First steps in English: The Basics
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Transcript of First steps in English: The Basics
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The basics
Elena Santa
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Destinatarios
• Lengua extranjera –Inglés
1º de Bachillerato students
Picture from Microsoft Office Online
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Objetivos
1. Be aware of the grammar basics in English
2. Mastering verbs to BE and HAVE in their easiest tenses (Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple)
3. Mastering pronouns (personal, possessive and object)
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The very beginning...
Subject pronouns Who? Spanish
I Yo
You Tú
He/She/It Él/Ella/ello
We Nosotros
You Vosotros
They Ellos
1ªpersona singular
2ªpersona singular
3ªpersona singular
1º persona plural
2ª persona plural
3ª persona plural
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Top important VERBS
subject verb
I am
You are
He/She/It is
We are
You are
They are
subject verb
I have (got)
You have (got)
He/She/It has (got)
We have (got)
You have (got)
They have (got)
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Let’s see the simple tensespositive & negative
I am...
(I’m)
I am not
(I’m not)
I was I was not
(I wasn’t)
I will be
(I’ll be)
I will be not
(I won’t)
You are
(You’re)
You are not
(You’re not)
You were You were not
(You weren’t)
You will be
(You’ll be)
You will be not
(You won’t)
He/She/It is
(He’s/She’s/It’s)
He/She/It is not
(He/She/It isn’t)
He/She/It was
He/She/It was not
(He/She/It wasn’t)
He/She/It will be
(He’ll/She’ll/It’ll be)
He/She/It will be not
(He/She/It won’t)
We are
(We’re...)
We are not
(We’re not)
We were We were not
(We weren’t)
We will be
(We’ll be)
We will be not
(We won’t)
You are
(You’re)
You are not
(You’re not)
You were You were not
(You weren’t)
You will be
(You’ll be)
You will be not
(You won’t)
They are
(They’re)
They are not
(They’re not)
They were They were not
(They weren’t)
They will be
(They’ll be)
They will be not
(They won’t)
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and interrogative!
Am I? Am I not? Was I? Was not I?
(Wasn’t I?
Will I be? Will not I be?
(Won’t I be?)
Are you? Are you not?
(Aren’t you?)
Were you? Were not you?
(Weren’t you?)
Will you be? Will not you be?
(Won’t you be?)
Is he/she/ it is? Is he/she/ it is not?
(Isn’t he/she/it?)
Was he/she/it?
Was not he/she/it?
(Wasn’t he/she/it?)
Will he/she/it be? Will not he/she/it be?
(Won’t he/she/it be?)
Are we? Are we not?
(Aren’t we?)
Were we? Were not we?
(Weren’t we?)
Will we be? Will not we be?
(Won’t we be?)
Are you? Are you not?
(Aren’t you?)
Were you? Were not you?
(Weren’t you?)
Will you be? Will not you be?
(Won’t you be?)
Are they? Are they not?
(Aren’t they?)
Were they? Were not they?
(Weren’t they?)
Will they be? Will not they be?
(Won’t they be?)
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Yes/No answers TO BE
Yes, I am
No, I’m not
Yes, I was
No, I wasn’t
Yes, I will
No, I won’t
Yes, you are
No, you aren’t
Yes, you were
No, you weren’t
Yes, you will
No, you won’t
Yes, he/she/it is
No, he/she/it isn’t
Yes, he/she/it was
No, he/she/it wasn’t
Yes, he/she/it will
No, he/she/it won’t
Yes, we are
No, we aren’t
Yes, we were
No, we weren’t
Yes, we will
No, we won’t
Yes, you are
No, you aren’t
Yes, you were
No, you weren’t
Yes, you will
No, you won’t
Yes, they are
No, they aren’t
Yes, they were
No, they weren’t
Yes, they will
No, they won’t
You can combine the contracted forms with the long ones:
No, I’m not
or
No, I am not
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positive & negative
I have
(I’ve)
I have not
(I haven’t)
I had I had not
(I hadn’t)
I will have
(I’ll have)
I will not have
(I won’t have)
You have
(You’ve)
You have not
(You haven’t)
You had You had not
(You hadn’t)
You will have
(You’ll have)
You will not have
(You won’t have)
He/She/It has
(He’s/She’s/It’s)
He/She/It is has not
(He/She/It hasn’t)
He/She/It had
He/She/It had not
(He/She/It hadn’t)
He/She/It will have
(He’ll/She’ll/It’ll have)
He/She/It will not have
(He/She/It won’t have)
We have
(We’ve)
We have not
(We haven’t)
We had We had not
(We hadn’t)
We will have
(We’ll have)
We will not have
(We won’t have)
You have
(You’ve)
You have not
(You haven’t)
You had You had not
(You hadn’t)
You will have
(You’ll have)
You will not have
(You won’t have)
They have
(They’ve)
They have not
(They haven’t)
They had They had not
(They hadn’t)
They will have
(They’ll have)
They will not have
(They won’t have)
You can add GOT to all the forms
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and interrogative!
Have I? Have not I?
(Haven’t I?)
Had I? Had not I?
(Hadn’t I?
Will I have? Will not I have?
(Won’t I have?)
Have you? Have not you?
(Haven’t you?)
Had you? Had not you?
(Hadn’t you?)
Will you have? Will not you have?
(Won’t you have?)
Has he/she/ it? Has not he/she/ it?
(Hasn’t he/she/it?)
Had he/she/it? Had not he/she/it?
(Hadn’t he/she/it?)
Will he/she/it have? Will not he/she/it have?
(Won’t he/she/it have?)
Have we? Have we not?
(Haven’t we?)
Had we? Had not we?
(Hadn’t we?)
Will we have? Will not we have?
(Won’t we have?)
Have you? Have not you?
(Haven’t you?)
Had you? Had not you?
(Hadn’t you?)
Will you have? Will not you have?
(Won’t you have?)
Have they? Have they not?
(Haven’t they?)
Had they? Had not they?
(Hadn’t they?)
Will they have? Will not they have?
(Won’t they have?)
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Yes/No answers TO HAVE
Yes, I have
No, I haven’t
Yes, I had
No, I hadn’t
Yes, I will have
No, I won’t have
Yes, you have
No, you haven’t
Yes, you had
No, you hadn’t
Yes, you will have
No, you won’t have
Yes, he/she/it has
No, he/she/it hasn’t
Yes, he/she/it had
No, he/she/it hadn’t
Yes, he/she/it will have
No, he/she/it won’t have
Yes, we have
No, we haven’t
Yes, we had
No, we hadn’t
Yes, we will have
No, we won’t have
Yes, you have
No, you haven’t
Yes, you had
No, you hadn’t
Yes, you will have
No, you won’t have
Yes, they have
No, they haven’t
Yes, they had
No, they hadn’t
Yes, they will have
No, they won’t have
You can combine the contracted forms with the long ones:
No, I haven’t
or
No, I have not
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Aaarghh! Too much theory?Let’s stop for a moment
• Breathe.........that’s right.• You don’t need to learn all these forms by heart
(=de memoria). When you understand the structure for all the subjects, you know the form if you think about it.
• Have a look at these horrible grammar tables only when you are not sure about a form.
Picture from Microsoft Office Online
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Pronouns
- These are the most important ones:
Object pronouns: these pronouns are used very often. Lots of students confuse them with the subject pronouns or even with the possessives.
Possessive pronouns: use them to show possession. However, there are two types, and students usually get confused between the two!
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Here they are...
Subjects Objects
I Me = a mí, me
you You = a ti, te
He/she/It Him = a él, le
Her = a ella, le
Its = a ello, le
We Us = a nosotros, nos
You You = a vosotros, os
They Them = a ellos, les
Possessive
Pronouns
“Adjective”
possessives
Mine My
Yours Your
His/Hers/Its His/Her/Its
Ours Our
Yours Your
Theirs Their
Be careful with the possessives, don’t confuse them!The pronouns can appear alone:
-This is mine = esto es mío
But the adjectives always appear before a noun:
-This is my house =Esta es mi casa
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Easy, right?
Now, get ready to practise...
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Practical practise!
• Write these sentences in English. Think carefully about the forms:
1. Él está aquí.2. Nosotros no tenemos los libros.3. ¿Estás en la casa?4. Nuestra casa está en la montaña.5. Ese ordenador no es mío, es tuyo.6. Ellas están con ellos.7. La mesa no es de ellos, es de él.8. ¿Tenéis la botella? No, no la tenemos.9. ¿Estabas en la cocina? Sí.10. Tengo tu chaqueta.