Fish Diversity VI

TELEOSTEI EUTELEOSTI

NEOTELEOSTSACANTHOMORPHA

ACANTHOPTERYGII

Synapomorphy:-Maximal upper jaw mobility and protrusability (premaxillae ascending process)-Highly developed pharyngeal dentition

Superorder ACANTHOPTERYGII(higher spiny fishes)-Most diverse and diverse fishes13500 spp. 251 families

ACANTHOPTERYGII

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Series Mugilimorpha (1 fam.)– Order Mugiliformes (mullets)– Nearshore catadromous species– Separated spiny and soft dorsal fins– Detritivorous and planktivorous

• Family Mugilidae (Genus Liza, Mugil,...)

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Series Atherinimorpha– All are surface feeders – Order Atheriniformes (8 fam.)

• Family Atherinidae (silversides)

– Order Beloniformes (5 fam.)• Family Belonidae (needlefishes)• Family Exocetidae (flyingfish)

– Order Cyprinidontiformes (8 fam.)• Family Fundilidae (killifishes)• Family Poecilidae (guppies, mollies)• Family Cyprinodontidae (pupfishes)

ACANTHOPTERYGIIS

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Synapomorphy:-Anterior pelvic girdle conected to pectoral girdle-Pelvic fin typically I,5

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Stephanobercyformes (9 fam.)– Deep water, photophores, reduced spines

• Order Bercyformes (7 fam.)– Large eyes (deepwater or nocturnal), strong

spines• Family Trachichthydae (orange roughies)• Family Holocentridae (squirrelfishes and soldierfishes)

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Gasterosteiformes (11 fam.)– Small mouths and dermal plates

• Family Gasterosteidae (sticklebacks)• Family Signathidae (pipefishes and seahorses)• Family Aulostomidae (trumpetfishes)

• Order Scorpaeniformes (25 fam.)– Spines projecting from head bones– Benthic habitats

• Family Scorpaenidae (Rockfishes and Scorpionfishes)• Family Cottidae (Sculpins)

ACANTHOPTERYGIIS

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Superorder Acanthopterygii• Order Perciformes (148 fam.)

– 9300 spp. (1/3 of all fishes)

• Suborder Percoidei (71 fam.)– Spines in dorsal, pelvic and anal fins– Two dorsal fins– Ctenoid scales– Pelvic fins in thoracic position, laterally

positioned pectoral fins...– Representative families:

• Serranidae (groupers) Carangidae (jacks)• Centrarchidae (sunfishes & black-basses)• Lutjanidae (snappers) Spariidae (porgies)• Scianenidae (drums) Mullidae (goatfishes)• Chaetodontidae (butterflyfishes) • Pomacanthidae (angelfishes)

Superorder Acanthopterygii• Order Perciformes (148 fam.)

• Suborder Elassomatoidei (1 fam.)• Family Elassomateidae (pigmy sunfishes)

• Suborder Labroidei (6 fam.) (2200 spp.)– Advanced faryngeal jaws

• Family Labridae (Wrasses)• Family Scaridae (parrotfishes)• Family Pomacentridae (damselfishes)• Family Cichlidae (cichlids)

Superorder Acanthopterygii• Order Perciformes (148 fam.)

• Suborder Zoarcoidei (9 fam.)• Family Zoarcidae (eel pouts)• Family Anarchichadidae (wolfishes)

• Suborder Gobiodei (8 fam.)– Modified pelvic fins (disc or suction

cup)• Family Gobiidae (Gobies) (1875 spp.)

• Suborder Acanthuroidei (6 fam.)• Family Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes and

unicornfishes)• Family Zanclidae (moorish idol)

Superorder Acanthopterygii• Order Perciformes (148 fam.)

• Suborder Scombroidei• Family Sphyraenidae (barracudas)• Family Scombridae (Mackerels ans tunas)• Family Xiphiidae (swordfish)• Family Istiophoridae (marlins and

spearfishes)

And many more......

ACANTHOPTERYGIIS

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Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Pleuronectiformes (11 fam.)– Eyes on same side of the head– Compressed bodies– Benthic habitats

• Family Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders)• Family Bothidae (lefteye flounders)• Familt Soleidae (soles)

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Tetraodontiformes (9 fam.)– Craneal bone fusions– Thick leathery skin, highly modified

scales• Family Balistidae (triggerfishes)• Family Monacanthidae (filefishes)• Family Ostraciidae (boxfishes)• Family Tetraodontidae (puffers)• Family Diodontidae (porcupinefishes)• Family Molidae (molas)