First Indochina war
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First Indochina war First Indochina war By 1960 the DRV, a nation devastated by the By 1960 the DRV, a nation devastated by the first Indochina war had been transformed into first Indochina war had been transformed into communist state. communist state. Political and economic changes Political and economic changes: Election of Jan 1946, significant efforts were Election of Jan 1946, significant efforts were directed at increasing food production, directed at increasing food production, reducing rents, and redistributing land reducing rents, and redistributing land confiscated from the departing French confiscated from the departing French colonists. colonists. Massive education project also launched Massive education project also launched amongst peasants – to overcome illiteracy and amongst peasants – to overcome illiteracy and make them more politically educated. make them more politically educated. Restructuring of the Vietnamese Communist Restructuring of the Vietnamese Communist movement. movement. 1950 Lao Dang (Vietnam worker’s party) formed, 1950 Lao Dang (Vietnam worker’s party) formed, greatly increasing public involvement in greatly increasing public involvement in political activity. political activity. NVA/Viet Minh at the end of the war: NVA/Viet Minh at the end of the war: Had an independent state with politically Had an independent state with politically educated and supported population. educated and supported population. Had a reformed agricultural system. Had a reformed agricultural system. Had a basis for building industry. Had a basis for building industry. Chapter 10: Chapter 10: North Vietnam 1950-1964 North Vietnam 1950-1964 FQ: FQ: Why was the DRV able to wage a total war? Why was the DRV able to wage a total war?
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Chapter 10: North Vietnam 1950-1964 FQ: Why was the DRV able to wage a total war?. First Indochina war By 1960 the DRV, a nation devastated by the first Indochina war had been transformed into communist state. Political and economic changes : - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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First Indochina warFirst Indochina war
By 1960 the DRV, a nation devastated by the first By 1960 the DRV, a nation devastated by the first Indochina war had been transformed into communist Indochina war had been transformed into communist state.state.
Political and economic changesPolitical and economic changes:: Election of Jan 1946, significant efforts were directed Election of Jan 1946, significant efforts were directed
at increasing food production, reducing rents, and at increasing food production, reducing rents, and redistributing land confiscated from the departing redistributing land confiscated from the departing French colonists.French colonists.
Massive education project also launched amongst Massive education project also launched amongst peasants – to overcome illiteracy and make them peasants – to overcome illiteracy and make them more politically educated.more politically educated.
Restructuring of the Vietnamese Communist Restructuring of the Vietnamese Communist movement. movement.
1950 Lao Dang (Vietnam worker’s party) formed, 1950 Lao Dang (Vietnam worker’s party) formed, greatly increasing public involvement in political greatly increasing public involvement in political activity.activity.
NVA/Viet Minh at the end of the war:NVA/Viet Minh at the end of the war: Had an independent state with politically educated Had an independent state with politically educated
and supported population.and supported population. Had a reformed agricultural system.Had a reformed agricultural system. Had a basis for building industry.Had a basis for building industry.
Chapter 10:Chapter 10: North Vietnam 1950-1964 North Vietnam 1950-1964 FQ: FQ: Why was the DRV able to wage a total war?Why was the DRV able to wage a total war?
Agricultural reformAgricultural reform
LandlordsLandlords: : 1950s land seized off landlords and 1950s land seized off landlords and
redistributed amongst peasants – this gave redistributed amongst peasants – this gave people good reason to support Ho Chi Minh and people good reason to support Ho Chi Minh and his revolution. his revolution.
1955 (after the war) land distribution continued 1955 (after the war) land distribution continued – anyone owning a certain amount of land – anyone owning a certain amount of land could be tried and executed as a landlord could be tried and executed as a landlord (approx 50,000 executed by the end of 1956)(approx 50,000 executed by the end of 1956)
Collectivism:Collectivism: Govt tried to force farmers into collectives and Govt tried to force farmers into collectives and
a peasant revolt erupted but was quickly a peasant revolt erupted but was quickly suppressed.suppressed.
1960 Ho tried again, calling the groups ‘co-1960 Ho tried again, calling the groups ‘co-operatives’. 95% of all peasants collectivized.operatives’. 95% of all peasants collectivized.
Women’s roles Women’s roles
Traditionally held underprivileged status, now Traditionally held underprivileged status, now indispensable economic producers.indispensable economic producers.
Worked in building, road-making and repair.Worked in building, road-making and repair.
Chapter 10:Chapter 10: North Vietnam 1950-1964 North Vietnam 1950-1964 FQ: FQ: Why was the DRV able to wage a total war?Why was the DRV able to wage a total war?
LeadersLeaders
President Ho Chi MinhPresident Ho Chi Minh – – inspiration for revolution (even after his death in 1969) inspiration for revolution (even after his death in 1969) Prime Minister Pham Van DongPrime Minister Pham Van Dong – – Ho’s “Best pupil”. The second in command and Ho’s “Best pupil”. The second in command and
responsible for day to day decision making.responsible for day to day decision making. Le DuanLe Duan – Leader of the Lao Dong. The shrewd behind-the-scenes mastermind. – Leader of the Lao Dong. The shrewd behind-the-scenes mastermind.
Was a Viet Minh organiser in the South, and in the 1960s organised the National Was a Viet Minh organiser in the South, and in the 1960s organised the National Liberation Front (NLF). The principle source of contact between the Viet Cong and Liberation Front (NLF). The principle source of contact between the Viet Cong and the communist govt of North Vietnam.the communist govt of North Vietnam.
Truong ChinhTruong Chinh – – leading policy maker. leading policy maker. Vo Nguyen GiapVo Nguyen Giap – – military commander and minister of defense. military commander and minister of defense.
North Vietnamese ArmyNorth Vietnamese Army
Political influencePolitical influence – Soldier’s political ideas considered as important as their guns. – Soldier’s political ideas considered as important as their guns. Political officials attached to every army unit.Political officials attached to every army unit.
Unity Unity – reunification of Vietnam the goal but differences existed between Nth and – reunification of Vietnam the goal but differences existed between Nth and Sth. NVA soldiers not always welcomed by Southern peasants or even by the Viet Sth. NVA soldiers not always welcomed by Southern peasants or even by the Viet Cong.Cong.
Chapter 10:Chapter 10: North Vietnam 1950-1964 North Vietnam 1950-1964 FQ: FQ: Why was the DRV able to wage a total war?Why was the DRV able to wage a total war?
ActivitiesActivities• Resource questionResource question C (pg51) C (pg51)• Review activities:Review activities: A,B,C. A,B,C.
President JohnsonPresident Johnson
After Kennedy was assassinated, After Kennedy was assassinated, Lyndon JohnsonLyndon Johnson took took over as president.over as president.
He saw the situation as: He saw the situation as: “communist Vietnam was “communist Vietnam was carrying out acts of aggression, the United States carrying out acts of aggression, the United States had to stop this aggression and use force if had to stop this aggression and use force if necessary”necessary”
South Vietnam was seen as being pivotal to America’s South Vietnam was seen as being pivotal to America’s world-wide anti-communist campaign.world-wide anti-communist campaign.
Diem’s programme was crumbling rapidly and the North Diem’s programme was crumbling rapidly and the North Vietnam Arm (NVA) continued to grow in strength and Vietnam Arm (NVA) continued to grow in strength and sophistication, offering increasing support for the South.sophistication, offering increasing support for the South.
President Johnson came to the conclusion that only President Johnson came to the conclusion that only direct American interventiondirect American intervention could prevent a could prevent a communist takeover in Sth Vietnam.communist takeover in Sth Vietnam.
Johhnson promised Ho Chi Minh American aid in return Johhnson promised Ho Chi Minh American aid in return for the North Vietnamese ceasing their assistance of the for the North Vietnamese ceasing their assistance of the South. The offer was South. The offer was declined.declined.
The Tonkin Golf incident (August 1964)The Tonkin Golf incident (August 1964) then then provided the Americans with the excuse they needed to provided the Americans with the excuse they needed to invade the North. (see handout)invade the North. (see handout)
Chapter 11:Chapter 11: Total War, AmericanWar Total War, AmericanWar FQ: FQ: How and why did the Americans escalate the war?How and why did the Americans escalate the war?
• The fall of Diem led to The fall of Diem led to political instabilitypolitical instability in Sth Vietnam in Sth Vietnam• Viet Cong took advantage of this time to increase its Viet Cong took advantage of this time to increase its strength in the North.strength in the North.
Impact on South Vietnam (much was negative influence)Impact on South Vietnam (much was negative influence)
Corruption in politicsCorruption in politics – Narcotics trade, land and gold deals, American Black – Narcotics trade, land and gold deals, American Black market thrived.market thrived.
Bombing Bombing forced people to move – South Vietnamese forced people to move – South Vietnamese society was torn apart.society was torn apart. Refugees, disease, prostitution became common.Refugees, disease, prostitution became common. Americanisation of citiesAmericanisation of cities – luxuries of America (clothes, cola) – luxuries of America (clothes, cola)
DeadlockDeadlock By the end of By the end of 1967 1967 troops from Sth Korea, Thailand, Australia and NZ were troops from Sth Korea, Thailand, Australia and NZ were
supporting the US in Vietnamsupporting the US in Vietnam Nearly Nearly half a million American troopshalf a million American troops in Vietnam in Vietnam Bombing in the Nth had killed many but the Nth Vietnamese continued to resist.Bombing in the Nth had killed many but the Nth Vietnamese continued to resist. Guerilla tactics took a toll on US forces.Guerilla tactics took a toll on US forces. American tactics were loosing support throughout the Sth.American tactics were loosing support throughout the Sth.
Chapter 11:Chapter 11: Total War, AmericanWar Total War, AmericanWar FQ: FQ: How and why did the Americans escalate the war?How and why did the Americans escalate the war?
ActivitiesActivities1.1. Resource questionsResource questions A, C, D A, C, D2.2. Review ActivitiesReview Activities: C, F, G, H: C, F, G, H3.3. In pairs, research and prepare radio or television reports on: (choose 1)In pairs, research and prepare radio or television reports on: (choose 1)
Johnson’s Tonkin Golf decisionJohnson’s Tonkin Golf decision America at warAmerica at war At war with the Viet CongAt war with the Viet Cong A view of the war from Hanoi A view of the war from Hanoi
