FIR/Submm/MMm telescopes MM Wave telescopes To the …First spectroscopic redshift survey with ALMA...
Transcript of FIR/Submm/MMm telescopes MM Wave telescopes To the …First spectroscopic redshift survey with ALMA...
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MM Wave telescopes from the JCMT to ALMA
Thijs de Graauw
ESO emeritus
29 May 2013 AvA symposium
FIR/Submm/MMm telescopes To the JCMT and beyond ALMA;
In historic perspective
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Introduction
• (F)IR/Submm/Mm science objectives strongly connected
• Development of FIR/submm/mm observatory capabilities has extra dimension: altitude.
• Evolution of Space missions and Ground-based Observatories are entangled; also development of detection and receiver systems and other technologies.
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Topics addressed: • Introduction • (F)IR/Submm/mm Space Missions • Single Dish observatories • Submm/mm Interferometers >>>>Submm/mm Hubble”
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Science in the Mm/Submm Range addresses the Cool Universe
• Spectral coverage for: – Black-bodies 5-100 K
• continuum radiation • dust grains (re-)radiating
– Gasses excitation 10-few100 K • Atomic/ionic lines • Molecular Universe a.o. water lines, CII, etc.
– IR gal & ISM SED peaks, out to high Z and Cosmic Background!
• Emphasis: – Formation and evolution of
galaxies – Formation of stars and planets – ISM physics & chemistry – Solar system bodies
ALMA
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170 Molecules in Space
Table not complete
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Altitude (Space) of the site is an important criterium
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ALMA Bands at 5000m
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(F)IR/Submm/mm Space Missions
IRAS
SPITZER Astro-F AKARI
JWST-MIRI
SPICA
20011;SOFIA
1983-84
1995-1998
2009-3013
2004-2009
2018
SWAS Odin
2013
All Sky Survey
Spectral Survey
ISO
Mmtron Herschel
CMB missions
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Start of the FIRST=Herschel project: Noordwijkerhout 1982
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Herschel Results on Star Formation: Dense filaments of gas in IC5146
Dense filaments of gas in the IC5146 interstellar cloud. This image was taken by ESA’s Herschel space observatory at infrared wavelengths 70, 250 and 500 microns. Stars are forming along these filaments. Copyright ESA/Herschel/SPIRE/PACS/D. Arzoumanian (CEA Saclay) for the “Gould Belt survey” Key Programme Consortium.
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HIFI results-1:Orion scan
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HIFI results-1:Orion scan
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Before there was a JCMT: “Pearls for the Swines” period
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Jung Frau Joch 0.6m
ESO 3.6m
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Single Dish Ground Based Submm/mm Observatories
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12 m KP
CSO
JCMT
PdV
HH
APEX
SPT
LMT
PM: NANTEN, ASTE, SUFFA, LLAMA, etc..
SEST
Submm/Mm Balloon experiments
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JCMT: UK/NL/(Ca)
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JCMT with(out) receiver cabin
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JCMT Receiver Working group visit to Genius (IJmuiden), Arnold as member.
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Submm/mm Interferometres
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CARMA • 6 Antennas each 10.4 m. in diameter. (OVRO)
• 9 Antennas each 6.1 m. (Hat Creek)
• 8 Antennas each 3.5 m. in diameter. (SZA)
NRO: 6 antennas each 10 metres in diameter
SMA 8 antennas each 6 meters in diameter
IRAM PdB (NOEMA) 6 (12) antennas, each
15 m in diameter
ATCA : 6 antennas each 22 m in diameter
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Interferometer Key Parameters
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Remotely operated from OSF Control room
An array of 66 antennasusing aperture s, as a “zoom telescope” over the entire accessible mm/submm wavelength range
The ultimate Submm/mm interferometer: ALMA?
At 5000m
compact extended
Built to operate
>30 yrs
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ALMA Science Capabilities:
Angular Resolution • ~8 times better that Hubble ST • ~10-100 times better than current mm interferometers Spectral resolution sub-km/s (>10 times better than Hubble GHRS) Sensitivity: • large increase: 10—100 times from:
- 7000m2 collecting area -State of the art receivers
• Coverage entire submm/mm spectral range
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ALMA Cryostat with 8 bands
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First spectroscopic redshift survey with ALMA
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Bold = unambiguous redshift from ALMA
black = single lines with ALMA, confirmed with C+ or CO(1-0)
with APEX or ATCA
blue = single line detected with redshift, most likely redshift
from photo-z
red = no line detected
ALMA Cycle 0 Band 3
100 GHz compact configuration
26 sources
5 tunings in the 3 mm band
10 minutes per source
Vieira, Marrone, Chapman, DeBreuck, Hezaveh, Weiss, et al. Nature in press 23
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ALMA first results: images of disks with cavities
Red=dust Green/blue: gas
HD 142527
Gas streams across gap feeding new giant planet Asymmetries in dust and gas hint at presence of planets
Casassus et al. 2013
model
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The FIR Angular Resolution Capability Gap
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The Future Single Dishes
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CCAT: 25 m in diametre
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ASC LPI
Scientific requirements for Instrumentation
Required detectors NEP: ≤ 10-19 W/√Hz
Sensitive to polarization
Requirements for the Imaging Specifications:
Wavelength coverage: 20 – 3000 µm (goal) Spatial resolution: ≈ 5’’@200 µm Field of view: ≈ 6’@300 µm
Requirements for the Spectroscopic Specifications:
Low resolution: λ/∆λ ≈ 3 Wavelength coverage: 20 – 3000 µm (goal)
Medium resolution: λ/∆λ ≈ 1000 Wavelength coverage: 20 – 3000 µm (goal)
High resolution: λ/∆λ ≥ 100000 Wavelength coverage: 50 – 500 µm (goal)
Requirements for the Interferometric Specifications :
Wavelength coverage: 300 µm – 17 mm (goal) Resolution : λ/∆λ ≥ 100000 Noise temperature: lowest available
ISSTT2013, April 8-10, Groningen, the Netherlands
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ESPRIT: Exploratory SPace submm Radio Interferometric Telescope
Hubble resolution in the FIR
Th. de Graauw, J. Cernicharo, A. Bos, J. Bregman, L.Darcio, J-W den Herder, A. Gunst,
F. Helmich, P. Maat, J, Noordam, A. Quirrenbach, P. Roelfsema, L. Venema, P.
Wesselius, W. Wild, J. Martin-Pintado, P. Yagoubov, et al.
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Arnold and SRON: personal liaison for ASTRON Arnold’s Submm Mixer array dream:
• Cross-guide couplers (fast and practical) • One eye on QO designs: LogPer • Effort was aborted Present status on receiver arrays: • 8 pixels 460-498GHz; 8 for 800-920; KOSMA • 7 pixels 660-690GHz; 7 for 800-880; MPIfRA/Champ+ In development: 128 pixel for 460-500 GHz; KOSMA/Caltech/JPL; CCAT Balanced mixers!!
PM: ALMA-MADE discussion on ASTRON role in ALMA front-end fabrication (Astro-Tech)
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Concluding
• ASTRON (Dwingeloo) always extremely hospital for Submm development teams in the Netherlands: Utrecht and Groningen.
• In exchange of ideas, equipment and sharing workloads
• Team of Jean with Arnold and Bert
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Arnold, Many Thanks
and Best Wishes for
the Future 30