Katie Minor Fish ID PROJECTCoach Arrington5/18/2012

Title:Marine Fish Species #:1

Common Name: Amberjack

Scientific Name: Seriola DumeriliClass: actinopterygii Order: Perciformes

Family: carangidae Genus: Seriola

Species: dumerili

Geography / Habitat: In North America greater amberjack occur off Hawaii, off the coasts of Florida, and in nearby Caribbean waters. Greater amberjack are found mostly in offshore waters and at considerable depths, as well as around offshore reefs, wrecks, buoys, and oil rigs.

Life Strategy: The greater amberjack often occurs in schools, but it is not primarily a schooling fish and occasionally remains solitary. Migrations appear to be linked to spawning behavior

Food / Feed Strategy: Greater amberjack feed on fish, crabs, and squid.

Body Form or Style: The greater amberjack has short foredorsal fins, a bluntly pointed head, and no detached filets Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Citation: http://www.jerrylabella.com/amberjack.htm

Title: Saltwater Fish Species #:2

Common Name: Northern Anchovy

Scientific Name: engraulisClass: actinopterygii Order: Clupeiformes

Family: engraulidae Genus: Engraulis

Species: mordox

Geography / Habitat: World’s ocean in temperate waters. In the eastern Pacific, the northern anchovy is found from northern Vancouver Island south to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California

Life Strategy: Northern anchovies spawn through the year, although they do so mainly in the winter and the early spring. Spawning occurs in near shore and offshore environs, predominantly in depths of less than 33 feet and in temperatures of 50° to 55°F

Food / Feed Strategy: Larvae of marine crustaceans such as plankton, euphausids, copepods, and decapods

Body Form or Style: Slender body, rounded in cross-section, with keel on belly, rounded, protuberant snout and very long jaw.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: lower jaws that extend behind the eyes Citation: www. fish watch.gov/seafood.../ anchovy /.../ northern _ anchovy .htm

Title: Saltwater Fish Species #:3

Common Name: Angel fish

Scientific Name: PterophyllumClass: osteichthyes Order: periformes

Family: cichlidae Genus: Pterophyllum

Species: scalare

Geography / Habitat: They are a relatively abundant fish along the length of the Amazon River in south America. Angelfish generally swim in the soft acidic waters, where there are numerous tree roots and vegetation. They also inhabit the floating meadows of the Amazon basin. They are also found in slow-moving rivers, with little current and the grassy lakes in Peru, Ecuador and Brazil.

Life Strategy: These fish are hermaphroditic; all are born as females with the dominant fish changing sex to males. Spawning takes place when a male and female release sperm and eggs into the water column above the reef. The tiny larvae that are formed then go through several complex developmental stages

Food / Feed Strategy: brine shrimp, blackworms, tubifex worms, whiteworms, daphnia, glassworms, and baby guppies, just to name a few. Fry can and will readily devour newly hatched brine shrimp

Body Form or Style: relatively flat or laterally compressed fish that attain a body size of approximately 3 inches

Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Citation: marinebio.org/species.asp?id=81 Title: Saltwater Fish Species #:4

Common Name: Great Barracuda

Scientific Name: Sphyraena

Class: actinopterygii Order: Perciformes

Family: animalia Genus: Sphyroeidae

Species:S. barracucla

Geography / Habitat: Great barracuda range from Massachusetts to Brazil, although not in abundance from the Carolinas northward. They are caught mainly around Florida, in the Florida Keys, in the Bahamas, and throughout the West Indies. Found in bays, inlets, lagoons, and the shallows of mangrove islands, as well as around reefs, wrecks, piers, sandy or grassy flats, and coastal rivers where saltwater and freshwater mingle.

Life Strategy: Young barracuda under 3 pounds usually inhabit shallow waters, such as harbors and coastal Lagoons, until they become adults and live farther offshore, sometimes far out to sea. Smaller barracuda will occasionally school, but the large ones are typically solitary

Food / Feed Strategy: The great barracuda eats whatever is available in its habitat; needlefish, small jacks, and mullet are among the mainstay

Body Form or Style: Sagittiform. The great barracuda is long and slender,with a large, pointed head and large eyes.

Swim / Locomotion Style:Thunniform Mouth Position: Citation: www.seaworld.org/animal-info/animal.../great-barracuda.htm

Title: Saltwater Species #:5

Common Name: Pacific Barracuda

Scientific Name: Sphyraena argentaClass: actinopterygii Order: Perciformes

Family: Sphyraenidae Genus: Sphyraena

Species: Sphyraena

Geography / Habitat: Pacific barracuda prefer warmer water. Only caught off California during the spring and the summer, they are caught in Mexican waters throughout the year, reflecting a northerly spring migration and a southerly fall migration.

Life Strategy: Spawning takes place off outer Baja California in the open ocean, peaking in June but extending from April through September. The eggs are pelagic, and once they hatch, the young come inshore and stay in the shallow, quiet bays and coastal waters while they grow. When small, they travel in schools, although adults are normally solitary. They are naturally curious and attracted to shiny objects.

Food / Feed Strategy: The Pacific barracuda feeds by sight, rather than by smell, and eats small anchovies, smelt, squid, and other small, schooling fish.

Body Form or Style: The Pacific barracuda is slim-bodied, with a tapered head Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: large canine teeth in a lower jaw that projects beyond the upper jaw Citation: marinebio.org/species.asp?id=44

Title: Saltwater Species #:6

Common Name: Kelp Bass

Scientific Name: Paralabrax clathratusClass: actinopterygii Order: Periformes

Family: Serranidae Genus: Paralabrax

Species:P. clathratus

Geography / Habitat: Kelp bass typically linger in or near kelp beds, over reefs, and around rock jetties and breakwaters or structures in shallow water; larger fish hold in deeper water, to roughly150 feet.

Life Strategy: Spawning occurs from May through September and peaks in July. Kelp bass do not migrate and instead tend to be territorial.

Food / Feed Strategy: An omnivorous feeder, kelp bass favor assorted fish and small shrimplike crustaceans when young. Adults consume anchovies, small surfperch, and other small fish.

Body Form or Style: elongatedand compressed bass shape Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Citation: www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/183858

Title: Saltwater Species #:7

Common Name: Striped Bass

Scientific Name: MonroneClass: Actinopterygii Order: Peciformes

Family: moronidae Genus: M. sazatilis

Species: M. saxatilis

Geography / Habitat: inhabit saltwater, freshwater, and brackish water, although they are most abundant in saltwater. They are anatropous and migrate in saltwater along coastal inshore environs and tidal tributaries. They are often found around piers, jetties, surf troughs, rips, flats, and rocks

Life Strategy: The spawning fish swim near the surface of the water, turning on their sides and rolling and splashing; this display is sometimes called a “rock fight.” The semi buoyant eggs are released and drift with the current until they hatch 2 to 3 days later, depending on the water temperature.

Food / Feed Strategy: feeds heavily on small fish, including large quantities of herring, menhaden,

flounder, alewives, silversides, eels, and smelt, as well as invertebrates such as worms, squid, and crabs

Body Form or Style: It has a long body and a long head, a somewhat laterally compressed body form

Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: protruding lower jaw Citation: www.wolframalpha.com/entities/species/striped_bass/vd/9g/8a/

Title: Saltwater Species #:8

Common Name: Batfish

Scientific Name: OgocephalusClass: Actinopterygii Order:Lophiformes

Family: Ogcocephalidae Genus:

Species:

Geography / Habitat: Most batfish are found along reefs, dwelling anywhere from the water’s edge out as far as 1,500 feet. Some species prefer shallower water, but most batfish remain in deeperwaters between 200 and 1,000 feet. Shallow-water species frequent clear water, mostly in rocky areas oraround the bases of reefs; deep-water species prefer more open muddy, or claybottoms.

Life Strategy:Batfish partly hide by covering themselves in sand or mud during the day, and they swim at night.

Food / Feed Strategy:Mostly feeding on polychaete worms and crustaceans, batfish also eat other fish.

Body Form or Style: The head and the trunk of the batfish are broad and flattened, having either a disk or a triangular

shape, and its body is covered with broad spines Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position:The mouth is small but capable of opening broadly. Citation:www.seafocus.com/species_batfish.html

Title: Saltwater Species #:9

Common Name: Bluefish

Scientific Name: Pomatomus saltatrixClass:Actinopterygii Order:Periformes

Family: Pomatomidae Genus: Pomatomus

Species:P. saltatrix

Geography / Habitat: Favoring temperate to tropical waters, bluefish range along rocky coasts and in deep, troubled waters, although they are known to be sporadic, if not cyclical, in occurrence and location.

Life Strategy: Atlantic coast bluefish spawn mainly in the spring in the South Atlantic Bight and duringSummer in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Bluefish migrate out to open sea to spawn, anywhere from 2 miles offshore to the continental platform.

Food / Feed Strategy: Insatiable predators, bluefish feed on a wide variety of fish and invertebrates but target schools of menhaden, mackerel, and herring. They feed in large groups, viciously attacking schools of smaller fish.

Body Form or Style: The body shape is fairly long, stout, and compressed, with a flat-sided belly.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: The mouth is large and has extremely sharp, flattened, and triangular teeth Citation: www.dnr.state.md.us/fisheries/fishfacts/bluefish.asp

Title: Saltwater Species #:10

Common Name: Bonefish

Scientific Name: AlbulavulpesClass: Actinopterygii Order: Albuliformes

Family: Albulidae Genus: Albula

Species: A.vulpes

Geography / Habitat: Occurring in warm coastal areas, bonefish inhabit the shallows of intertidal waters, including around mud and sand flats, as well as in mangrove lagoons. They are also found in waters up to 30 feet deep and are able to live in oxygen-poor water because they possess lung likeBladders into which they can inhale air.

Life Strategy: The particulars of bonefish reproduction are not well known, although it is thought thatbonefish spawn from late winter to late spring, depending on locale.

Food / Feed Strategy: Bonefish feed on crabs, shrimp, clams, shellfish, sea worms, sea urchins, and small fish. They prefer feeding during a rising tide, often doing so near mangroves.

Body Form or Style: The bonefish has armor plates, instead of scales Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:suckerlike mouth and snout-shaped nose Citation: www.encyclopedia.com › ... › Animals › Vertebrate Zoology

Title: Saltwater Species #:11

Common Name: Atlantic Bonito

Scientific Name: Sarda sardaClass: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes

Family: Scombridae Genus: sarda

Species: S.sarda

Geography / Habitat: Atlantic bonito occur in brackish water and saltwater, particularly in tropical and temperate coastal environs. Schooling and migratory, they often inhabit surface inshore waters.

Life Strategy: Spawning occurs from January through July. Bonito reach sexual maturity at about 16 inches in length. Spawning usually takes place close to shore, in warm coastal waters.

Food / Feed Strategy: Living in open waters, the Atlantic bonito feeds primarily at or near the surface, in schools that are often 15 to 20 miles offshore but are found close to shore as well. Adults prey on small schooling fish and will also eat squid, mackerel, menhaden, alewives, anchovies, silversides, and shrimp; in addition, they tend to be cannibalistic. They feed during the day but are especially active at dawn and dusk.

Body Form or Style: Completely scaled body a noticeably curved lateral line, and six to eight finletson the back and the belly between the anal fin and the tail.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Citation: www.landbigfish.com › Fish

Title: Saltwater Species #:12

Common Name: Pacific Bonito

Scientific Name: Sarda chiliensisClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Scombridae Genus: Sarda

Species:S.c.lineolata

Geography / Habitat: Bonito live in surface to middle depths in the open sea and are migratory.Older fish usually range farther from the coast than do juveniles. Bonito may arrive off the coast in the spring as ocean waters warm, but they may not show up at ally oceanic conditions produce colder than normal temperatures. Bonito, Their greatest area of abundance occurs in the Northern Hemisphere inwarm waters between Magdalena Bay, Baja California, and Point Conception, California

Life Strategy: Pacific bonito form schools by size; at 2 years old, they reach sexual maturity. Spawning occurs sometime between September and February. The free-floating eggs require about 3days to hatch at average spring water temperatures

Food / Feed Strategy: Pacific bonito prey on smaller pelagic fish, as well as on squid and shrimp, generally in surface waters. Anchovies and sardines appear to be their preferred foods.

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: www.thefreedictionary.com/Pacific+bonito

Title: Saltwater Species #:13

Common Name: Sea Bream

Scientific Name: Archosargus rhomboidalisClass: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes

Family: Sparidae Genus: Acanthopagrus

Species:

Geography / Habitat: Sea bream are abundant in estuaries, and some are found in deeper, offshore waters. Some move up into brackish water but not into freshwater. In the estuarine environment, bream frequent sea grass beds, underwater reefs and rocks, bridge pilings that grow mussels, and oyster beds. Appears in the western Atlantic Ocean from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Argentina, including the Caribbean and the West Indies.

Life Strategy: with spawning occurring at 24 hour intervals over a period of up to 3 months. Eggs hatch in the open sea from October to December, with sequenced spawning during the whole period. Females are batch spawners and lay between 20,000 and 80,000 eggs every day during this period. Incubation lasts for around 2 days. Egg size is approximately 1mm, with larval length at hatching around 3mm.

Food / Feed Strategy: Are largely omnivorous and feed on crustaceans; crayfish; mollusks, including oysters and mussels; small fish; worms; and algae. Some will also eat bread, chicken gut, mullet gut, cheese, and meat, all of which are sometimes used for bait.

Body Form or Style: Its bluish back is streaked with gold, the belly is silvery, and there is a black spot on each side just above the pectoral fins.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Depressiform Mouth Position: Citation www.manta.com/c/mm333w1/sea-brim-east

Title: Saltwater Species #:14

Common Name: Atlantic Bumper

Scientific Name: Chloroscombrus chrysurusClass:actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: carangiclae Genus: chloroscombrus

Species:C. chrysurus

Geography / Habitat: In the western Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic bumper are found north to Massachusetts, off Bermuda and south to Uruguay, as well as in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Bumper are said to be absent from the Bahamas and the Caribbean. The Pacific bumper ranges from Peru to California. Inhabiting brackish and saltwater, bumper occur over soft bottoms in shallow water. They are common in bays, lagoons, and estuaries.

Life Strategy: Small bumper have been observed in offshore waters, but they frequently range along sandy beaches. They travel in extensive schools, and juveniles are often found in association with jellyfish.

Food / Feed Strategy:

Body Form or Style: doesn’t have a high back, it has an extended belly and a very thin body. With anoverall silvery coloring

Swim / Locomotion Style: Compressiform Mouth Position: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_bumper

Title: Saltwater Species #:15

Common Name: Butterfish

Scientific Name: Peprilus trilustriacanthusClass:actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: stromateidae Genus:Stromateus

Species:triacanthus

Geography / Habitat: Inhabiting the western Atlantic Ocean, butterfish occur in waters off eastern Newfoundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada, ranging down the North American coast to Palm Beach, Florida. They are also found in the Gulf of Mexico. Butterfish live and feed in large, dense schools along the coast in near-surface waters less than 180 feet deep and in the 40° to 74°F range. They may also inhabit brackish waters and in the winter may move into deeper water. Juveniles are usually associated with floating weeds and jellyfish

Life Strategy: Spawning occurs once a year from May through August in offshore waters. The eggs float freely until they hatch within 2 days; juveniles enter coves or estuaries to conceal themselves in floating weeds and among jellyfish tentacles for protection from predators.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feeding primarily on jellyfish, butterfish are one of very few fish that eat such low nutrition foods. Their diet also consists of assorted small worms, crustaceans, squid, shrimp, and fish.

Body Form or Style:the butterfish has a very thin and deep body and a blunt head. Swim / Locomotion Style: Depressiform Mouth Position: www.sea-ex.com/fishphotos/butterfi.htm

Title: Saltwater Species #:16

Common Name: Pink Salmon

Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus gorbuschaClass:Actinopterygii Order: salmoniformes

Family: salmonidae Genus: oncorhynchus

Species:O. gorbuscha

Geography / Habitat: Pink salmon have been introduced to Newfoundland and to the westerncoast of Lake Superior and currently maintain populations in these locations; there have been sporadicReports of pink salmon in Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Quebec since their introduction into Newfoundland. These anatropous fish spend 18 months at sea and then undertake a spawning migration to the river or stream of their birth, although they sometimes use other streams. They tend to migrate as far as 40 miles inland of coastal waters, occasionally moving farther.

Life Strategy: spawning runs; these occur from July through mid-October in Alaska. Adults die soon after spawning.

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed primarily on plankton, as well as on crustaceans, small fish, and squid. They do not feed during the spawning run.

Body Form or Style: Has a hump that appears between the head and the dorsal fin and develops by the time the male enters the spawning stream, as does a hooked upper jaw, or kype.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: www.alaskan-adventures.com/alaska-pink-salmon.htm

Title: Saltwater Species #:17

Common Name: Capelin

Scientific Name: mallotus villosusClass:actinopterygii Order:osmeriformes

Family: osmeriformes Genus: mallatus

Species:M. villosus

Geography / Habitat: Capelin are found in the North Atlantic, especially in the Barents Sea up to Beard Island; in the White and the Norwegian Seas; off the coast of Greenland; and from Hudson Bayto the Gulf of Maine. Inhabiting saltwater, capelin are pelagic and live in the open seas.

Life Strategy: Between March and October, capelin move inshore in large schools to spawn in shallow saltwater areas over fine gravel or on sand beaches; however, some may spawn at great depths. Spawning occurs more than once, and each female produces between 3,000 and 56,000 eggs; these are released at high tide and hatch in 2 to 3 weeks.

Food / Feed Strategy: Capelin feed primarily on plankton crustaceans.

Body Form or Style: Males have larger and deeper bodies than do females; also, the male has an anal fin with a strongly convex base, whereas the female has a straight anal fin base.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Sagittiform Mouth Position:Has a large mouth with a lower jaw that extends below each eye. www.fisheries.is › Main species › Pelagic fishes

Title: Saltwater Species #:18

Common Name: Pacific Sanddab

Scientific Name: CitharichthyssoridusClass: Order:pleuronect

Family: paralichthyidae Genus: citharichthys

Species:

Geography / Habitat: These flatfish are found on sand bottoms in water that ranges from 30 to 1,800 feet deep, but they are most abundant at depths of 120 to 300 feet. They are common in shallow coastal water from British Columbia to California.

Life Strategy: Females are larger than males and normally mature at age 3, at roughly 8 inches in length. They produce numerous eggs, and each fish probably spawns more than once in a season. The peak of the spawning season is July through September.

Food / Feed Strategy: The diet of Pacific sand dabs is wide ranging andincludes small fish, squid, octopus, shrimp, crabs, and worms.

Body Form or Style: The body of the Pacific Sand dab is oblong and compressed. Swim / Locomotion Style: Depressiform Mouth Position: www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/mspcont8.asp

Title: Saltwater Species #:19

Common Name: Gafftopsail Catfish

Scientific Name: Bagre marinusClass:actinopterygii Order:siluriformes

Family: ariidae Genus: bagre

Species:B. marinus

Geography / Habitat: These fish range along the western Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Panama and throughout the Gulf of Mexico, being abundant along Louisiana and Texas. Prefer deeper channels, particularly brackish water in bays and estuaries with sandy bottoms of high organic content. They prefer water temperatures between 68°and 95°F.

Life Strategy: Gaff-topsail catfish move in large schools and migrate from bays and estuaries to shallow open waters of the Gulf of Mexico in the winter. This movement and migration in gulf coastal and estuarine waters are related to spawning activity and environmental conditions. Spawning takes place in the waters of inshore mud flats between April and July and has some unusual characteristics.

Food / Feed Strategy: Crabs, shrimp, and various small fish make up their diet, but like all catfish, gaff-topsails have broad dietary interests.

Body Form or Style: Compressiform. a robust body, with a depressed broad head, featuring a few flattened barbels

Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gafftopsail_

Title: Saltwater Species #:20

Common Name: Milkfish

Scientific Name: chanos chanosClass:Actinopterygii Order:gonorynohiformes

Family: chanidae Genus: chanos

Species:C. chanos

Geography / Habitat: In the eastern Pacific, milkfish occur from San Pedro, California, to the Galápagos Islands. Adults travel in schools along continental shelves and around islands where there are well developed reefs and where temperatures exceed 68°F. Milkfish flourish in water a shot as 90°F.

Life Strategy: Milkfish spawn in shallow, brackish water, and a single fish may produce 9 million eggs.

Food / Feed Strategy: Milkfish larvae feed on zooplankton, whereas juveniles and adults eat bacteria, soft algae, small benthic invertebrates, and sometimes pelagic fish eggs and larvae.

Body Form or Style: a streamlined and compressedbody Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:a small, toothless mouth en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkfish

Title: Saltwater Species #:22

Common Name: Atlantic Cod

Scientific Name: Gadus MorhuaClass:actinopterygii Order:gadiformes

Family: gadidae Genus: gadus

Species:G. morhua

Geography / Habitat: These fish are found primarily off the coasts along the continental shelf. They prefer cool water of 30° to 50°F and may reside in depths of up to 200 fathoms. Adults are generally found in water over 60 feet deep, whereas juveniles may be found in shallower water; both move deeper during the summer.

Life Strategy: The spawning season is during December and January off the Mid-Atlantic Bight and from February through April farther north.

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous feeders, cod are primarily active at dawn and dusk. Their primary diet is invertebrates and assorted fish. Very young cod feed on copepods and other small crustaceans while at the surface and, after dropping to the bottom, on small worms or shrimp.

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: www.arkive.org › FishTitle: Saltwater Species #:23

Common Name: Striped Mullet

Scientific Name: mugil cephalusClass:Actinopterygii Order:mugiliformes

Family: Mugilidae Genus: mugil

Species:M. cephalus

Geography / Habitat: The striped mullet is cosmopolitan in all warm seas worldwide and is the only member of the mullet family found off the Pacific coast of the United States. The fantail mugilt occurs in the western Atlantic in Bermuda and from Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil.

Life Strategy: Mullet are schooling fish found inshore in coastal environs. Many species have the unusual habit of leaping from the water with no apparent cause. Adult striped mullet migrate offshore in large schools to spawn.

Food / Feed Strategy: Mullet feed on algae, detritus, and other tiny marine forms; they pick up mud from the bottom and strain plant and animal material from it through their sieve-like gill rakers and pharyngeal teeth.

Body Form or Style: Cpmpressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/.../stripedmullet/stripedmullet.html

Title: Saltwater Species #:24

Common Name: Roosterfish

Scientific Name: mematistius pectoralisClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: nematisiidae Genus: N. pectoralis

Species:N. pectoralis

Geography / Habitat: Endemic to the eastern Pacific, roosterfish occur from San Clemente in Southern California to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands; they are rare north of Baja California, Mexico .Roosterfish inhabit shallow inshore areas, such as sandy shores along beaches. They are often found around rock outcroppings and rocky islands. Young fish are often found in tidal pools.

Life Strategy:

Food / Feed Strategy: Roosterfish consume assorted small fish, with large roosters (50 pounds and over) being capable of capturing even bonito up to 2 pounds in size.

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: www.jimporter.org/guest/masterson/panama1.shtml

Title: Saltwater Species #:25

Common Name: Rainbow Runner

Scientific Name: elagatis bipinnulataClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: carangidae Genus: elagatis

Species:E. bipinnulata

Geography / Habitat: Found worldwide in marine waters, the rainbow runner occurs in the western Atlantic, from Massachusetts throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico to northeastern Brazil. In the eastern Pacific, it occurs from the mouth of the Gulf of California, Mexico, to Ecuador, including the Galapagos Islands. Rainbow runners form either small polarized groups or large schools that usually remain at or near the surface, although they can inhabit depths of up to 120 feet. They occur over reefs and in deep, clear lagoons, preferring areas with a current.

Life Strategy:

Food / Feed Strategy: Rainbow runners feed on invertebrates, small fish, and squid.

Body Form or Style: The rainbow runner has slender body that is more elongated than those of most other jacks.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_runner

Title: Saltwater Species #:26

Common Name: Sailfish

Scientific Name: istiophorus playpterrusClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: istiophorus Genus: istiophorus

Species:I. playtpterus

Geography / Habitat: Sailfish occur worldwide in tropical and temperate waters of the Atlantic, theIndian and the Pacific Oceans.

Life Strategy: Like other pelagic species that spawn in the open sea, the sailfish produces large numbers of eggs, perhaps 4 to 5 million. These are fertilized in the open water, where they float with plankton until hatching. Sailfish grow rapidly and reportedly can attain 4 to 5 feet in length in their first year.

Food / Feed Strategy: Sailfish eat squid, octopus, mackerel, tuna, jacks, herring, ballyhoo, needlefish, flying fish, mullet, and other small fish. They feed on the surface or at mid-depths.

Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunnifrom Mouth Position: animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/sailfish/

Title: Saltwater Species #:27

Common Name: Atlantic Salmon

Scientific Name: salmo salarClass: Actinopterygii Order: salmoniformes

Family: salmonidae Genus: salmo

Species:S. salar

Geography / Habitat: Atlantic salmon spend most of their lives in the ocean, ascending coastal rivers to spawn. They are found in freshwater only during their spawning runs.

Life Strategy: Spawning usually occurs in gravel bottoms at the head of riffles or the tail of a pool in the evening or at night. Exhausted and thin, they often return to sea immediately before winter or remain in the stream until spring. Some survive to spawn a second time.

Food / Feed Strategy :In the ocean, salmon grow rapidly, feeding on crustaceans and other fish such as smelt, alewives, herring, capelin, mackerel, and cod. They do not feed during their upstream spawning migration.

Body Form or Style: Compressiform, Its body is long and slim, and in adults the caudal or tail fin is nearly square

Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: www.bio.umass.edu/biology/conn.river/salmon.

Title: Saltwater Species #:28

Common Name: Silver Perch

Scientific Name: bairdiellla chrysouraClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: terapontidae Genus: Bidyanus

Species:B. bidyanus

Geography / Habitat: Silver perch occur from New York southward along the Atlantic coast and also in the Gulf of Mexico. The silver perch is an inshore fish, most common in bays, sea grass beds tidal creeks, small rivers, and quiet lagoons near estuaries. It is sometimes found in brackish marshes and also occasionally in freshwater.

Life Strategy: The silver perch migrates offshore in the winter and returns inshore to breed in the spring. Spawning occurs inshore between May and September in shallow, saline areas. Silver perch reach maturity by their second or third year, when 6 inches long.

Food / Feed Strategy: Adults consume crustaceans, worms, and small fish.

Body Form or Style: The body of the silver perch is high andcompressed Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: www.aquablueseafoods.com.au/silver-perch.shtml

Title: Saltwater Species #:29

Common Name: Pilot Fish

Scientific Name: naucrates ductorClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: carangidae Genus: naucrates

Species:N. ductor

Geography / Habitat: Warm or tropical open seas

Life Strategy: The pilot fish congregates around sharks, rays, and sea turtles, where it eats ectoparasites on and leftovers around the host species; younger pilot fish are usually associated with jellyfish and drifting seaweeds. They are also known to follow ships, sometimes for huge distances

Food / Feed Strategy: is carnivorous and follows sharks and ships apparently to feed on parasites and leftover scraps of food. It was formerly thought to lead, or “pilot,” larger fishes to food sources.

Body Form or Style: The pilot fish is elongated and has a forked tail Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/460635/pilot-fish

Title: Saltwater Species #:30

Common Name: Eulachon

Scientific Name: Thaleichthys pacificusClass:Actinopterygii Order:Osmeriformes

Family: Osmeridae Genus:Thaleichthys

Species:T. pacificus

Geography / Habitat: This fish is common throughout cool northern Pacific waters, with a range from west of St. Matthews Island and Kuskokwim Bay in the Bering Sea, and BowersBank in the Aleutian Islands to Monterey Bay in California. This fish is found near shore and in coastal inlets and rivers. It spends its life at sea prior to spawning.

Life Strategy: Eulachon, as anatropous fish, spend most of their adult lives in the ocean but return to their natal freshwater streams and rivers to spawn and die. As such, one stream may see regular large runs of eulachon while a neighboring stream sees few or none at all. Regular annual runs are common but not entirely predictable, and occasionally a river which has large runs sees a year with no returns; the reasons for such variability are not known.

Food / Feed Strategy: The eulachon feeds on planktonic crustaceans. It forms an important part of the diet of many ocean and shore predators, and serves as a prominent food source for people living near its spawning streams.

Body Form or Style: The eulachon is a small slender fish, with stubby adipose fin just in front

of the tail Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: The lower jaw projects slightly beyond the tip of the snout en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulachon

Title: Saltwater Species #:31

Common Name: Gulf Flounder

Scientific Name: Paralichthys albiguttaClass: Order:

Family: Genus:

Species:

Geography / Habitat: Gulf flounder inhabit sand, coral rubble, and sea grass areas near shore. They often range into tidal reefs and are occasionally found around near shore rocky reefs. They commonly favor depths of up to 60feet.

Life Strategy: Spawning season is in the winter offshore.

Food / Feed Strategy: The gulf flounder feeds on crustaceans and small fish.

Body Form or Style: Depressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: www.centralfloridafishingreport.com/FishProfile/24.html

Title: Saltwater Species #: 32

Common Name: Southern Flounder

Scientific Name: Paralichthys lethostigmaClass: Actinopterygii Order: Pleuronectiformes

Family: Achiropsettidae Genus:Paralichthys

Species: P. lethostigma

Geography / Habitat: As an estuarine dependent bottom fish, the southern flounder commonly inhabits inshore channels, bay mouths, estuaries, and sometimes freshwater. It is tolerant of wide range of temperatures (50° to 90°F) and is often found in waters where salinity fluctuates from 0 to 20parts per thousand. No other flounder of the eastern United States is regularly encountered in this type of environment. Anglers regularly catch this fish inshore from bridges and jetties.

Life Strategy: Southern flounder spawn in offshore waters. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, they move out of bays and estuaries in the fall; this occurs quickly if there is an abrupt cold snap, but it happens more slowly if there is gradual cooling. Spawning occurs afterward, in the late fall and the early winter. A female typically releases several hundred thousand eggs, which hatch and migrate into the estuaries and change from upright swimmers into left-eyed bottom dwellers.

Food / Feed Strategy: The southern flounder feeds partly by burying itself in the sand and waiting to ambush its prey. Small flounder consume shrimp and other small crustaceans, whereas larger flounder eat blue crabs, shrimp, and fish such as anchovies, mullet, menhaden, Atlantic croaker, and pinfish.

Body Form or Style: Depressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: www.seagrantfish.lsu.edu/biological/misc/southernflounder.htm

Title: Saltwater Species #: 33

Common Name: Starry Flounder

Scientific Name: Platichthys stellatusClass: Actinopterygii Order: Pleuronectiformes

Family: Pleuronectidae Genus:Platichthys

Species: P. stellatus

Geography / Habitat: It is usually found near shore over mud, sand, or gravel bottoms. Often entering brackish or freshwater, the starry flounder ismost abundant in shallow water but can be found in depths of at least 900 feet. Juveniles are often intertidal. The starry flounder ranges from central California to Alaska, and south from the Bering Sea to Japan and Korea. This is one of the most numerous fish of central Northern California backwaters, particularly in San Francisco Bay

Life Strategy: Spawning occurs in the late winter and the early spring in California waters less than 25 fathoms deep.

Food / Feed Strategy: Adult starry flounder consume a variety of items, including crabs, clams, shrimp, and sand dollars. Large individuals also eat some fish, such as sardines, sand dabs, and surfperch.

Body Form or Style: Depressiform. head is pointed, and it has a small mouth. The anal spines strong. The caudal fin is square or slightly rounded

Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: www.psmfc.org/habitat/edu_flounder_fact.html

Title: Saltwater Species #:34

Common Name: Black Grouper

Scientific Name: Mycteroperca bonaciClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Serranidae Genus:Mycteroperca

Species:M. bonaci

Geography / Habitat: Black grouper are found away from shore, near rocky and coral reef sand drop off walls in water more than 60 feet deep. Although black grouper typically drift just above the bottom, young fish may inhabit shallow water in shore, and adults occasionally frequent open water far above reefs. Black grouper occur from Bermuda and Massachusetts to southern Brazil, including the southern Gulf of Mexico

Life Strategy: Black grouper spawn between May and August. As in many species of grouper, the young start out predominantly female, transforming into males as they grow larger.

Food / Feed Strategy: Adult black grouper feed mainly on fish and sometimes squid, and juveniles feed mainly on crustaceans.

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position:

myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/fish/saltwater/.../black-grouper/

Title: Saltwater Species #:35

Common Name: Goliath Grouper

Scientific Name: Epinephelus itajara

Class:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Serranidae Genus:Epinophelus

Species:E. itajara

Geography / Habitat:Goliath grouper inhabit inshore waters andare usually found in shallowwater at depths between 10and 100 feet. They preferrocky bottoms, reefs, ledges,dock and bridge pilings, andwrecks, where they can findrefuge in caves and holes. Found in the estern Atlantic including the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern Pacific.

Life Strategy:There is some indication that the goliath grouper starts out as a female and undergoes a sex change later in life, as occurs in certain grouper. Spawning takes place over the summer months.

Food / Feed Strategy:A sluggish but opportunistic feeder, the goliath grouper feeds chiefly on crustaceans, especially spiny lobsters, as well as on turtles, fish, and stingrays.

Common Name: Goliath Grouper Scientific Name: Epinephelus itajara Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Saltwater Species #:36

Common Name: Common Dolphin

Scientific Name: Coryphaena hippurusClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Coryphaenidae Genus:Coryphaena

Species:C. hippurus

Geography / Habit: The commondolphin is found worldwidein tropical and subtropicalwaters. In the westernAtlantic, it occurs in areasinfluenced by the warmwaters of the Gulf Streamand has been caught

as farnorth as Prince EdwardIsland and as far south asRío de Janeiro. In the easternPacific, it ranges from Peruto Oregon.

Life Strategy: Spawning season begins primarily inthe spring or early summer and lasts several months inwarmer waters. Dolphins reach sexual maturity in their firstyear of life and produce a large volume of eggs.Dolphins are schooling fish and are often congregated inlarge numbers, sometimes by the thousands.

Food / Feed Strategy:Common dolphin are extremely fast swimmers andfeed in pairs, small packs, and schools, extensively consuming whatever forage fishes are most abundant. Flyingfishand squid are prominent food in areas where these exist,and small fish and crustaceans that are around floating sar-gassum weed are commonly part of the diet, especially forsmaller dolphin. Dolphins are very aggressive feeders, andthey can move extremely fast to capture a meal.

Common Name: Common Dolphin Scientific Name: Coryphaena hippurus Body Form or Style: The body is slender and streamlined, tapering sharply form head to tail. Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position:

Title: Saltwater Species #:37

Common Name: Black Drum

Scientific Name: Pogonias cromisClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Sciaenidae Genus:Pogonias

Species:P. cromis

Geography / Habitat: Black drum are found in the western Atlantic Ocean, from Massachusetts to southern Florida and across the Gulf of Mexico to northern Mexico. They rarely occur north of New Jersey. An inshore bottom fish, the black drum prefers sandy bottoms in salt or brackish waters near

Jetties, breakwaters, bridge and pier pilings, clam and oyster beds, channels, estuaries, bays, high marsh areas, and shorelines. Life Strategy: Black drum adults form schools and migrate in the spring to bay and river mouths for the spawning season; in the Gulf of Mexico this is from February to May.

Food / Feed Strategy: Adult black drum feed on crustaceans and mollusks, with a preference for blue crabs, shedder crabs, shrimp, oysters, and squid. They locate food with their chin barbells and crush and grind shells with their pharyngeal teeth.

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: www.lagooner.com/fish-species/index.php?species_id=4Title: Saltwater Species #:38

Common Name: Crevalle Jack

Scientific Name: Caranx hipposClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Carangidae Genus:Caranx

Species:C. hippos

Geography / Habitat: The crevalle jack is distributed across the tropical and temperate waters of the Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Nova Scotia, Canada to Uruguay in the west Atlantic and Portugal to Angola in the east Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea.

Life Strategy: Spawning occurs offshore from March through September. Young fish occur in moderate to large fast-moving schools, and crevalle jacks occasionally school with horse-eye jacks, although larger fish are often solitary.

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed on shrimp, other invertebrates, and smaller fish. Crevalle jacks will

often corner a school of baitfish at the surface and feed in a commotion that can be seen for great distances, or they will chase their prey onto beaches and against sea-walls.

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: www.lagooner.com/fish-species/index.php?species_id=9

Title: Saltwater Species #:39

Common Name: King Mackerel

Scientific Name: Scomberomorus cavallaClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Scombridae Genus:Scomberomorus

Species:S. cavalla

Geography / Habitat: King mackerel are primarily an open-water, migratory species, and preferring warm waters that seldom fall below 68°F. They often occur around wrecks, buoys, coral reefs, ocean piers, inlets, and other areas where food is abundant. In the western Atlantic, king mackerel range from Massachusetts to Río de Janeiro, Brazil, including the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, although they are only truly abundant off southern Florida.

Life Strategy: Male king mackerel become sexually mature between their second and third years and female fish between their third and fourth years. They spawn from April through November, and activity peaks in the late summer and the early fall. A large female may spawn 1 to 2.5 million eggs.

Food / Feed Strategy: King mackerel feed mainly on fish, as well as on a smaller quantity of shrimp

and squid.

Body Form or Style: Fusiform. The streamlined body is dark gray above and silver on the sides. Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: www.lagooner.com/fish-species/index.php?species_id=12

Title: Saltwater Species #:40

Common Name: Blue Marlin

Scientific Name: Makaira nigricans and Makaira mazaraClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Istiophoridae Genus:Makaira

Species:M. nigricans

Geography / Habitat: This species occurs in tropical and warm temperate oceanic waters. In theAtlantic Ocean, it is found from 45°north to 35°southlatitude and in the Pacific Ocean from 48°north to48°south latitude. It is less an abundant in the eastern portions of both oceans. In the northern Gulf of Mexico.

Life Strategy:

Food / Feed Strategy: Blue marlin feed on squid and pelagic fish, including assorted tuna and mackerel, as well as on dolphin. They feed on almost anything they can catch, in fact, and they feed according to availability, rather than selectivity. Because they require large quantities of food, they are scarce when and where prey is limited.

Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim / Locomotion Style:Thunniform Mouth Position: animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/blue-marlin Title: Saltwater Species #:41

Common Name: Tiger Shark

Scientific Name: Galeocerdo cuvierClass:Chondrichthyes Order:Carcharhiniformes

Family: Carcharhinidae Genus:Galeoderdo

Species:G. cuvier

Geography / Habitat: The tiger shark frequents shallow water where people swim in tropical and temperate waters. The tiger shark is often found close to the coast, in mainly tropical and sub-tropical waters worldwide, though they can reside in temperate waters.

Life Strategy: Although some sharks will attack and kill humans without necessarily eating them, the tiger shark is especially fear-some because it is well known as a man-eater, often devouring the remains of its victims.

Food / Feed Strategy: Its usual diet consists of fish, seals, birds, smaller sharks, squid, turtles, and dolphins. It has sometimes been found with man-made waste such as license plates or pieces of old tires in its digestive tract and is often referred to as "the wastebasket of the sea".

Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position:Title: SaltwaterSpecies #:42

Common Name: The Great White Shark

Scientific Name: Carcharodon carchariasClass:Chondrichthyes Order:Lamniformes

Family: Lamnidae Genus:Carcharodon

Species:C. carcharias

Geography / Habitat: Life Strategy:These sharks primarily inhabit coastal regions where the water temperature ranges. However, they are found in large numbers around the southern coast of Australia, California, South Africa, and Mexico. The maximum population inhabits the coastal region around the Dyer Island in South Africa.Life Strategy:This shark is ovoviviparous. Females give birth to 4 to 14 live pups and may only reproduce 4 to 6 litters in a lifetime. White sharks reach sexual maturity at 10 to 12 years of age.

Food / Feed Strategy:The white shark preys upon a variety of fishes and marine mammals. Fish such as salmon, hake, halibut, mackerel and tunas are common prey, as are marine mammals such as harbor porpoises and harbor seals. However whites also eat other sharks, sea turtles and seabirds. They may also feed upon blubber from dead whale carcasses. Examination of the stomach contents of one great white caught off Deer Island, New Brunswick revealed three porpoises within it.

Body Form or Style: Sagittitorm Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth PositionTitle: Saltwater Species #:43

Common Name: Swordfish

Scientific Name: Xiphias gladiusClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Xiphiidae Genus:Xiphias

Species:X. gladius

Geography / Habitat: Swordfish occur in tropical, temperate, and occasionally cold waters of the Atlantic, the Pcific, and the Indian Oceans. They generally migrate between cooler waters in the summer to warmer waters in the winter or spawning. In the Atlantic Ocean, swordfish range from Canada to Argentina. They typically inhabit waters from 600 to 2,000feet deep and are believed to prefer waters where the surface temperature is above 58°F,

Life Strategy: Swordfish swim alone or in loose aggregations, separated by as much as 40 feet from neighboring swordfish. They are frequently found basking at the surface, airing their first dorsal

Food / Feed Strategy: Swordfish feed daily, mostoften at night. They may rise to surface and near-surface waters in search of smaller fish or prey upon abundant for-age at depths to 1,200 feet. Squid is the most popular food item, but they also feed on menhaden, mackerel, bluefish ,silver hake, butterfish, herring, and dolphin.

Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position:Title: Saltwater Species #:44

Common Name: Blackfin Tuna

Scientific Name: Thunnus atlanticusClass:Actinopterygii Order:Periciformes

Family: Scombridae Genus:Thunnus

Species:T. atlanticus

Geography / Habitat: The blackfin is a pelagic,schooling fish that occurs inthe tropical and warm temperate waters of thewestern Atlantic from Brazilto Cape Cod, including theCaribbean and the Gulf ofMexico. It is most commonfrom North Carolina southand is Florida’s most abundant tuna.

Life Strategy:The blackfin’s spawning grounds arebelieved to be well offshore. Off Florida, the spawning season extends from April through November, with a peak inMay; in the Gulf of Mexico, it lasts from June through September.

Food / Feed Strategy:The diet of blackfin tuna consists of small fish, squid, crustaceans, and plankton. Blackfinoften feed near the surface, and they frequently form largemixed schools with skipjacks.

Body Form or Style:Fusiform, have football shaped bodies, black backs with a slight yellow on the finlets, and have yellow on the sides of their body

Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:Title: Saltwater Species #:45

Common Name: Stingray

Scientific Name: Class:Chondrichthyes Order:Rajiformes

Family: Dasyatidae Genus:

Species:

Geography / Habitat: Sand and mud bottoms from intertidal to 20m. Inhabits coastal areas, estuaries, and rivers. Capable of existing year round in freshwater environments.Life Strategy:Ovoviviparous. Male often follows female with his snout close to her cloaca and nibbles and bites her disc. Breading period from October to March. Gestation period April to August. Gives birth from mid to late summer in Florida

Food / Feed Strategy:

Body Form or Style: Depressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Octraciiform Mouth Position:mouth, nostrils, and gill slits are situated on its underbelly

Title: Saltwater Species #:46

Common Name: Clown fish

Scientific Name: Amphiprion ocellarisClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Pomacentridae Genus:Amphiprion

Species:A. ocellaris

Geography / Habitat: Clownfish live among the stinging tentacles of the anemone but are not harmed due to a secretion that covers their bodies.

Life Strategy:Clownfish lay their eggs in batches on the clear coral or rock adjacent to the anemone, or at the base of the male guards the eggs until they hatch 4-5 days later. In some species of clownfish, the male cares for the young until they reach sexual maturity, at which time they leave to find their own host anemone.

Food / Feed Strategy:It catches most of its food by cooperating with its host anemone. The clownfish will leave the safety of the anemone's tentacles and swim out among the nearby reef. Its brilliant colors attract larger fish, who, lured by the thought of a meal, follow it back to the anemone and are stung by the anemone one's tentacles. The anemone then consumes the fish, and the clownfish feeds on the remains.

Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position:Title: Saltwater Species #:47

Common Name: Rockfish

Scientific Name: Sebastes paucispinisClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Genus:Sebastes

Species:S. paucispinis

Geography / Habitat: Generally live in the waters of the continental shelf and are always found in rocky bottom areas. They are found along the coasts of North America in the Pacific waters.

Life Strategy:

Food / Feed Strategy:Adult rockfish feed on a variety of food items. Adultsfeed on sand lance, herring, and small rockfish, as well ascrustaceans.

Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position:

Mouth Position:Title: Saltwater Species #:48

Common Name: Needlefish

Scientific Name: trongylura marinaClass:Actinopterygii Order:Beloniformes

Family: Belonidae Genus:tylosurus

Species:T. marina

Geography / Habitat: In Alabama, the Atlantic needlefish is usually found near the surface of large rivers and in the lower reaches of large tributaries, preferring open water. Is common inhabitant of coastal waters from Maine to Brazil. In Alabama it has invaded fresh waters, occurring in coastal rivers and estuarine environments, in the Mobile basin upstream to the Fall Line, and in the Tennessee River drainage.

Life Strategy:Spawning occurs in late spring and summer, when females produce sinking, filamentous eggs that attach themselves to each other or to submerged objects.

Food / Feed Strategy:All needlefish feed primarily on smaller fishes, which they catch with a sideways sweep of the head. In addition some species will also take plankton, swimming crustaceans, and small cephalopods.

Title: Saltwater Species #:49

Common Name: Spotted Seatrout

Scientific Name: Cynoscion nebulosus

Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim / Locomotion Style:

Class:Actinopterygii Order:Periformes

Family: Sciaenidae Genus:Cynoscion

Species:C. nabulosus

Geography / Habitat: Found around the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. They are mostly abundant along the coasts of Georgia, Florida, Alabama, and Texas. They are bottom dwelling species. It prefers sandy and grassy bottoms.

Life Strategy:Spotted seatrout are schooling fish and are not considered migratory, as they rarely move more than 30 miles,although they do move into deeper waters or deep holes toavoid cold temperatures. Juveniles spend 2 to 4 years inshallow, grassy areas and then tend to move into thenearshore passes and along beaches.

Food / Feed Strategy: Spotted seatrout are predatory,feeding primarily on shrimp and small fish. When shrimpare scarce, they often consume mullet, menhaden, and silversides. The larger specimens feed more heavily on fish.Juveniles feed on grass shrimp and copepods.

Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Saltwater Species #:50

Common Name: Bull Shark

Scientific Name: Carcharhinus leucasClass:Chondrichtyes Order:Carcharhiniformes

Family: Carcharhinidae Genus:Carcharhinus

Species:C. leucas

Geography / Habitat: Bull sharks are widespread; they inhabit the westernAtlantic from Massachusetts to southern Brazil, and theeastern Pacific from southern Baja California, Mexico, toEcuador and possibly Peru.

Life Strategy:

Food / Feed Strategy:

Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position:

Title:Freshwater Species #:51

Common Name: Black Bass

Scientific Name: Micropterus dolomieuClass:Actinopterygii Order:PerciformesFamily: Centrarchidae Genus:MicropterusSpecies: M. cataroctae, M. dolomieu, M. coosae

Geography / Habitat: Rocky Mountains in North America, from the Hudson Bay basin in

Canada to northeastern Mexico.Live among dark water tend to be rather torpedo shaped and very dark brown in order to be more efficient for feeding.Typically hide next to logs, docks, underwater ridges, submerged brush and rocks, or near an abrupt drop-off.

Life Strategy:In New Mexico, black bass start spawning when water temperatures reach 63 degrees. The male selects a sunny spot in gravel shallows, courts a female, and persuades her to deposit eggs in his nest. The male discharges milt to fertilize them, then guards the eggs until they hatch. Food / Feed Strategy:feed on small fish, crayfish, worms, lizards, insects, mice, small birds, and frogs

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: The upper jaw of smallmouth bass extends to the middle of the eye

Title:Freshwater Species #:52

Common Name: Flathead Catfish

Scientific Name: Pylodictis olivarisClass:Actinopterygii Order:Siluriformes

Family: Ictaluridae Genus:Pylodictis

Species:P. olivaris

Geography / Habitat: Lower Great Lakes to northern Mexico. Large rivers of the Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio Basins. Deep pools, lakes and large slow-moving rivers.

Life Strategy:They reach sexual maturity between the third and sixth year. Spawning season is from late May through August, when the water temperature is between 75° and 80° F.

Food / Feed Strategy:flatheads prey only on live fish

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Lower jaw protrudes beyond the lower jaw.

Title: Freshwater Species #: 53

Common Name: Hybrid Striped Bass

Scientific Name: Morone chrysops x saxatilisClass: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes

Family: Monidae Genus: Morone

Species: M. Saxitilis

Geography / Habitat: ponds, Maryland, Rhode Island, South Carolina and Ketucky. Migrate between fresh and saltwater. Habitats include shores, bays, and estuaries.

Life Strategy: can live in both freshwater and saltwater environments. In coastal populations, individuals may ascend streams and travel as much as 100 miles inland to spawn. These generally ascend tributaries of the lakes or reservoirs where they spend their lives. Spawning begins in the spring when water temperatures approach 60°F

Food / Feed Strategy: They are large fish-eating predators that specialize in hunting open water fish like shad.

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Protruding lower jaw

Title: Freshwater Species #:54

Common Name: Large Mouth Bass

Scientific Name: MicropterusClass:Actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Centrarchidae Genus:Micropterus

Species:M. salmides

Geography / Habitat: State fish of Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Tennessee. Found in lakes and reservoirs. They seek protective cover such as logs, rock ledges, vegetation, and man-made structures. They prefer clear quiet water, but will survive quite well in a variety of habitats.

Life Strategy:Adult largemouth bass are the top predators in the aquatic ecosystem. At about two inches in length they become active predators

Food / Feed Strategy: Fry feed primarily on zooplankton and insect larvae. Adults feed almost exclusively on other fish and large invertebrates such as crayfish. Larger fish prey upon smaller bass

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Their upper jaw reaches far beyond the rear margin of the eye.

Title: Freshwater Species #:55

Common Name: Alligator Gar

Scientific Name: AtractosteusClass:actinopterygii Order:lepisisteiformes

Family: lepisosteidae Genus:artactost

Species:A. spatula

Geography / Habitat:sluggish pools and backwaters of large rivers, baijous and lakes

Life Strategy:They appear to spawn in the spring beginning sometime in May. Eggs are deposited in shallow water.

Food / Feed Strategy:Adults feed primarily on fish, but will also take waterfowl. This species is able to tolerate greater salinities that other gar species and feeds heavily on marinecatfish when they are available.

Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:two rows of large teeth on either side of the upper jaw in large young and

adults

Title: Freshwater Species #:56

Common Name: American Eel

Scientific Name: Anguilla Rostrata

Class:actinopterygii Order:angvilliformes

Family: anguillidae Genus:Anguilla

Species:A. rostrata

Geography / Habitat: Hides in mud, sand, or gravel very close to the shore. Known from Greenland to Brazil, it probably spans a wider range of latitudes than any other species in North America. American eels occur as far west as New Mexico, and are common throughout the Caribbean and the West Indies.

Life Strategy:Adult eels spend most of their lives in freshwater, although the amount of time may vary among individuals. At some point, however, adults leave their freshwater habitats and

move toward the Sargasso Sea

Food / Feed Strategy:The diet of the nocturnal feeding American eelsincludes insect larvae, small fish, crabs, worms, clams, andfrogs. They also feed on dead animals or on the eggs of fishand are able to tear smaller pieces of food that are too largeto be swallowed whole.

Body Form or Style: Angulliform Swim / Locomotion Style: Angulliform Mouth Position:The largemouth extends as far back as the midpoint of the eye or past it

Title: Freshwater Species #:57

Common Name: American Shad

Scientific Name: Alosa sapidissimaClass:actincptierygii Order:clupeiformes

Family: clupeidae Genus:alosa

Species:A. sapidissina

Geography / Habitat: Lives in the sea, but swims up fresh rivers to spawn.

Life Strategy:Most fish spawn for the first time when they weigh 3-5 pounds. The fish swim upriver and as far inland as 300 miles. These migrations usually take place in April in southern rivers and through July in northern regions. Even Beginning as early as mid November in Florida.

Food / Feed Strategy:Primarily feed on plankton, swimming with their mouths open and gill covers extended while straining the water. They also eatsmall crustaceans, insects, fish eggs, algae, and small fish.

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:Upper jaw with a smaller or larger median notch; lower jaw not protruding

beyond upper jaw, teeth missing in examples greater than 8 inches

Title: Freshwater Species #:58

Common Name: Atlantic Sturgeon

Scientific Name: Acipenser OxyrinchusClass:actinopterygii Order:acipenseriformes

Family: scipenseridae Genus:acipenser

Species:A. oxyrinchus

Geography / Habitat: Its range extends from New Brunswick, Canada to the eastern coast of Florida.They stay in blackish water where they are born before moving to the ocean.

Life Strategy:Atlantic sturgeon may take anywhere from seven to twenty-three years to become sexually mature, depending on the sex and temperature of the water. When mature, they travel upstream to spawn. The females may lay 800,000 to 3.75 million eggs in a single year, doing so every two to six years. After laying their eggs females will travel back downstream, but males may remain upstream after spawning until forced to return downstream by the increasingly cold water

Food / Feed Strategy:Sturgeons are bottom-feeders. This combination of a subterminal mouth and barbels make the sturgeon well designed for sensing and capturing benthic prey.Their diet consists of worms, crustaceans, insect larvae, and mollusks.

Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:It has a longer snout than other sturgeons and has four barbels at the

side of its mouth. Their mouth is located on the underside their head.

Title: Freshwater Species #:59

Common Name: Black Crappie

Scientific Name: Pomoxis NigromaculatusClass:actinoptetygii Order:Periformes

Family: centrarchidae Genus:pomxis

Species:P. nigromaculatus

Geography / Habitat: Weed beds or submerged objects like logs.The native range extends into Canada and east to the coastal plain south of Virginia. Currently, populations of black crappie can be found in each of the 48 contiguous United States

Life Strategy:Spawning occurs in the early spring and the summer in water temperatures between 62-68 degrees f. They spawn over gravel areas or other soft material in nest of colonies.

Food / Feed Strategy:Adults feed on fewer fish, and more insects and crustaceans.

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: it has a large mouth with an upper jaw extending under the eye

Title: Freshwater Species #:60

Common Name: Blue Catfish

Scientific Name: ctalurus furcatusClass:actinopterygii Order:ictulurus

Family: ictaluridae Genus:siluriformes

Species:I. furcatus

Geography / Habitat: Primarily in the Mississippi River drainage including Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, and Arkansas river.Primarily large-river fish, occurring in main channels, tributaries, and impoundments of major river systems. They tend to move upstream in the summer in search of cooler temperatures, and downstream in the winter in order to find warmer water.

Life Strategy:They spawn in the spring or early summer. Nests are constructed by one or both parents, usually among crevices and holes under logs and trees and undercut banks.

Food / Feed Strategy:invertebrates still comprise the major portion of the diet, blue catfish as small as four inches in length have been known to consume fish. Individuals larger than eight inches eat fish and large invertebrates

Body Form or Style: Subittiform, bottom fish Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position

Title: Freshwater Species #:61

Common Name: Blue gill

Scientific Name: Lepomis MarcrochiusClass:actinopterygii Order:Periformes

Family: centrarchidae Genus: lepomis

Species:L. macrochirus

Geography / Habitat: Native to wide areas of North America from Quebec to Northern Mexico

Life Strategy:Bluegills begin spawning when water temperatures reach about 70°F. Spawning may peak in May or June, but continues until water temperatures cool in the fall. Because of their long spawning season, bluegills have very high reproductive potential, which often results in overpopulation in the face of low predation or low fishing pressure

Food / Feed Strategy:Young fish feed on plankton, but as they grow the diet shifts to aquatic insects and their larvae. Up to 50% of their diet may consist of midge larvae.

Common Name: Bluegill Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style Carangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:62

Common Name: Blacktail Redhorse

Scientific Name: Moxostana PeocilurumClass:actinopterygii Order:cypriniformes

Family: catostamidae Genus:moxostoma

Species:M. duquesnei

Geography / Habitat: Backtail redhorse are widespread and often abundant in rivers, reservoirs, small to large streams, swamps, and the Mobile Delta. They occur in swift to standing water over sand, silt, rock, or gravel substrates and around aquatic vegetation.

Life Strategy:Spawning occurs in March and April. Adults frequently enter small streams to spawn and leave shortly thereafter.

Food / Feed Strategy:Bottom feeder

Common Name: Blacktail Redhorse Scientific Name: Moxostana Peocilurum Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:63

Common Name: Brook Trout

Scientific Name: Salvelinus FontinalisClass:actinopterygii Order:salmoniformes

Family: salmonidae Genus:salvelinus

Species:S. fontinalis

Geography / Habitat: small streams, creeks, lakes, and spring ponds.

Life Strategy:Brook trout spawn in the late falland the early winter. Immature and small, adult brook troutare likely to stay in a stream even when access to a lake or apond is nearby because stream habitats offer more protection from predators. During summer months, larger brooktrout typically inhabit the lake, which has larger food items,and move to rivers or streams only to spawn.

Food / Feed Strategy:Brook trout from 4 to 8 incheslong feed mainly on aquatic and terrestrial insects. Between8 and 12 inches, they begin feeding on small fish. Largetrout, particularly in northern waters during the summer,are known to eat small mammals (mice, voles, shews, and lemmings)

Common Name: Brook Trout Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style:Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Large mouth that extends past the eye

Title: Freshwater Species #:64

Common Name: Brown Bullhead

Scientific Name: Ameriurus nebulosus

Class: actinopterygii Order:siluriformes

Family: ictaluride Genus:amerurus

Species:A. nebulosus

Geography / Habitat:Lakes, ponds with low oxygen or muddy conditions in North America, Canada, and Quebec

Life Strategy:Bullheads spawn in April through June. The female lays eggs in a shallow hole she scoops out on the bottom of the lake. The male cares for the eggs. After the young hatch, one or both parents look out for the

Food / Feed Strategy:Brown bullheads eat just about anything: insects, leeches, snails, fish, clams, plants, and so on.

Common Name: Brown bullhead Scientific Name: Ameriurus nebulosus Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:65

Common Name: Chain Pickerel

Scientific Name: EsoxnigerClass:actinoperygii Order:esociformes

Family: esocidae Genus:esox

Species:E. niger

Geography / Habitat: Southern Canada to Florida and west to Texas.Pickerel are attracted to weedy pools in streams, ponds, lakes and rivers.Their ambush style of feeding requires cover such as Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV), tree limbs or man-made structures such as pilings, rip-rap, or sunken ships.

Life Strategy:Chain Pickerel spawn in the early spring when water temperatures approach 50°F.Pickerel eggs are adhesive ribbon-like masses that are attached to submerged vegetation or structure.The female lays up to 50,000 eggs but does not stay to guard them as many other fish do.Pickerel may reach fourteen inches in length by their third year and become sexually mature by their fourth

Food / Feed Strategy:Pickerel are sight-oriented predators and are predominately active during the day.They are quite opportunistic feeders and strike with incredible speed when some unwary prey swims nearby.The main diet of the pickerel consists of small fish, crayfish, frogs, mice, newts and insects.

Common Name: Chain Pickerel Scientific Name:Esox niger Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:66

Common Name: Atlantic Salmon

Scientific Name: Salmo SalarClass: actinopterygii Order:salmoniformes

Family: salmonidae Genus:salmo

Species: S. salar

Geography / Habitat: Feeds in saltwater and returns to spawn in native freshwaters streams.

Life Strategy: pawning usually occurs in gravelbottoms at the head of riffles or the tail of a pool, and in theevening or at night. Exhausted and thin, the adults oftenreturn to sea immediately before winter or remain in thestream until spring.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feed mainly on the immature and the adult stages of aquatic insects.

Common Name: Atlantic Salmon Scientific Name:Salmo Salar Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:Title: Freshwater Species #:67

Common Name: Channel Catfish

Scientific Name: Ictalurus PunctatusClass: actinopterygii Order:siluriformes

Family: ictulurdae Genus:ictalurus

Species:I. punctatus

Geography / Habitat: Thrive in small rivers, large rivers, reservoirs, natural lakes, and ponds. North America-Missouri, Nebraska, and Tennessee.

Life Strategy:Channel catfish spawn in late spring or early summer when water temperatures reach 75°F. Males select nest sites which are normally dark secluded areas such as cavities in drift piles, logs, undercut banks, rocks, cans, etc. A golden-yellow gelatinous egg mass is deposited in the bottom of the nest. Males guard the nest, and may actually eat some of the eggs if they are disturbed.

Food / Feed Strategy:Adults are largely omnivorous, feeding on insects, mollusks, crustaceans, fish, and even some plant material

Common Name: Channel Catfish Scientific Name: Ictalurus Punctatus Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:68

Common Name: Chinook Salmon

Scientific Name: oncorhynchusClass: actinopterygii Order: salmoniformes

Family: salmonidae Genus:oncorhynchus

Species:O. tshawyncha

Geography / Habitat: Spends 1-5 years before returning home to spawn. San Francisco Bay to north in Alaska and the arctic waters of Canada and Russia. Also, Asia, Japan, and Kuril Islands.

Life Strategy:They hatch in freshwater rivers,spend part of their lives in the ocean, and then spawn infreshwater. Those chinook that have been transplanted tostrictly freshwater environments (as in the Great Lakes) hatchin tributary rivers and streams, spend part of their lives in theopen water of the lake, and then

return to tributaries tospawn. In both cases, all chinook die after spawning.

Food / Feed Strategy:In fresh waters they feed on plankton and insects. In the ocean, they eat herring, pilchards, sand lance, squid, and crustaceans.

Common Name: Chinook Salmon Scientific Name: oncorhynchus Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:upper jaw projects beyond the lower jaw

Title: Freshwater Species #:69

Common Name: Coho Salmon

Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus KisutchClass: actinopterygii Order: salmoniformes

Family: salmonidae Genus:oncorhychus

Species:O. kisotach

Geography / Habitat: Spend 1-2 years in freshwater natural streams. Spring and summer in blackish ponds. In the fall they live in saltwater for 1-3 years before returning to spawn.

Life Strategy:Adult male sea-run coho salmon generally enter streamswhen they are either 2 or 3 years old, but adult females donot return to spawn until age 3. The timing of runs into trib-utaries varies. Coho salmon in Alaska enter spawningstreams from July through November, usually during peri-ods of high runoff. In California, the runs occur from Sep-tember through March, and the bulk of spawning occursfrom November

through January. Streams throughout theGreat Lakes primarily receive coho from late August intoOctober.

Food / Feed Strategy:Juvenile coho in freshwater feedon plankton, then later eat insects. In the ocean, cohosalmon grow rapidly, feeding on a variety of organisms,including herring, pilchards, sand lance, squid, and crus-taceans. Likewise, coho that live entirely in freshwater feedon plankton and insects as juveniles and on pelagic fresh-water baitfish in the lakes.

Common Name: Coho Salmon Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus Kisutch Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:70

Common Name: Common Carp

Scientific Name: Cyprinus CarpioClass: actinopterygii Order: cyriniformes

Family: cyprinidae Genus:cyprinus

Species:C. carpio

Geography / Habitat: large bodies of slow or standing water. Native to Asia and Eastern Europe.

Life Strategy: By their second year, males arable to reproduce, whereas females are able to do so once they are 3 years old. Carp spawn in the spring and the sum-mer, depending on latitude, becoming active once temper-atures rise to the 60°F range. During the day or the night, several males will accompany one or two females to shal-low, vegetated waters and splash and thrash as the eggs arereleased and fertilized. A large female can carry millions of adhesive eggs, but the average amount is 100,000 eggs per pound of body weight. and can tolerate tempera-ture fluctuations and extremes, with the ability to survive in 96°F water for24 hours.

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous feeders, carp favor predominantly vegetarian diets but will feed on aquatic insects, snails, crustaceans, annelids, mollusks. Aquatic plants and filamentous algae are the most popular food groups of common carp.

Common Name:Common Carp Scientific Name: Cyprinus Carpio Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:71

Common Name: Golden Shiner

Scientific Name: notemigonusClass: actinopterygii Order: cypini

Family: cyprinidae Genus:notemigonus

Species:N. crysoleucas

Geography / Habitat: Quiet waters, lakes, ponds, and ditches. Prefer clean water. Native to Eastern North America.

Life Strategy:Golden shiners reach sexual maturityin their second year when they are usually 21⁄2 to 31⁄2 incheslong, and spawn over an extended period, commencing in the spring when water temperatures exceed 68°F. They donot prepare nests, as many other shiners and minnows do rather, they scatter adhesive eggs over algae and otheraquatic vegetation and do not exhibit parental care.

Food / Feed Strategy:The food of golden shiners consists of plankton,algae, insects, and small fish; they feed in mid-water and at or near the surface.

Common Name: Goloden Shiner Scientific Name: notemigonus Body Form or Style: The golden shiner has a deep, compressed body that is generally golden

yellow or brass colored in turbid water, varying to more silvery in clear water. Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:72

Common Name: Lake Herring

Scientific Name: CoreonusartediClass: actinopterygii Order:salmoniformes

Family: salminidae Genus:coregonus

Species:C. artedi

Geography / Habitat: Lake Superior. Midwater zone of cold water lakes. Also large rivers in the northern and western part.

Life Strategy:Lake trout generally spend their entire lives in lakes, staying deep and often near the bottom at cool levels. Spawning takes place in the late summer or the early fall over clean, rocky lake bottoms

Food / Feed StrategyThe diet of lake trout varies with the age and the size of the fish, the locality, and the food available. Food items commonly include zooplankton, insect larvae, small crustaceans, clams, snails, leeches, and various species of fish,including their own kind.

Common Name: Lake Herring Scientific Name: coreonusartedi Body Form or Style: Dorsal fins including one adipose fin, pointed snout with long lower jaw, long

cylindrical body. Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform Mouth Position:it has several rows of strong teeth,which are weak, less numerous, or absent. Its head is

generally largeTitle: Freshwater Species #:73

Common Name: Lake Sturgeon

Scientific Name: Acipenser FulvescensClass: actinopterygii Order:acipenseriformes

Family:acipenseridae Genus:acipenser

Species:A. fulvescens

Geography / Habitat:Lake sturgeons are also found in rivers, but they avoid salt water. These fish were once a major part of North America's Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and Mississippi River ecosystems and occurred from Canada to Alabama. But intense fishing has exacted a heavy toll on their populations.

Life Strategy:Female lake sturgeons don’t spawn until they're about 20 to 25 years old, and then only once every several years. Males and females come together to breed in April through June in moving water or lake shallows. The males gather around females, vibrating, leaping, and thrashing about as she releases her eggs--50,000 to a million or more. The eggs stick to bottom of the lake or stream and hatch in about a week.

Food / Feed Strategy:Sturgeon vacuum food off the bottom of the lake or river with their hoselike mouths. Their meals consist mainly of crayfish and other small animals like snails, clams, and small aquatic insects.

Common Name: Lake Sturgeon Scientific Name: Acipenser fulvescens Body Form or Style: Rows of bony plates (scutes) that becomes less distinguishable in adults. Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform Mouth Position:have a large protrusible, suctorial mouth on the bottom side of the head with 4 barbel in

front of the mouth and beneath the snout.

Title: Freshwater Species #:74

Common Name: Lake Trout

Scientific Name: Salvelinus NamaycushClass: actinopterygii Order:salomi formus

Family: salonidae Genus:salvelinus

Species: S. namycush

Geography / Habitat: Mainly in lakes in North America. They depend on cold oxygen rich waters.

Life Strategy:Spawning takes place in the late summer or the early fall over clean, rocky lake bottoms. Rocky shoals or reefs are prominent spawning sites. Unlike other salmonids, laketrout do not make nests. Spawning usually takes place atnight, with peak activity occurring after dusk

Food / Feed Strategy:Food items commonly include zooplankton, insect larvae, small crustaceans,clams, snails, leeches, and various species of fish, including their own kind. Lake

Common Name: Lake trout Scientific Name: salvelinus namaycush Body Form or Style: Compressiform. Two dorsal fins including one adipose fin, light spots on darker

gray background, lower fins edged with white, tail forked, 11 rays in anal fin. Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:75

Common Name: Lake Whitefish

Scientific Name: Coregonus ClupeaformesClass: actinopterygii Order:salmoniformes

Family: salonidae Genus:coregonus

Species: C. clupeaforms

Geography / Habitat: Fresh waters of North America. Lakes where they prefer deep, cool water.

Life Strategy:Mainly bottom feeders, adult lake whitefish feed primarily on aquatic insect larvae, mollusks, and amphipods, but also on other small fish and fish eggs, including their own. Young fish feed on plankton shoals in large lakes or tributary streams. Eggs are randomly deposited over the bottom by females laying up to 12,000 eggs per pound of body weigh

Food / Feed Strategy:Mainly bottom feeders, adult lake whitefish feed primarily on aquatic insect larvae, mollusks,and amphipods, but also on other small fish and fish eggs, including their own. Young fish feed on plankton

Common Name: Lake Whitefish Scientific Name: coregonus clupeaformes Body Form or Style: Compressiform. slender, elongated species, the lake whitefish is silvery to

white with an olive to pale greenishbrown back that is dark brown to midnight blue or black in some Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:76

Common Name: Longnose Gar

Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseusClass: actinopterygii Order:Lepisosteiformes

Family: lepisosteidae Genus:Lepisosteus

Species:L. osseus

Geography / Habitat: Rivers and Lakes throughout the eastern half of the United States. Deep south, Texas and Alabama. Warm shallow water with abundant vegetation.

Life Strategy:Spawning activity occurs as early as April, in shallow riffle areas. One or many males may accompany females, typically the larger sex. Although nests are not prepared, gravel is swept somewhat by the spawning action itself. Each female may deposit a portion of her eggs at several different locations.

Food / Feed Strategy:The Gator Gar is carnivorous, eating smaller fish as it swims along the top of plants at the bottom of the water

Common Name:longnose Gar Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseus Body Form or Style: sagittiform Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform Mouth Position:two rows of teeth on its top jaw and its long snout filled with teeth,

Title: Freshwater Species #:77

Common Name: Norhtern Pike

Scientific Name: Esox luciusClass: actinopterygii Order: esociformes

Family: esocidae Genus:esox

Species:E. lucius

Geography / Habitat: Blackish freshwater of the northern hemisphere. Sluggish streams and shallow, weedy places in lakes, as well as, in cold, clear rocky waters.

Life Strategy:Northern pike spawn in Lake Erie tributaries as soon as the ice breaks, usually in late February or early March. They often migrate into very small streams and can be found spawning in flooded drainage ditches in NW Ohio

Food / Feed Strategy:Primarily fish but will take nearly anything they can fit in their mouth, including frogs, muskrats, and small duck

Common Name: Northern Pike Scientific Name: Esox lucius Body Form or Style: sagittiform, long and slender fish with a duckbill shaped mouth and lots of needle

sharp teeth. Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform Mouth Position:Title: Freshwater Species #:78

Common Name: Pink Salmon

Scientific Name: OncorhynchusClass: actinopterygii Order:salmoniformes

Family: salmonidae Genus:oncorhyn

Species:O. gorbus

Geography / Habitat: Coldwater with a range of 5.6-14.6 c. Native to Sacramento River in Northern California to Canada. They were introduced into an entirely freshwater environment in the Great Lakes.

Life Strategy: Females dig a series of nests, or redds, depositing hundreds to thousands of eggs, which hatch from late December through February. Young become free-swimming in the early spring soon after hatching, often returning to sea in the company of young chum and sockeye salmon. Adults die soon after spawning.

Food / Feed Strategy: While in freshwater on spawning runs, sea-run pink salmon may eat insects, although they often do not feed at all. At sea, they feed primarily on plankton, as well as on crustaceans, small fish, and squid.

Common Name: Pink Salmon Scientific Name: oncorhynchus Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:79

Common Name: Rainbow Trout

Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykissClass: actinopterygii Order:salmoniformes

Family: salmonidae Genus:oncorhynchus

Species:O. mykiss

Geography / Habitat: They return to original hatching ground to spawn. Usually remain in the river about a year before heading to sea. They mature in freshwater before spawning in the spring. Native to the Pacific Ocean in Asia and Northern America as well as central, western, eastern, and northern United States.

Life Strategy: The maximum recorded life span for a rainbow trout is 11 years.

Food / Feed Strategy:Predators with a varied diet will eat anything they can grab. While in waters populated with salmon, trout will eat salmon eggs. Alvein, fry, smolt, and salmon carcasses.

Common Name: Rainbow Trout Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss Body Form or Style: Compressiform. The body shape may range from slender to thick. The back may

shade from blue-green to olive Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:Title: Freshwater Species #:80

Common Name: Redear Sunfish

Scientific Name: Lepomis microlophusClass: actinopterygii Order:Periformes

Family: centrardchidae Genus:lepomis

Species:L. microlophus

Geography / Habitat: Native to southeastern United States to bodies of waters.

Life Strategy: During spawning the males congregate and create nests close together in colonies and females visit to lay eggs. Will sometimes hybridize with other sunfish species.

Food / Feed Strategy: Bottom feeders, favorite food is snails. The fish have thick pharyngeal teeth hard moveable plates in its throat to allow it to crunch exoskeletons and even open small clams.

Common Name:Redear Sunfish Scientific Name: Lepomis microlophus Body Form or Style: compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:81

Common Name:Rock Bass

Scientific Name: Ambloplites rupestrisClass: actinopterygii Order:periformes

Family: centrachidae Genus:ambloplites

Species:A. rupestris

Geography / Habitat: Native to St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes, the upper and middle Mississippi River basin in North America from Canada down to Missouri and Arkansas, throughout eastern United States to northern portions of Alabama and Georgia.

Life Strategy:They have the ability to rapidly change their color to match their surroundings. They can live as long as 10 years, living under lakeside docks and near swimming areas

Food / Feed Strategy:Carnivorous and its diet consists of smaller fish, insects and crustaceans.

Common Name: Rock Bass Scientific Name: Ambloplites rupestris Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:Title: Freshwater Species #:82

Common Name: Smallmouth Bass

Scientific Name: Micropterus dolomeiuiClass: actinopterygii Order:periformes

Family: centrarehidae Genus:micropterus

Species:M. dolomieu

Geography / Habitat: Found in streams, rivers, rocky areas, and stumps also sandy bottoms of lakes and reservoirs. Prefers cooler water and may be found in both still and moving water. Native to the upper and middle Mississippi River basin, the St Lawrence River, Great Lakes, and Hudson Bay basin.

Life Strategy: intolerant of pollution, the small mouth bass is a good natural indicator of a healthy environment, though it can better adjust to changes in water conditions than most trout.

Food / Feed Strategy:carnivorous, its diet comprises of crayfish, insects, and smaller fish. The young can also fed on zooplankton.

Common Name: Smallmouth Bass Scientific Name: Micropterus dolomeiui Body Form or Style: Compressiform. has a robust, slightly laterally compressed and elongated body. Its

pelvic fins sit forward on the body below the pectoral fins. The two dorsal fins are joined or notched. Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Protruding lower jawTitle: Freshwater Species #:83

Common Name: Smelt (rainbow)

Scientific Name: Osmerus mordaxClass:actinopterygii Order:osmeriformes

Family: osmeridae Genus:osmerus

Species:O. mordax

Geography / Habitat: Rivers and coastal waters of North America from new Jersey to the east coast and from Vancouver to the Arctic Ocean. Introduced to the Great Lakes and other inland bodies of water in Midwestern United States.

Life Strategy:They spend the summers along the coast, normally in waters no more than 20 ft. deep and no more than a mile from shore. In the spring they spawn at night in small streams, often one that go dry in the winter.

Food / Feed Strategy:They eat zooplankton, invertebrates, and other fish, including small smelt, sculpins, burbot, and whitefish.

Common Name: Smelt Scientific Name: Osmerus mordax Body Form or Style: compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:84

Common Name: Hickory Shad

Scientific Name: Alosa medioarisClass: actinopterygii Order:clupeiformes

Family: clupeoidae Genus:dorosoma

Species: dorosoma cepedianum

Geography / Habitat: Spends most of its life in the ocean, when mature, it returns to rivers and streams. Located in the Atlantic coast of North America.

Life Strategy:Mature when they are two years old. Young fish remain in rivers and backwaters, migrating to the sea by the fall or early winter.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feed on small fish, squid, small crabs and fish eggs.

Common Name: Hickory Shad Scientific Name: Alosa medioaris Body Form or Style: compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform Mouth Position: oblique mouth, a lower jaw that projects beyond the upper jaw.Title: Freshwater Species #:85

Common Name: Suckerfish

Scientific Name: Maxostoma macrolepidotumClass: actinopterygii Order:cyprimiformes

Family: catostomidae Genus:Echeneis

Species:naucrates

Geography / Habitat: found in North America, east of central China, and eastern Siberia. They are not usually fished recreationally. Not highly prized in North America.Suckers inhabit all types of freshwater habitats,including rivers, lakes, and small streams. Most river species live in moderately fast-run habitats with moderate depths.

Life Strategy:suckers do not need to seek cover from predators, so they often coexist with bass and trout in deep pools

Food / Feed Strategy:They have no barbells like catfish, no hardened spines in their dorsal or anal fins like perch and sunfish, and no adipose fins like trout.

Common Name: Sucker Scientific Name:Maxostoma macrolepidotum Body Form or Style: Subcarangiform.They have no barbells like catfish, no hardened spines in their

dorsal or anal fins like perch and sunfish, and no adipose fins like trout. Suckers are robust fish, slightly laterally compressed

Swim / Locomotion Style:subcarangiform Mouth Position:inferior mouths and large fleshy lipsTitle: Freshwater Species #:86

Common Name: Walleye

Scientific Name: sander vitreumClass: actinopterygii Order:periformes

Family: percidae Genus:sander

Species:S. vitreus

Geography / Habitat: Native to Canada and northern United States. The species has been artificially propagated for over a century and has been planted on top of existing population or introduced into waters naturally devoid of the species.

Life Strategy:Adults migrate to tributary streams in late winter/early spring to lay eggs over gravel and rock, although there are open water reef or shoal spawning as well.

Food / Feed Strategy:Their eyes reflect light which allows them to see well in turbid waters which gives them advantage over their prey.

Common Name: Walleye Scientific Name: Sander vitreum Body Form or Style: compressiform, body is generally mottled with dark blotches on a yellowish-to-

greenish brown background Swim / Locomotion Style:carangiform Mouth Position:teeth in the jaws and on the roof of the mouthTitle: Freshwater Species #:87

Common Name:Warmouth

Scientific Name: Chaenobryttus gulosusClass: actinopterygii Order:Periformes

Family: centrarchidae Genus:Lepomis

Species:L. gulosus

Geography / Habitat: Native to a wide area of the United States inhabiting the heavily vegetated, muddy bottomed waters.Life Strategy:Warmouth begin spawning from April through August when they are 3 to 4 inches long and from 1 to 3 years old. Spawning peaks in early June, when waters warm to about 70°F. The male builds a shallow, bowl-shaped nest in water less than 5 feet deep, often in the company of others, so that a small colony of nests is formed. Preferred nesting sites are in a sand or a rubble bottom with a thin covering of silt, near patches of lily pads, cattails, and grasses, or at the base of trees standing in shallow

Food / Feed Strategy:suckers do not need to seek cover from predators, so they often coexist with bass and trout in deep pools

Common Name: Warmouth Scientific Name:Chaenobryttus gulosus Body Form or Style: compressiform, stout body and is olive brown above and cream to bright yellow

below, Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform Mouth Position:a large mouth and a patch of teeth on the tongue, and the upper jaw extends under or

past the pupils of the eyes

Title: Freshwater Species #:88

Common Name: White Bass

Scientific Name: Morone chrysopsClass: actinopterygii Order:Periformes

Family: moronidae Genus:morone

Species:M. chrysops

Geography / Habitat: State fish of Oklahoma. Found in lakes and some large rivers throughout the United States.

Life Strategy:White bass are active early spring spawners. Schools of males migrate upstream to spawning areas as much as a month before females. There is no nest preparation. Spawning occurs either near the surface, or in mid-water. Running water with a gravel or rock substrate is preferred

Food / Feed Strategy: They eat insect larvae, crustaceans and other fish. They are visual feeders. When not frightened, they will bite readily alive bait such as worms and minnows.

Common Name: White bass Scientific Name: morone chrysops Body Form or Style: Compressiform. The white bass has a moderately deep and compressed body that

is raised behind the small head Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:the large mouth is between the two dorsal finsTitle: Freshwater Species #:89

Common Name: White Catfish

Scientific Name: Ameriurus catusClass: actinopterygii Order:Siluriformes

Family: Ictaluridae Genus:Ameriurus

Species:catus

Geography / Habitat: White catfish inhabit the salty bottom areas of slow-moving streams and rivers, as well as ponds, lakes, and the low-salinity portions of tidal estuaries. They generally avoid the swift water of large rivers and do not thrive in weedy or muddy shallow ponds.Found in rivers along the Atlantic coast from southern New York to Florida.Life Strategy:This species spawns in the spring and the early summer, depending on latitude, and its spawning behavior is generally similar to that of the bullhead. The parents build a nest on sand or gravel substrate, usually near shore and often in places associated with some form of sheltering cover; spawning occurs when the water reaches approximately 70°F, and both parents guard the eggs and the young.Food / Feed Strategy:White catfish have a broad appetite and consume aquatic insects, crayfish, clams, snails, mussels, fish eggs, assorted small fish, and some aquatic plants. Adults primarily feed on fish and are active at night, although they are less nocturnal than are other catfish.

Common Name: White Catfish Scientific Name: Ameuurus catus Body Form or Style: Compressiform. The tail is moderately forked, and the anal fin is shorter and

rounder than that of channel or blue catfish. Whites have only 19-22 anal fin rays. The chin barbels are white or yellow. They have a blunt, more-rounded head, and they lack black spots on their body.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position

Title: Freshwater Species #:90

Common Name: Ladyfish

Scientific Name: Elops saurusClass: actinopterygii Order:Elopiformes

Family: Elopidae Genus:Elops

Species:saurus

Geography / Habitat: Ladyfish are inshore species that prefer bays and estuaries, lagoons, mangrove areas, tidal pools, and canals. They occasionally enter freshwater and are rarely found on coral reels.

Life Strategy:These fish form large schools close to shore, although they are known to spawn offshore. Their ribbon like larvae is very similar to those of bonefish and tarpon.

Food / Feed Strategy:Adults feed predominantly on fish and crustaceans. Ladyfish schools are often seen pursuing bait at the surface.

Common Name: Ladyfish Scientific Name:: Elops saurus Body Form or Style: The ladyfish has an elongated, slender silvery body with a blue-green back and

small scales Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform Mouth Position: The mouth is terminal, and the tail is deeply forked.

Title: Freshwater Species #:91

Common Name: Yellow Bullhead

Scientific Name: ameriurusnatalisClass: actinopterygii Order:saluriformes

Family: ictaluridae Genus:ameriurus

Species:A. natalis

Geography / Habitat:River, pools, backwaters, and sluggish current over soft or wildly rocky substances in creeks, small to large rivers and shallow portions of lakes and ponds usually preferring Clearwater. Central and eastern United States from central Texas north into North Dakota and east through the Great Lakes.

Life Strategy:During late spring or early summer, yellow bullheads excavate nests in mud bottoms and spawn. Both parents guard the nest, which may contain 2,000 to 12,000 eggs. In four to six days eggs hatch and fry begin to school in compact balls, which are guarded by adults until individuals reach about one inch in length.

Food / Feed Strategy:the yellow bullhead is omnivorous, feeding on a variety of plant and animal material, both live and dead. Immature aquatic insects and crustaceans often comprise a considerable proportion of the diet.

Common Name: Yellow bullhead Scientific Name:ameriurus natalis Body Form or Style: compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform Mouth Position:Title: Freshwater Species #:92

Common Name: Yellow Perch

Scientific Name: percaflovescensClass: actinopterygii Order:Periformes

Family: osteichthyes Genus:Perca

Species:percidae

Geography / Habitat: United States and Canada, often stocked on ponds also found in lakes.Yellow perch are most commonly found in the weedy backwaters of rivers, shallow waters of lakes, and large ponds, usually in warmwater situations. Populations can be found in coldwater lakes but these fish usually have stunted growth

Life Strategy: Yellow perch usually spawn in their second year, between April and May, when temperatures are 7-19°C. Mating begins with a female slowly swimming in circles near a vegetation bed, followed by 2-3 courting males fighting for position. When she is ready, the female will make a quick series of turns and movements before rapidly swimming forward, leaving a string of eggs in her wake for the males to fertilize.

Food / Feed Strategy: catch small fish, including salmon, when they have the chance. Feeding occurs mostly at dawn and dusk with little to no activity at night

Common Name: Yellow Perch Scientific Name:percaflovescens Body Form or Style: Moderately deep and compressed body with a large head Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform Mouth Position:Title: Freshwater Species #:93

Common Name: Blackback Herring

Scientific Name: Alosa aestivalisClass: actinopterygii Order:clupeiformes

Family: clupeidae Genus:alosa

Species:A. aestivalis

Geography / Habitat: blueback herring have co-evolved and co-existed with other native fish and wildlife in Maine’s streams, rivers, ponds and lakes for thousands of years. The historical distribution of this species is throughout the Atlantic seaboard, from Newfoundland to the St. Johns River, Florida.

Life Strategy: Blueback herring spawning requirements differ slightly from those of the alewife. They spawn in the main stem sections of rivers and streams and do not ascend into ponds or lakes. Blueback herring spawn from Nova Scotia to northern Florida, but are most numerous in warmer waters from Chesapeake Bay south.  Blueback herring spawn from late May through mid-June.  Females usually reach 100% maturity by age 5 and produce 60,000-103,000 eggs, whereas males generally mature at an earlier age (ages 3-4) and smaller size than females (

Food / Feed Strategy: Juvenile blueback herring feed predominantly on zooplankton, preying primarily on ctenophores, calanoid copepods, amphipods, mysids, and other pelagic shrimp. While at sea, they also prey on small fishes, such as Atlantic herring, eel, sand lance, cunner and other alewife, as well as eating the eggs/larvae of other fish species

Common Name:Blackback Herring Scientific Name:Alosa aestivalis Body Form or Style: are a medium-sized, relatively deep-bodied fish. It is grayish green on its

back and is silvery on its belly and sides Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:94

Common Name: Northern Hogsucker

Scientific Name: Hypentelium nigricansClass: actinopterygii Order:Cypriniformes

Family: Catostomidae Genus:Hypentelium

Species:H. nigricans

Geography / Habitat: The northern hogsucker is widely distributed across central and eastern North America, occurring in the Great Lakes, Mississippi, Ohio, and some Atlantic drainages. Hogsucker inhabits primarily large streams and small rivers

Life Strategy:Northern hogsuckers spawn in mid to late spring as the water begins to warm.

Food / Feed Strategy:the northern hogsucker preys upon many varieties of benthic organisms, the most common of which are insect larvae, small crustaceans, detritus, and algae. It feeds by disturbing the stream bottom with its large snout and sucking up organisms that it dislodges

Common Name: Northern Hogsucker Scientific Name: Hypentelium nigricans Body Form or Style: Compressiform. It has a very steep forehead and long, protruding lips, bearing a

strong likeness to a pig’s snout Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:

Title: Freshwater Species #:95

Common Name: Arctic Grayling

Scientific Name: Thymallus arcticusClass: actinopterygii Order:Salmoniformes

Family: salmonidae Genus:Thymallinae

Species:T. arcticus

Geography / Habitat: Arctic grayling are widespread in arctic drainages from Hudson Bay to Alaska and throughout central Albertaand British Columbia, as well as in the upper Missouri River drainage in Montan. Grayling prefer the clear, cold, welloxygenatedwaters of medium to large rivers and lakes.

Life Strategy:Adult grayling spawn from April through June in rocky creeks; fish from lakes enter tributaries to spawn. Instead of making nests

Food / Feed Strategy:Young grayling initially feed on zooplankton and become mainly insectivorous as adults,although they also eat small fish, fish eggs, and, less often, lemmings and planktonic crustaceans.

Common Name:Arctic Grayling Scientific Name: Thymallus arcticus Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: It has a small, narrow mouth with numerous small teeth in both jaws.Title: Freshwater Species #:96

Common Name: Goldeye

Scientific Name: Hiodon alosoidesClass: actinopterygii Order:Hiodontiformes

Family: hiodontidae Genus:Hiodon

Species:H. alosoides

Geography / Habitat: Endemic to North America, goldeye are found in both Canadian and American waters. They occur from western Ontario to the Mackenzie River. Goldeye are most often found in warm, silty sections of large rivers and in the backwaters of shallow lakes connectedto them.

Life Strategy:In the spring, mature goldeye move into pools in rivers or backwater lakes of rivers, to spawn when the water temperature is between 50° and 56°F.

Food / Feed Strategy: Goldeye feed on a variety of organisms, from microscopic plankton to insects and fish. They do most of their foraging on or near the surface and predominantly on insects, although they will eat minnows and small frogs.

Common Name: Goldeye Scientific Name: Hiodon alosoides Body Form or Style:The goldeye is a small fish whose compressed body is deep in proportion to its

length and is covered with large, loose scales Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:

Common Name: Florida Gar Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platyrhincus Body Form or Style: Sagittiform. The body of the Florida gar is cigar-shaped, and it has a broad, tooth-

filled snout. Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position:Title: Freshwater Species #:99

Common Name: Fallfish

Scientific Name: Semotilus corporalisClass: actinopterygii Order:Cypriniformes

Family: Cypriniformes Genus:Semotilus

Species:S. corporalis

Geography / Habitat: Distribution. These fish fare commonly found from eastern Canada into the James Bay drainage, and south on the east side of the Appalachian Mountains to Virginia.Fallfish inhabitthe gravel- and rockybottomed areas of cold, clear streams, as well as the edges of lakes and ponds. In rivers and streams, adults prefer deeper, quieter waters, whereas juveniles often frequent swifter, shallow waters.

Life Strategy:The spawning season is from spring through summer, beginning in early May when the water warms. The male builds a pit-ridge nest out of small stones and pebbles in shallow areas or quiet pools over a clean gravel bottom.

Food / Feed Strategy:Adult fallfish consume aquatic and terrestrial insects (such as mayflies, beetles, wasps, and ants), small crustaceans, small fish, and algae. Juveniles feed on zooplankton and phytoplankton.

Common Name: Fallfish Scientific Name:Semotilus corporalis Body Form or Style:Compressiform, The body of the fallfish is slender, with a bluntly pointed head Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position:The mouth is terminal and has barbels— which are characteristic of cyprinids—that are

sometimes hidden

Title: Freshwater Species #:100

Common Name: Red Drum

Scientific Name: Sciaenops ocellatusClass: actinopterygii Order:Perciformes

Family: Sciaenidae Genus:Sciaenidae

Species:S. ocellatus

Geography / Habitat: Red drum are found in the western Atlantic Ocean from theGulf of Maine to the Florida Keys (although they are rarenorth of Maryland), and all along the Gulf coast to northern Mexico., the red drum is found in brackish water and saltwater on sand, mud, and grassbottoms of inlets, shallowbays, tidal passes, bayous,and estuaries.Are primarily found in the mid-Atlantic states.

Life Strategy:Males are mature by 4 years of age at 30 inches and 15 pounds, females by 5 years at 35 inches and 18 pounds. The spawning season is during the fall, although it may begin as early as August and end as late as November

Food / Feed Strategy:As a bottom fish, this species uses its senses of sight and touch, and its downturned mouth, to locate forage on the bottom through vacuuming or biting the bottom.

Common Name: Red Drum Scientific Name: Sciaenops ocellatus Body Form or Style: Compressiform, The body is elongate, with a subterminal mouth and a blunt nose Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: