Fish Conservation and Managementfaculty.forestry.ubc.ca/hinch/486/2019/0 Course Introduction...
Transcript of Fish Conservation and Managementfaculty.forestry.ubc.ca/hinch/486/2019/0 Course Introduction...
Fish Conservation and Management
CONS 486
Instructor: Scott Hinch
TAs: David Moulton & Steve Johnston
Welcome to CONS 486!
• Introduction, key concepts• Course themes, objectives & goals• Course structure & requirements
– Seminar and written review assignments
• Contact information
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What’s all the fuss about fish?• Defining a fish: an aquatic animal with gills that
lacks limbs with digits• First appeared 530 MYA during Cambrian explosion• Incredible diversity
– 32K+ described species
• Fish are taxonomically diverse (e.g. classes)– class Agnatha (primitive, jawless, cartilaginous)– class Chondrichthyes (primitive, jawed, cartilaginous)– class Osteichthyes (bony fish)
• Actinopterygii (rayed fins) & Sarcopterygii (lobed fins)
– class Placodermi (extinct, bony plated fish)4
Class Agnatha: Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii)
J.P. Hastey UBCAtlantic hagfish
(Myxine glutinosa) 5
Class Placodermi (now extinct)
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• Bony plated fish (cartilage internal skeletal structure)• One of the first jawed fish species
• In contrast to the agnathans• Note the heterocercal tail like sturgeon and sharks!
Of Fish and Fisheries…• What IS a fishery?• A romanticized view: “a fishery is the union of
aquatic organisms and humans” (Miller and Johnson 1989)
• Three components to a fishery:1. Aquatic resource itself (i.e, targeted organism)2. Aquatic environment (i.e., habitat)3. Humans that harvest resource OR change habitat
• Fisheries target more than just fish!– Molluscs (bivalves, snails); crustaceans (lobsters, crabs);
sea urchins; sponges; other inverts; not to mention bycatch 13
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20000
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40
60
80
100M
illio
n to
nnes
World wild commercial fish harvest (adapted from fao.org)
MarineFreshwater
Estimated 47 billion individual fish landed annually in recreational fisheries (Cooke and Cowx 2004)
Half again (~48 million T) from aquaculture (fao.org)
Over 3 TRILLION individual fish per year from fisheries alone, excluding aquaculture!
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What is conservation science?• Conservation science: “addresses the biology of
species, communities, and ecosystems that are perturbed, either directly or indirectly, by human activities or other agents” (Soulé, BioScience 1985)
– Goal to provide principles and tools for preserving biological diversity
• Integrative, multi-disciplinary field of study• Many sub-disciplines such as conservation genetics,
conservation physiology, restoration ecology, urban ecology
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What is fisheries management?
• Fisheries management: aims to maintain a “…sustainable fishery resource that provides for an economically viable and diverse industry” (DFO 2014)
– Management based on “credible, science-based, affordable and effective practices” (DFO 2014)
– Protection and conservation of resources are a key component of fisheries management
HOW?– Fisheries management involves ‘manipulating’ people-
fish interactions23
Conservation and management• “the manipulation of human interactions with living aquatic
resources in a manner that allows humans to gain some sustainable benefit from these resources” (Nielsen 1993)
• Can mean the manipulation of:1. Resources themselves (e.g., population enhancement or
stocking)2. Environments (e.g., restoration)3. Human behaviour (e.g., harvest regulations)
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Major theme: Linking science to conservation & management
• Harvest regulations• Managing fisheries
& habitats
• Protecting populations & habitats
• Restoring populations & habitats
• Fisheries exploitation data
• Applied life history data
• Human dimensions: socio-economic data
• Physiology• Behaviour• Population ecology• Ecosystem ecology• Habitat data
(limnology, oceanography)
• Life historyBasic science Applied
science
ManagementConservation
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CONS 486• The goal of this course is to provide an introduction
to fish conservation and management by:1. Examining principles of basic and applied fish biology,
including physiology, behaviour, and ecology; 2. Overviewing current issues, common tactics and
institutions involved in fish conservation & management;
3. Reviewing case studies that demonstrate conservation& management successes and failures
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Lecture schedule1. First part of course on fish biology/ecology2. Second part of course on fisheries management
and conservation3. Third part of course dedicated to case studies and
guest lectures– Kristi Miller (DFO Research Scientist) – Eric Parkinson (BC MoE Emeritus Scientist)
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4. Fourth part of course dedicated to student-ledseminars and facilitated discussion!
Evaluation
• Seminar presentation: 25% • Written review: 25%*• Seminar participation: 20%• Final exam: 30%
*Note: late submissions are docked 10% per day
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Readings• Readings for lectures:
– Copies provided (and on reserve)
1. Ross, M.R. 1997. Fisheries Conservation and Management. Prentice
2. Diana, J. 1995. Biology and Ecology of Fish. Cooper Publishing
• Others will be assigned during the term– Required readings of ALL seminar topic papers
• Please read carefully and prepare discussion points for seminars
– Additional optional readings on reserve or ask us! 31
Student-led seminars• In groups of 3: research a topic by focusing on a key scientific paper
– Seek out additional references (min 10) that support or refute the key paper
• Deliver a presentation to the class that:– Reviews the general topic (which the paper focuses on), then
summarizes the key paper’s objectives and findings– Critical review of the paper– Facilitates a class discussion (i.e., generate a short list of relevant
questions to pose to the class; show references/citations)• 50 min total time allotted
– 30 minute presentation; ~15-20 minute questions • Active participation required by all!
- Participation grade assessed from this and attendance at seminars
• Seminars start March 1 – 1 seminar per hour of class 33
Written review• Essay should include:
1. A discussion & critical review of the general topic2. A summary of the key paper’s objectives and findings3. Cite 10-20+ relevant references from the peer-reviewed
scientific literature (the more, the better)• All statements of fact or others’ opinions must be referenced
• ~10-15 pgs total length, single-spaced, length doesn’t include tables/figures/references
• Each written review is to be handed in on the day of the oral seminar presentation on that topic– Written reviews must be developed independently!
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Topic selection1. Oral topics and group membership will be selected
today by you.2. Written review topics will be assigned by
instructors. 3. No changes to groups or topics after today.
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• Course web site: http://faculty.forestry.ubc.ca/hinch/DD_CONS_486.html
• Instructor: Dr. Scott Hinch (Rm 3022 FSC; [email protected])
• TAs: David Moulton (Rm 3604 FSC; [email protected])Steve Johnston (Rm 3219 FSC; [email protected])
• Please contact us by e-mail to arrange in-office meetings
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