FIRST LIGHT A selection of future facilities relevant to the formation and evolution of galaxies...
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Transcript of FIRST LIGHT A selection of future facilities relevant to the formation and evolution of galaxies...
![Page 1: FIRST LIGHT A selection of future facilities relevant to the formation and evolution of galaxies Wavelength Sensitivity Spatial resolution.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b7d7f8b9ab0599b9bd8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: FIRST LIGHT A selection of future facilities relevant to the formation and evolution of galaxies Wavelength Sensitivity Spatial resolution.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b7d7f8b9ab0599b9bd8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GAIA: science objectivesGAIA will map a billion stars in 3-d…
…and thus provide:• our Galaxy’s spatial and dynamic structure + formation history• distance and velocity distributions of all stellar populations• a rigorous framework for stellar structure and evolution theories• details of a template galaxy for cosmological studies• definitive distance standards out to the LMC• fundamental physical quantities to unprecedented accuracies• support to developments such as VLT, JWST, etc• a large-scale survey of extra-solar planets• a large-scale survey of Solar System bodies• rapid reaction alerts for supernovae and burst sources
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Planck Science Capabilities• CMB anisotropy maps to an
accuracy DT/T~10-6, on angular scales larger than 10 arcminutes
• Cosmological parameters, Ho, Wo, Wb, ..... to a precision of a few percent
• Tests of inflationary models of the early Universe
• Search for non-gaussianity/topological defects
• Initial conditions for formation of large-scale structure
• Nature of dark matter
• Detection of Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect in thousands of rich clusters of galaxies
• Catalogs of extragalactic sources and backgrounds
– IR and radio galaxies– AGN's, QSO's, blazars– Evolution of galaxy counts to z > 1– Far-IR background fluctuations …
• Maps of Galaxy at frequencies 30 - 1000 GHz
– Dust properties– Cloud and cirrus morphology– Star forming regions– Cosmic ray distribution– Galactic magnetic field …
CosmologyCosmology AstrophysicsAstrophysics
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Herschel: Science Objectives• Galaxy Formation and Evolution
How & when did galaxies form, universal star formation history, relation to near-IR and sub-mm galaxies
• Interstellar Medium in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxiesproperties of star forming ISM, structure, dynamics, and composition, templates for understanding high-z galaxies
• Dense Cores and Star Formationdynamics, role of water, disks
• Late Stages of Stellar Evolutionwinds, mass loss, asymmetries, composition
• Solar System Bodiescomets, water in giant planets, chemistry of atmospheres
• Observatory Mission community’s inputs and proposals
![Page 5: FIRST LIGHT A selection of future facilities relevant to the formation and evolution of galaxies Wavelength Sensitivity Spatial resolution.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b7d7f8b9ab0599b9bd8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
HERSCHEL: 3.5mALMA: baseline ??km
Sensitivity versus Spatial Resolution
![Page 6: FIRST LIGHT A selection of future facilities relevant to the formation and evolution of galaxies Wavelength Sensitivity Spatial resolution.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b7d7f8b9ab0599b9bd8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
NGST (James Webb Space Telescope)
James Webb Space Telescope – launch 2011
Hubble Telescope to scale
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Origin and evolution of galaxies
• Deep Multi-colour imaging• Morphologies
• Photometric redshifts
• Multi-object Spectroscopy• Star formation rate• Abundances• Ages• Physical conditions
• Locate high z sample
• Survey approach
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Origin and Evolution of Galaxies
• The creation of the elements– Map metallicity with redshift– Check for consistency with:
• Global star formation and rate• Type II Supernovae rate
• The evolution of galaxies like the Milky Way– The growth of structure – From initial fluctuations to present day
galaxies
• Exploring the Dark Ages– Ignition of the first stars– Reionization of the intergalactic medium
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VLT/VLTI + ALMA
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The Very Hot, High Energy Universe (launch next decade)
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XEUS Science TopicsObservations of the hot Universe at high redshifts will provide crucial complimentary information to JWST, ALMA, Herschel etc on:
• The formation and evolution of the first massive blackholes
• The large scale structure of the Universe and hot filamentary components at high redshift
• Study of the first small groups of galaxies and their evolution to today’s massive clusters
• Study of the formation of the first metals, in the hot inter-galactic medium
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The ELT: a global 100m telescope project