Water Resource Potential (MCM) : 45639
Utilizable Surface Water Resource(MCM) : 34500
Live Storage Capacity of Completed Projects (MCM) : 17622.0
Live Storage Capacity of Projects Under Construction (MCM) : 6834.70
Total Live Storage Capacity of Projects (MCM) : 24456.70
No. of Hydrological Observation Stations of CWC : 26 (including 8 Gauge site)
No. of Flood Forecasting Stations of CWC : 4
THE RIVER FLOWING THROUGH…..
The Narmada water Disputes Tribunal has allocated the Narmada water amongst the States as below:
Madhya Pradesh : 18.25 Million Acre Feet
Gujarat : 9.0 Million Acre Feet
Rajasthan : 0.5 Million Acre Feet
Maharashtra : 0.25 Million Acre Feet
Total : 28.0 Million Acre Feet
The total length of the river is 1,312 km and for the first 1079km it flows in Madhya Pradesh and thereafter forms thecommon boundary between Madhya Pradesh andMaharashtra for 35 km, and Maharashtra and Gujarat for 39km. In Gujarat State it stretches for 159 km. Its importanttributaries are the Burhner, the Banjar, the Sher, the Shakkar,the Dudhi, the Tawa , the Ganjal, the Kundi, the Goi and theKarjan which joins from left whereas the Hiran, the Tendoni,the Barna, the Kolar, the Man, the Uri, the Hatni and theOrsang joins from right.
ECONOMY
The valleys of River Narmada are very important for the
economically development of the region. There are various
handicraft works and other small-scale industries along the
Narmada. The dams on Narmada river benefits include provision
drinking water, power generation and irrigation facilities. The
Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (NWDT) final order determined
the utilizable quantum of Narmada waters to be 28,000,000 acre
feet (3.3×1010 m3) allocated it to the four states as…
Party States Allocated share of water
Madhya Pradesh 18,250,000 acre feet (22.51 km3)
Gujarat 9,000,000 acre feet (11 km3)
Maharashtra 250,000 acre feet (0.31 km3)
Rajasthan 500,000 acre feet (0.62 km3)
Total 28,000,000 acre feet (35 km3)
Rehabilitation and resettlement of Displaced Peoples
- In New Jalud village infrastructure like School, Dispensary, Seed-Storage, - Roads, Drainage, Electrification and Water Supply is complete.
Old HouseNew house
New water facility
Improved Quality of Life
• Project would meet the
drinking water needs of 8215
villages and 135 urban centres
which are today suffering from
acute shortage of water.
Sardar Sarovar dam
The reservoirs would, therefore, offer tremendous opportunities for fisheriesdevelopment which would ultimately benefit the fishermen socially andeconomically in the respective areas.
Create new ecosystems e.g . in reservoirs. Can be used economically.
Large water bodies shall be created as a result of various dams being constructed on the river Narmada & its tributaries.
TRIBUTERIES OF NARMADA RIVER
41 tributeries out of 22 from satpuda range and rest of
from vindhya range.
Its principal tributaries are on the right bank:
1) Hiren ,2) Tendoni ,3) Barna ,4)kolar ,5)Man ,6)Uri ,
2) 7)Hatni ,8) Orsang.
Principal tributaries are on the left bank:
1) burhner , 2) banjar ,3) sher ,4) sarkar ,5) dudhi ,
6) tawa ,7) ganjal ,8) chhota tawa ,9) kundi ,10) goi ,
11) karjan
FISHERIES OF NARMADA RIVER….
effective catchments area of this river system is
98796 sq. km and 6330 sq. km of its all tributaries.
This river system comprises of total 19 tributaries,
of which 17 in Madhya Pradesh and 2 in Gujarat.
This river system receives and annual rain fall of
12” – 115”.
Narmada river harbors 84 fish species belonging to
23 genera. The contribution of carps in commercial
fishery is of the order of 60.4%, followed by
catfishes of 34.1 % and miscellaneous fishes of
5.5%.
CONT….
The carp fish groups are:
Tor tor; Labeo. frimbriatus; L.calabasu;
L.bata; L.gonius; Cirrhinus. reba; Puntius.
sarana etc,
cat fish groups such as :
Mystus senghala ; M.aor ; M. cavasius; Wallago.
Attu ; Clupisoma garua; Ompak bimaculatus.
miscellaneous fish groups :
like Channa spp, Mastacembalus spp; Notopterus
notopterus.
GEAR USED IN RIVER
Cast nets, gill nets and longlines are
the fishing gears that are generally
used in these waters.
CONT……
After construction of Sardar Sarovar Dam on river
Narmada a major part of the running water is being
converted in to stagnant water.
The fish diversity is correlated with biological and
various physico-chemical parameters that regulate the
productivity and distribution of different species of the
fishes. The fish population is abundant and majority of
fishes are exploited for human consumption.
CONT…..
The major fish abundance was noticed viz. majorcarps, minor carps and cat fishes.
The several species of fish belonging orderClupiformes,Cypriniformes,Beloniformes,Opiocephaliformes,Mastacambelliformes, Siluriformes andPerciformes. In which maximum 37 species belongingto the order Cypriniformes.
The fish species diversity was decreasing. DiversityIndex was lowest 0.53 in March and was highest 1 inOctober in the year 2006- 2007. The main reasonsbehind the decline of species are habitat destruction,introduction of exotic species, pollution and overfishing.
CONT…..
The Narmada River is the fifth longest in India. It’s
already been dammed in several places but the main
dam, the Sardar Sarovar is closet to the Sea. In the river
Narmada carps should be in major quantity but in spite of
that data’s are reflecting that the No. of cat fish are
increasing rather than the carps. Therefore fish species
and Ecological condition of our area is being changing.
No. of species are decreasing it mean’s species diversity
in the descending order. The first information regarding
the ichthyofaunal assemblage of river Narmada is
credited to 1, who recorded 40 species of fish.
CONT……
Hilsa migration in Narmada which generally
commenced in July when the first flood occurred.
77 species have recorded. 84 species belonging to
45 genera. Many workers have also studied the fish
fauna of river Narmada. 150 species belonging to
26 families. In spite of this rich diversity, literature
concerning numerical studies of fish diversity is
scarce.
CONT…..
Species Diversity of fishes are measured by the
following methods-
Species Diversity = No. of Species/ Total Number
of individuals x 100
DIVERSITY OF SPECIES………..
Specie Diversity of Fishes in River Narmada (2006-07) Month Species Diversity
September 0.91
October 1(high diversity)
November 0.81
December 0.57
January 0.81
February 0.89
March 0.53 (low diversity)
April 0.67
May 0.78
June 0.67
July 0.53 (low diversity)
August 0.54
RECORDED SPECIES ARE……
List of fishes recorded in River Narmada during Sep. 2006to Aug.2007.
ORDER FAMILY GENERA
Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Catla catla
Cirrihinus mrigala
Labeo rohita
Aspidoparia jaya
Cirrihinus cirrihosa
Cirrihinus reba
Crossochelius latius
Discognathus lamta
Labeo calbasu
Labeo fimbriatus
Labeo bata
CONT…… Labeo gonius
Nemacheilus botia
Oreichthys cosuatis
Osteobrama cotio
Puntius chola
Puntius sarana
Puntius sophorae
Tor putitora
Tor tor
Clarius batrachus
Mystus aor
Mystus seenghala
Oxygaster bacaila
Puntius ticto
Ctenopharygdon idella
Cyprinus carpio
Hypothalmicthys moltrix
CONT……
Siluridae :
Ompok bimaculatus
Ompok pabo
Wallago attu
Bagridae :
Mystus bleekeri
Mystus cavasius
Rita rita
Rita pavimentata
Schielbeidae :
Clupisoma garua
CONT…… Heteropneustidae :
Heteropneustes fossilis
Clupiformes :
Clupeidae
Gudusia chopra
Notopteridae :
Notopterus notopterus
Notopterus chitala
Beloniformes :
Belonidae :
Xenthodon cancila
Ophiocephaliformes
Ophiocephalidae :
Channa marulius
Channa punctatus
Channa striatus
CONT….. Perciformes :
Centropomidae
Chanda nama
Nandidae
Nandus nandus
Gobioidae
Glassogobius giuris
Anabantidae
Colisa faciatus
Mastacembalef ormes;
Mastacembelidae
Mastacembelus armatus
Mastacembelus pancalus
Siluriformes :
Pangasiidae
Pungasius pangasius
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND
CONSERVATION
Large water bodies shall be created as a result ofvarious dams being constructed on the riverNarmada & its tributaries. After construction of thedams, the fishing pattern will change from lentic tolotic in the upstream areas. The reservoirs would,therefore, offer tremendous opportunities forfisheries development which would ultimatelybenefit the fishermen socially and economically inthe respective areas. With proper stocking andbetter management, it is possible to achieve aproduction of 40-60 Kg. per ha. in a period of 20years.
CONT….. The average water area of six projects coming up on Narmada river and
its tributaries of the lower Narmada Zone, the production and employment
potential (for fishermen) are given in the table below :
SNo. Reservoir Average
Productive
Area (Ha.)
Estimated
Rate of
Production on
full
development
(Kg./Ha.)
Total
estimated
Annual
Production
(M. Tones)
No. of
oustees
Fishermen to
be employed
1 Indira Sagar 59029 40 Kg. 2360 2000
2 Omkareshwar 8330 45 Kg. 375 375
3 Maheshwar 4816 50 Kg. 241 240
4 Man 698 60 Kg. 42 45
5 Jobat 942 60 Kg. 56 60
6 Sardar Sarovar
(M.P. Zone)10000 (MP Zone) 40 Kg. 400 400
Total 83815 49.16 3474 3120
CONT…..
It is contemplated to adopt a two tier co-operative
structure with primaries at the base level and Apex/
Federal body at the regional level for the
exploitation of fish from the reservoirs. On full
development, these projects would not only
generate employment opportunities from fish
production but employment would also be provided
through different allied occupations viz hatchery
management, seed production, fish marketing, net
making, packing of fish, ice factories, boat
operation and also in other ancillary industries like
basket making, pattal making, transport of fish etc.
Fishermen would be getting better remunerations
which will ensure increase in their per capita
income.
PATTERN OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE
RESERVOIRS OF NARMADA VALLEY :
The fisheries conservation and development activities
including marketing of the fish catch will be looked after
by M.P. Matsya Mahasangh (Sahkari) Maryadit the Apex
body. The primary fishermen cooperative societies of the
oustees will be given exclusive fishing rights of the
reservoirs.
CONCLUSION:
The results indicate that reduction in the overallabundance of fish fauna in recovery compared toreference is a clear indication of the effect of habitdestruction. it was also revealed that the river has notrecovered in the studied stretch. There is definitely somekind of disturbances in the river which is causingreduction in the abundance of fish fauna. Thedisturbances visibly seen were local fish harvest bytraditional means of fish catch or unseen means likeillegal use of electrical appliances or poisoning of the fishfauna using plants herb extraction by the local people. Anurgent need exists for studying the life history traits anddemography of the most important threatened fishes, aslack of information on these aspects have significantlyaffected conservation efforts.
REFERENCE :
International Journal of Advanced Research (2013), Volume 1, Issue 3, 20-25
Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences ___________________________ ISSN 2320 – 6535 Vol. 1(6), 18-20, July (2013) Res. J. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sci. International
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada_River
https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fschoolsonline.britishcouncil.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2FRiver%2520Narmada.ppt&ei=sBfNUubyJcPsrAevqYDICA&usg=AFQjCNE1vS4jSXFe_8hB583bYDAIvl_LUA
http://www.geogonline.org.uk/GG5GenBKi3_Narmada%20Scheme.ppt