Fish protozoa
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Transcript of Fish protozoa
• Phylum: Ciliophora (ciliates)
• Phylum: Mastigophora (flagellates)
• Phylum: Apicomplexa…Eimeria
• Phylum: Sporozoa
Subphylum: Microspora
Subphylum: Myxospora…Myxobolus & Henneguya
Ichthyophthirius multifilis
Chilodonella sp.
Trichodina sp.
host Fresh & ornamental fish
Fresh water fish Fresh &marine water fish
site Skin , gills, fins Skin & gills Skin , gills, fins
Patho. White spot disease/Ich disease/
Ichthyophthriosis:•Small whitish nodules (salt-like dusting).may coanlesce »mucoid masses on skin.•Rub against objects » epith. erosions » ulceration & excess mucous » 2ndry bact.
•Skin » excess mucous» 2ndry bact.•Gills » difficult respiration.
Greyish patch disease
•Fed epith. »hyperplasia gill &skin »gill clubbing »gill fusion » affect resp.•Heavy infection:Ulcers(superficial to deep) »2ndry bact.•Extensive fish mortality
Greyish patch disease
Ichthyophthirius multifilis(Ich parasite(
Morph:
Mature form:
1mm, round or oval, covered by cilia
Macronucleus…horse shoe
Micronucleus…..round
Immature form:
Smaller &translucent.
Life cycle: direct, binary fission
TomontWater
Dividing/reproductive
FishTrophont
(parasitic /feeding stage)
Tomitesswarmers
TherontsI.S.
Trichodina speciesMorph: sun- like/ disc-like
20-100µm
Outer ciliated layer:
Mem. with long cilia
middle striated layer:
Verticle straition connect bet. outer&innner
inner denticular layer:
Tooth like bands (circular saw) jointed together from crown like skeleton.
Chilodonella speciesMorph: heart like
Provided with longitudinal raws of cilia.
60-80µm.
Macronucleus & micronucleus at post ⅓.
Vent surface…..flat.
Dors. Surface….convex
Trypanosoma species
Hexamita sp. Ichthyoboda)Costia) sp.
host Fresh & marine water fish
Fresh water fish Fresh &marine water fish
site BloodLeeches (I.H.(
intestine Skin , gills, fins
Patho. •trypanosoma» haemolysin »haemolysis »anemia » pale gills.•Heavy infection: death in young fish
Hexamitosis:•Anorxia, loss appetite.•Thin fish with larged head (pinheads(.•Swollen abdomen » yellowish jelly like sub. in intestine&stomach•Enteritis&cholecystitis.•Head ulceration(hole(•Corkscrew motion or at one side
Blue slime disease: copious mucous production, thin fish with unthrifty appearance.Corkscrew swimming pattern (difficult to identify small size(
Trypanosoma species
Morph: leaf- like
Long &slender
15-130µm.
Flagellum (free flagella+ undulating membrane(
Nucleus: oval & central
Life cycle: indirectmode of transmission: injection
LeechesStomach
(Epimastigote…trypomastigote(
FishBlood
TrypomastigoteI.S
Mouth of leechestrypomastigote
Hexamita species
Morph: pyriform
Dorsoventrally flattened.
7-14 x 3-10µm.
Nuclei: 2 in no. ant. & oppose each other
flagellae:
3pairs…ant. 1pair…recurrent through post. End
I.S.: cyst (2nuclei( & trophozoite. Reproduce by binary fission.
Costia speciesMorph: smallest ectoparasite
Free/detached/moblie form:
Body: flat, asymmetrical, oval.
10x5µm (small).
Dors…convex
Vent…concave
2 pairs of flagella (posteriolaterally) inside flagellar pocket
Swim in hesitant spiral way
Attached form:
pyriform
Phylum: ApicomplexaEimeria species
Morph:
Oocyst with thin wall, has 4 sporocyst.
Each cyst contain 2 sporozoites.
Host: fresh & marine water fish
Site: swim bladder, gonads, stomach, intestine, liver, spleen
sporozoite
ZygoteNon sporulated oocyst
Fishsporulated oocyst
IntestineSchizont (merozoites)
shizogony
Macro &
microgametesgametogony
Pathogenesis:
Asymptomatic in intestinal form but induce necrosis, enteritis, emaciation &poor health condition.
Microspora Myxobolus)Myxosoma)
cerebralis
Henneguya sp.
host Fresh & marine water fish
salmonid Fresh &marine water fish
site Various tissues Head &vertebral column cartilage
Skin , gills, Ms,organs
Patho. Small tumor-like masses (firm to soft) may enlarge & impair organ function causing sever morbidity &/ mortality.e.g.: Glugea..whitish cyst like (few mm in diameter)
Whirling disease:Ch. Deplitating dis. chch. By:Dark tail color(black tail disease) &tail chasing behaviour»2-8ws.Circular movement (whirling) »2-3mths.Ch.: deformity in head &spinal curvature
Milky spot disease:Excess mucous production.macro. or microscopic white/ yellowish cysts bet. Resp. folds of gills (bunch of grape) »difficult resp. &pressure atrophy of int. organs.Heavy infection»death
Phylum: SporozoaA) subphylum: Microspora
Morph:Producing unicellular spore 3-10µm, egg-shaped, thick walled with post. vacuole.
Contain sporoblasm &hatching apparatus (polar tube)
Gm+ve
Includes:
Pansporoblastina…spores surround by vescile.
Apansporoblastina… free sporesv: vaculoe
N: nucleus
P: polar tube
V
NP
SporoplasmFishspores
target organsSchizogony sporogony
Macro&
microspores
Gills skin
after death
Life cycle: direct
b) subphylum: Myxospora Myxosoma (Myxobolus) cerebralis
Morph:
Producing multicellular spore 7-9µm, oval to circular.
Contain sporoblasm &iodinophilous (glycogen) vacuole
Takes 2 months at 19oc
Henneguya species
Morph:
Spore: ovoid with 2 polar capsules & 2 whip like caudal processes.
Each capsule contained coiled polar filament.
Life cycle:
Direct
Fish ingest spores….intestine…blood…int. organs