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Performance and Emission

characteristics of Biodiesel inCI Engine

 A.R.Palanivelrajan (14676!

Guided by

Mr. G.Anbarasu M.E.,

Assistant Professor (Selection Grade)

Thermal Engineering Deartment

Sri !ama"rishna #ollege $f Engineering

1

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Biodiesel

•   Biodiesel refers to a vegeta#le oil $ or animal fat$#adiesel f%el consisting of long$chain al&'l (meth'l eth)ro)'l! esters*+,.

• -he ational Biodiesel Board (/0A! also has a techn

denition of 2#iodiesel2 as a mono$al&'l ester*+,.• Blends of #iodiesel and conventional h'drocar#on$#a

diesel are )rod%cts most commonl' distri#%ted for %the retail diesel f%el mar&et)lace.

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h' Biodiesel 5

• %e to increase in demand for f%el and ith increasing )rice of the Petr)rod%cts . e)letion of the fossil f%el reso%rces to f%lll the need of-rans)ortation sector glo#all' it is 3nd *7, in cons%m)tion of )etrole%m )r

• India im)orting the cr%de oil hich lead to the increase in )rice of )etrdiesel. Remed' for this )rice hi&e is Alternate Reso%rce of f%el.

•

-he alternate reso%rce of f%el can #e o#tained from the vegeta#le8animfats8seeds of vario%s -rees8#iomass li9%efaction.

• Biodiesel has #een a sol%tion for alternate f%els and it has #een in resea)ast 1 'ears. :ver ;<= of orld #iodiesel is from Edi#le oils*7,.

• %e to the con>ict #eteen food and f%el no more research is done onedi#le oils*7,.

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h' not direct %se of cr%de

seed8vegeta#le8animal fat oil in Engin• -here has ala's #een s)ec%lations that h' not to %s

cr%de oil from the a#ove so%rces in CI Engines.

• @ost of iesel Engines can directl' r%n on Cr%de oils the man%fact%rers of Engines are never in acce)tance

cr%de oil %sage. 0ince it ma' ca%se iss%es in Engines #• Increasing ear8tear

• Cho&ing of injector d%e to )oor atomiation of cr%de oil

• Incom)lete com#%stion ca%sing car#on emission and Increasenoc&ing.

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Pro)erties of cr%de oil aects

engines•  Discosit'

• Caloric val%e

•  Acidic nat%re of oil

•

lash8re )oint•  volatilit'

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@ethods to convert cr%de oils to

engine Biof%el• -he im)ortant )ro)ert' of cr%de oil is FDI0C:0I-GH hi

hen red%ced leads to vario%s )ro)ert' change to the coil.

• Initiall' there ere 4 methods %sed in viscosit' red%ctio

the Cr%de oil namel' *1,• P'rol'sis

• il%tion

• @icro em%lsion

• -rans$esterication

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-rans$esterication

• It is one of the foremost methods %sed this method is s%sed other than the other three methods.

• It is d%e to the conversion eicienc' of the cr%de oil toBiof%el ith red%ced viscosit'.

• -rans$esterication %ses catal'st that is acidic or #asecatal'st in addition ith alcohols li&e methanol ethan

• -he nal )rod%ct o#tained is called meth'l ester or ethester #ased on the alcohol %sed.

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Contd.

• -here are also -o ste) )rocess for certain seed cr%de oil*3,

•  Acid esterication red%cing the acidic nat%re )rod%cing att' acid co

•  Al&ali -rans$esterication Red%ction of Discosit'

• Jist of catal'sts %sed commonl' in Esterication K -rans$esterication *1,*3,

• aoL

• oL

• L30:4

• L'drochloric acid

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actors eecting the 'ield of

-rans$esterication• -he trans$esterication )rocess 'ields de)ends on fa

li&e*1,

• Percentage of catal'st added.

• Percentage of methanol8ethanol added.

• -em)erat%re at hich the )rocess is occ%rring.• 0)eed of the magnetic stirrer.

• -ime d%ration of the stirring hen not stirred or over stirrca%se soa)' sol%tion.

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@aMim%m Gield of Biof%el in -rans$esterication Proce

= of catal'st to = of alcohol added N magnetic stirrer N favora#le tem)erat%re

O

Ligh Gield of Biof%el

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 A0-@ 0tandard for Biodiesel

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0tandards folloed in India8oth

co%ntries• enerall' most of the jo%rnals read in the literat%re

revie are #eing from o%tside India. -he' consider tstandards given #' American 0ociet' of -esting K@aterials.

• In India e have o%r on standards Provided #' B%rIndian 0tandards(BI0!

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Project

Phase I Progress• Jiterat%re Revie

• Lo vario%s #iodiesel can #e )re)ared from the vario%s so%rces as ma#ove*?,.

• hat is @ajor Engine related iss%es ith %sage of on trans$esterie

• 0t%d' on hat all engine )arameters are noted hen %sing #iodiesel*

• Engine -or9%e• Bra&e Poer

• %el cons%m)tion at dierent loads

• EMha%st as tem)erat%re meas%rement

• Emissions

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Listogram re)resentation of )ro)erties of Cei#)etandra and igella 0ativa #lends #iodiesels*

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Contd.

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Contd.

• Pre)aration of vario%s #iodiesel from vario%s oils antheir engine )erformance

• Ce#ia Petandra #iodiesel )rod%ction*?,.

• Engine )erformance of jatro)ha sterc%lia foetida*4,.

•  Disit to -amil ad% forest %niversit' to en9%ire availof seeds at )resent and to &no the feasi#le #iodiese)ossi#le no.

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Contd.

• In conteMt to availa#ilit' of seeds and develo)ing #iodiesels #aseliterat%re revie fe #iodiesel )rod%ction feasi#le -ree seeds na

• 0il& cotton seed(ce#ia )etandra!(Illava maram!

• Ill%)ai (madh%ca longifolia!

• 0orgh%m tree seeds

•

P%nnai (canno)h'll%m inno)h'll%m!• %rther more literat%re revie has to #e done on hat is to #e do

the a#ove seeds.

• @an' related ideas has #een disc%ssed ith m' )roject g%ide deon the facilities availa#le in Coim#atore f%rther or& has to #e do

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Jist of Pa)ers

• Biodiesel Prod%ction from a)o& 0eed :il (Cei#a Pentandra! -hro%gh the -ransestProcess #' /sing Cao as Catal'st

•  A com)rehensive revie on #iodiesel as an alternative energ' reso%rce an its chara

• :)timiation and &inetic st%dies on #iodiesel )rod%ction from %nder%tilied Cei#a Poil.

• ano sied heterogeneo%s acid catal'st from Cei#a )entandra stal&s for )rod%ction#iodiesel %sing eMtracted oil from Cei#a )entandra seeds.

• Parametric :)timiation of a)o& (Ceiba  Pentandra) :il @eth'l Ester Prod%ction %-ag%chi A))roach

•  A revie on conversion of #iomass to #iof%el #' nanocatal'sts

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Contd.

•  An investigation of #iodiesel )rod%ction from microalgae fo%nd in @a%raters

• Catal'tic crac&ing of edi#le and non$edi#le oils for the )rod%ction of #io

• Progress and recent trends in #iodiesel f%els

• :)timiation of Prod%ction and Performance of Biodiesel thro%gh :)tim

-echni9%es A Revie• Pros)ects of 3nd generation #iodiesel as a s%staina#le f%elQ Part1 sele

feedstoc& oil eMtraction techni9%es and conversion technologies

@ore than + jo%rnals at )resent are collected in the Jiterat%re revie)hase. A#ove mentioned are fe of the jo%rnals related to #iodiesel.

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Reference(literat%re revieed )a)1! Eective Conversion of a)o& seed oil into Biodiesel and Investigation of Eects of catal'concentrations and chromatogra)hic characteriation.

 A%thors @.A.Aso&an K R.Dija'an

3! EM)erimental 0t%d' on Performance K EMha%st Emission of a diesel engine f%elled ith ce

)etandra #iodiesel #lends(31?!

 A%thors A.0.0ilitonga L.L.@asj%&i -.@.I.@ahila Lai Ch'%an .-.Chong

?! CEIBA PE-ARA A feasi#le non$edi#le oil so%rce for #iodiesel )rod%ction.(313!

 A%thors A.0.0ilitonga L.L.@asj%&i -.@.I.@ahila.

4! Prod%ction and com)arative f%el )ro)erities of vario%s #iodiesel from atro)ha C%rcas 0oetida K Cei#a Pentandra.

 A%thors A.0.0ilitonga L.L.@asj%&i -.@.I.@ahila Lai Ch'%an .-.Chong @.L.Boos

<! /tiliation of a)o& 0eed as Potential eedstoc& for Biodiesel Prod%ction.

 A%thors orafneea oraahar 0%ana G%s%) @%rni @. Ahmad %naid Ahmad 0%liaBa&ar

6! Cei#a Pentandra igella 0ativa and their Blend as Pros)ective eedstoc&Ss for Biodiesel.

7! In>%ence of Biodiesel Blending on Ph'siochemical Pro)erities K Im)ortance of @athematfor Predicting the Pro)erties of Biodiesel Blend

+! htt)s88en.i&i)edia.org8i&i8Biodiesel

;! htt)88.#iodieseltechnocrats.in8#Tstandard.html

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