First Year Second Semester - :: Kathmandu Universityku.edu.np/med/2 First Year Second...

Department of Mechanical Engineering - Course Catalogue 1

First Year Second Semester

MATH 201 Advanced Calculus 3cr.


Objective: To extend the first year calculus course and to equip students for the rigorous analysis required for engineering studies.

Space Coordinates: cylindrical coordinates, equations relating Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates, spherical coordinates, equations relating Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates to spherical, polar coordinates graphs of polar equations, polar equations of conics and other curves, polar integrals.

Limits and Indeterminate Forms: the form 0.a, the form a.a, the forms 00, 0a, a0, aa, 1a, orders of infinity.

Functions of Several Variables and Their Derivatives: - functions of two or more variables, limits and continuity - partial derivatives, chain rules, dependent variables - gradients, directional derivative and tangent planes, higher order derivatives - maxima, minima and saddle points, Lagrange multipliers, exact differentials. Multiple Integrals: - introduction, double integrals, area, changing to polar coordinates - triple integrals in rectangular coordinates - integrals in cylindrical and spherical coordinates - surface area, change of order of integration. Beta and Gamma Functions: - Beta and Gamma functions, properties of the functions - transformations of Gamma functions, relation between the functions. Applications of the Theory of Integration: - area of curves in Cartesian coordinates, area between two Cartesian curves - area of the curves in polar coordinates, volume of solid of revolutions - surface of solids of revolutions, Dirichlet's integrals. Vector Functions and Their Derivatives: - derivatives of vector functions, tangent vectors, velocity and acceleration - arc length for space curves, the unit tangent vector - curvature and normal vectors and components, derivatives of vector products, Vector Integral Calculus: - vector fields, surface integrals, line integrals and work, two dimensional fields - flux across a plane curve, Green's theorem, Gauss's theorem, Stoke's theorem. Fourier Series and Integrals: - periodic functions, trigonometric series, Fourier series, Euler's formulae, - convergence theorem ( proof not required ), functions having arbitrary period,- even and odd functions, half-range expansions, Fourier integral. References:

1. G B Thomas and R L Finney,Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Narosa Publishing House 2. E Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wiley Eastern Ltd.

PHYS 102 General physics II 2cr.


A. Electricity & Magnetism

1. Electrostatic field

Electric charge; Coulomb's law; electric field due to point and continuous charge distribution; flux in electric field; Gauss's law; electric field due to line, plane, and spherical charge distribution. Line integral of an electric field; potential difference and potential; gradient of scalar field; relation between electric field and potential; flux; divergence of vector field; Gauss divergence theorem; divergence in Cartesian coordinates; divergence of electric field; Poisson's equation; Laplace’s equation; Curl of vector function; Stokes’ theorem; curl in Cartesian coordinates; curl of electrostatic field; energy of point and continuous charge distribution; energy density in electric field. (10 hours) 2. Electrostatic field in matter The electric field of dipole; force and torque on a dipole; energy of dipole in electric field; dielectric; polarization; bound charges; field vectors D and E and their boundary conditions; capacitors filled with dielectrics, electric susceptibility, polarizability, Clausius-Mossotti relation. (4 hours) 3. Magnetostatics Magnetic field B and magnetic flux; Lorentz's force; volume current density; equation of continuity; the magnetic field of a steady current; Biot-Savart law; Ampere’s law; divergence and curl of B; magnetic vector potential.

(4 hours) 4. Magnetostatic field in matter Magnetic dipole; torque on magnetic dipole; energy of magnetic dipole in magnetic field; magnetization; bound current; magnetic field vectors B and H and their relation; magnetic susceptibility; diamagnetism, paramagneitsm and ferromagnetism; Langevin theory of diamagnetism and paramagneitsm; domain theory of ferromagnetism; hysteresis.

(5 hours) 5. Electromagnetic induction Motional emf; loop moving in static magnetic field; Faraday's law; Faraday’s lawin differential form; self-induction; mutual induction; reciprocity theorem; energy stored in magnetic field. (3 hours) 6. Electromagnetic wave propagation Displacement current; Maxwell's equations; Maxwell’s equations in vacuum; Maxwell's equations in material medium; energy in electromagnetic field; Poynting’s theorem and Poynting vector; electromagnetic wave equation in vacuum.

(3 hours)

PHYS 102 General physics II 2cr.


B. Modern Physics

1. Physics of atoms and molecules

Atomic spectra: visible and X-ray, Molecular bonds, Molecular spectra, Raman effect, Band theory of solid, electrical conduction in metals, insulators and semiconductors, superconductivity. (3 hours)

2. Nuclear structure

Nuclear binding energy, Natural and artificial radioactivity, Nuclear reactions (3 hours)

3. Applications of nuclear physics

Nuclear fission and fusion, Nuclear reactors, Radiation detectors, Radiation hazards, Uses of nuclear radiation. (3 hours)

Reference Books:

1. David J. Griffith: Introduction to electrodynamics 2. R. Resnick and E. Halliday: Physics part II 3. Berkley Physics Series: Electricity and magnetism 4. R. A. Serway and J. W. Jewett: Physics for engineers and scientists 5. R. Murugeshan: Modern physics

List of experiments

1. Measurement of low resistance using Carey-Foster's Bridge. 2. Determination capacitance of a capacitor by charging and discharging. 3. Study of the phenomenon of resonance in parallel LCR circuit. 4. Determination of wavelength of laser light using a plane diffraction grating. 5. Study of the absorption of beta-particles by an intervening medium and determination of

the mass absorption coefficient. 6. Determination of specific charge of an electron (e/m) by Thompson method. 7. Determination of moment of inertia of given fly wheel.

COMP 116 Object Oriented Programming 2cr.


Course Description: This course introduces the fundamental concepts of object-oriented programming Constructs in C++. Topics include classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism and template etc.

Contents

Introduction to Object Oriented Programming[4 hours]: Concept of Object Oriented Paradigm,Features of OOP, Benefits of OOP

Introducing C++ [4 hours]: Introduction,A sample C++ program, Reference Variables,Inline Functions,Function Overloading,Comparison between C and C++

Classes and Objects [6 hours]: Introduction to class and objects, Defining a class with member function, Private Member Functions,Initializing an Object,Static Data Members, Static Member Functions

Object Constructions and Destructions [5 hours]: Introduction to Constructor, Parameterized Constructor, Copy Constructor, Destructor

Operator Overloading [6 hours]: Introduction, Defining Operator Overloading, Overloading Unary Operators, Overloading Binary Operators, Overloading Binary Operators using Friend Functions

Inheritance[6 hours]: Introduction, Base Classes and Derived Classes, Single Inheritance and Multiple Inheritance, Protected Members, Virtual Base classes and Abstract classes, Constructors and Destructor in Derived Classes

Polymorphism [6 hours]: Introduction, Pointers to Objects, Pointers to Derived Classes, Virtual Functions, Pure Virtual Functions

Template [4 hours]: Introduction, Class Templates, Function Templates

Exception Handling [4 hours]: Introduction, Basics of Exception Handling, Exception Handling Mechanism, Throwing and Catching Exception, Re-throwing an Exception

Total Lecture Hours: 45

Reference Books:

1. John R. Hubbard, “Theory and Problems of Programming with C++, 2/e”, McGraw-Hill. 2. H. M. Deitel, “C++ How to Program” D&D. 3. Friedman and Koffman, “Problem Solving, Abstraction and Design using C++ , 5/e”,

Addison-Wesley.

ENGG 112 Elements of Engineering II 3cr.


Objective: This course is the fundamental course in electrical technology and covers the topics that is applicable to the future professional to the all branches of engineering. It covers topics in basic circuit analysis, A.C. circuit, transformers and electrical machines.

Basic Circuit Theory

Ideal and non-ideal sources, dependent and independent sources, resistors: characteristics (value, power rating, codes, tolerances), current, voltage, power relationships, equivalent resistance in parallel and series connection, temperature coefficient, delta-star connection, Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws, voltage divider and current divider formula, node and mesh analysis, solution by determinant and substitution, superposition theorem, Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems and network solution using these theorems, maximum power transfer to the load in a 2 -port resistive network.

Transient Analysis

Terminal characteristics of inductor and capacitor, voltage current relationship in inductor and capacitor, voltage and current across the capacitor and inductor in steady state, abrupt change of current or voltage across capacitor or induction, energy stored in inductor and capacitor in steady state, inductors and capacitors in series and parallel, source free and step response of RL and RC circuit.

AC Circuit Fundamentals

Generation of AC voltage (brief theoretical introduction of ac machine), definition of time period, frequency, waveform, phase, and phase difference, peak, peak-to-peak, average, and RMS or effective value of any type of ac voltage or current waveform, phasors: phasor algebra and steady state analysis of RLC circuits, impedance, admittance, and reactance, real, reactive and apparent power, power factor and significance of power factor, resonance in series and parallel RLC circuits, bandwidth, and effect of Q-factor in resonance, 3-phase circuits: generation of 3-phase, merits of 3-phase over 1-phase generation, phase sequence (ABC or CBA), voltage and current phasors in different sequence (ABC or CBA), line and phase quantities in Y-connected or delta connected balanced load, Y-delta equivalence, power in 3-phase circuits.

Magnetic Circuits and Transformers

Revision of electromagnetism, magnetic field and flux, magnetic field strength, MMF, permeability of free space, relative permeability, B-H curve and its significance in the construction of electromechanical energy conversion devices, introduction to a simple magnetic circuit with air gap, reluctance and permeance, comparison of magnetic circuit with electric circuit, Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, self inductance and mutual inductance, coupling coefficient, dot convention in electric circuit, single phase transformers: construction, principle of operation, ideal transformer, voltage and current

ENGG 112 Elements of Engineering II 3cr.


relationship, turns ratio, impedance transformation, losses, efficiency, and regulation, operation of relay and solenoid.

Electrical Machines and Instruments

Basic principle of DC and AC machine (generator and motor), construction features, basic operation principle, types, characteristics, principle of moving coil and moving iron galvanometer, principle of the DC voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter, voltmeter sensitivity and error correction.

ENGT 102 Communication Skills 2cr.


Study Skills in English: (following selections from the textbook) Units 4, 5, 6, and 7 - Seminar Skills - English Composition : Theory and Practice Adventures in English: (prescribed units) a. Reading at four levels: i. How sane are we? ii. Mr. Know- all iii. Keeping errors at Bay iv. The Telegram on the table v. We are breaking the silence about death vi. Where the mind is without fear vii. A Tale viii. Who Was to Blame? Professional Writing: a. Research Essay b. Seminar c. Business Letters d. Report Other language activities and games. References

1. Nissani, Moti & Lohani, Shreedhar. Adventures in English. Nepal: Ekta Books, 1996. 2. Michael . J. Study Skills in English (Complete set). CUP. 1980.

EDRG 102 Engineering Drawing 2cr.


Isometric Projection

Introduction, Isometric projection of different objects, orthographic projection.

Production drawing

Nominal and basic size, allowance, tolerance, limits of size, clearance fit, interference fit, basic hole system and shaft system.

Screw threads

Representation and dimensions

Fasteners

Types and drawing representation of keys, cutter, joints, springs, bearings, bolt and nut. Rivet and riveted joints- Types and representation.Section of solids.Intersection of solids.Development of surfaces.

References

1. Fundamental of Engineering Drawing by W.J LUZADDER 2. Engg. Drawing and Graphic Technology by T.L. FRENCH 3. Engineering drawing volume 1&2 by K.R. GOPAL KRISHNA 4. Engineering drawing by M.D. BHAT

ENGG 102 Engineering Project 2cr.


Guidelines

• The first few weeks of the course will be classroom basic instruction on the theoretical and practical principles of digital logic design will be covered. This will be followed by instruction and practical exercises on the skills of report writing and presentation.

• Students will then be divided into teams of six. They will appoint a team leader who wills co-ordinate the activities of the team. An advisor will be allocated to each team.

• Each team will be guided into the selection of one of a number of projects involving digital circuitry. Possible projects might be one of the following examples:- direction pointer. LED chaser. 7-segment Display Driver .Reaction Tester Electronic Dice Traffic Lights. Encoder I.C. Tester. Up/Down counter.

• Each team will be given a design specification which may include a block diagram. They will then

carry out the design. Prototype construction and testing of selected project.

• Each team will compile a report. Each student should make a contribution to the report. It should include but not be limited to the following section:- introduction why the project was chosen and what the aim was ). How it was carried out (who did what). Details of design and construction a brief estimate of the costs involved. Test results (how well it met the specification). Lessons learned from the project exercise and what modifications might be made for further development.

• Each term will give a presentation. Every member of the team should take part. Emphasis should be making on giving a clear and concise overview of how the project was carried out Long and detailed explanations of how the circuit works should be avoided. The team should use appropriate resources such as white or chalk boards. Overhead projector charts etc. give a demonstration of the produce and be prepared to questions. A maximum of half an hour will be given for the presentation. This must not be exceeded. Each student will be assessed individually for their presentation.



Fundamentals of Ecology

Organization, functioning and development, Concept of ecosystem, Organization of ecosystem: abiotic and biotic component, Functioning of ecosystem: ecological energetic. Biogeochemical cycles- N2, H 20,So2,P: homeostasis, Concept of limiting factors, Habitat and niche, Ecological equivalents, Sympatry and Allopatry

Environmental Engineering

Introduction, Environmental system overview, Environmental ethics, A material balance approach to problem solving, Environmental law, Environmental Economics

Hydrology

The hydrological cycle, Surface water hydrology, Ground water hydrology, Common units of measurement, The hydrologic equation, Rainfall analysis, Runoff analysis

Water Quality management: Water pollutants and their sources, Water quality standard, Water Quality Analysis, Water treatments,

Water Supply

Population estimation and Prediction, Consequence of overdrawing surface water and ground water, Water Pollution- Nepalese context, Arsenic pollution in Nepal

Wastewater treatment: Wastewater microbiology, Characteristics of waste water, Municipal waste water treatment system, Reed Bed Waste water treatment system

Air pollution

Physical and chemicals fundamentals, Air pollution perspectives, Air pollution standards, Effect of air pollution, Air pollution meteorology, Atmospheric dispersion, Indoor air pollution, Control measures, PM 10 – An analysis of Brick Kilns factory

Noise pollution

Introduction, Effect of noise on people, Rating system, Noise control

Solid waste management

Introduction, Sources, collection, transportation, landfilling, incineration and composting, Resource conservation and recovery, Hazardous wastes

Global environmental events: Global warming, Ozone layer depletion, Acid deposition, Eutrophication, Asian Brown Cloud,



Case study

Chernobyl disasters, Bhopal gas tragedy and Minamatta disease Environmental mathematical modeling

Environmental technologies Bioengineering, GIS and Remote Sensing, Instrumental Analysis

Observational studies Air pollution monitoring in Kathmandu University, Water quality monitoring, Noise pollution,

Field trip Bagmati waste water treatment KU Wastewater treatment, Dhulikhel Water Treatment Project References

1. Odum, E.P. (1996) Fundamentals of Ecology, 3rd Edition, Natraj Publishers, Dehra Dun, India.

2. Enger, E.D. and B. F. Smith (2000) Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships, 7th Ed., Mc Graw Hill Higher Education ,International Edition, Boston, USA.

3. Davis, M and David A. Cornell (1998) Introduction to environmental engineering.Third edition, Mc Graw Hill International edition.

4. K. Subramanya (1994) Engineering hydrology, 2nd edition, Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.

5. P. N. Modi (1998), Water Supply Engineering, Vol 1,Dr. P.N. Modi, Standard Book home, Delhi.

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