First Aid:The Basics

First Aid KitItem Quantity Use

Adhesive Bandages 6 at 1” x 3” Minor wounds

Accident report forms and pencils

2 Document-ation

Sterile gauze pads 4 at 4” x 4” Wound dressings

Non adherent sterile dressings

2 at 4”x 4” Abrasions/burns

Bulky, absorbent dressing

4 sanitary napkins

Severe bleeding

Cloth-based adhesive tape

1” wide roll Multiple uses

Self-adherent gauze bandage

2 rolls, 3” x 5 yards

Holding dressings on

Butterfly bandages or wound closure

strips5 various sizes

Minor lacerations

Transparent dressings

2 sheetsCover small

wounds

Antibiotic cream 1 tube Wounds, burns

Triangular bandage 2 at 36”x36”x52” Sling, cravat

Safety pins 3 Bandage, sling

Elastic bandage 1 at 3” wide Sprains

Moleskin/molefoam 4 at 4” x 6” Blisters

Iodine Swabs 2 packages Antiseptic

Alcohol pads 3 packages Cleansers

Item Quantity Use

Acetaminophen Optional Headache, pain

Diphenhydramine Optional Allergic reactions

Aspirin Optional Headache, pain

Ibuprofen Optional Relieve pain

Sugar packets 4 packets diabetes

Barrier gloves made of nitrile or latex or

other materials2 pair

Barrier against infection

Plastic bag 1 at 12” x 18”Hold

contaminated materials

CPR breathing barrier

1 Rescue breathing

Splinter tweezers 1Embedded

object, tick, or stinger removal

Digital thermometerEstimate body

temp

DO NOT use aspirin with anyone under 25 years of age

7 Steps for First Aid Response

1. Take _________ of the situation1. Identify required activities

2. Assign individuals to specific tasks

2. Approach the patient _________1. Avoid further injury to the patient

2. Avoid injury to the rescuers

3. Perform emergency rescue and _____ first aid1. Triage

2. Only treat most serious

charge

safely

urgent

7 Steps Cont’d.

4. ________ the patient1. Reduce physical and emotional demands on the

patient

4. Check for other _________1. Identify ALL injuries2. Classify as major/minor

4. _______ what to do1. Organize2. Lesser of two evils

4. _________ the plan

Plan

injuries

Protect

Carry out

Order of Priority

– C______________• Is it safe to go to the

patient?– Accidents– Lightening– Natural Disaster– Natural Obstacles

– C______________• Always ask permission

– “Hi my name is ______, and I know first aid, can I help you?

• Quick assessment• ABC’s• Consciousness• Bleeding

The 4 C’sheck the scene

heck the patient

Order of Priority

– C______• Directly order if

possible– Make sure they

come back• Be prepared to report

pt’s condition– ABC’s – Injuries– Location

– C____________• Triage

– Patients– Injuries

• Begin to administer first aid

The 4 C’s

all 911

are for patient

Check ABC’s

• ABC’s– ____________

• Is it obstructed?

– ____________• Is the patient breathing?

• Describe the respirations. Are they deep? Rapid? Shallow?

– ____________• Does the patient have a pulse?• Is the pulse weak? Strong? Bounding? Thready?

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

Check Vital Signs

• ________________ (RR)– 12-20 breaths per minute in adults

• ____________ (HR)– 60-100 beats per minute

• ____________

• ____________________ (LOC)

• _____________

• ______ (The 6th vital sign!)

Respiration Rate

Heart Rate

Skin Tone

Level of Consciousness

Pupil Reactions

Pain

Head to Toe AssessmentHighestLowest

triage

head

Compare

pain

toes

Compare

pain

• _________ priority to __________ priority– ABC’s minor injuries

• Remember to ______ injuries!

• Adults– Start at _____– Feel body parts– _________ body parts– Talk them through it– Watch face for ____

• Children– Start at ____– Feel body parts– _________ body parts– Talk them through it– Watch face for ____

Tips for Physical Exam

• Do no further _____

• Be thorough

• ________ body parts

• ____________ does the exam

• ________ your findings

• ______ to your patient

• _________ what you are doing

harm

Compare

One personRecord

Talk

Explain

SAMPLE History

• S____ and S__________

• A_______

• Medications

• Pertinent __________

• Last ______ and ______

• E_______ leading up to injury

igns ymptoms

llergies

past history

intake output

vents

Look for DOTS

• D_________/D________

• O____ Injuries

• T_________

• S______

epressions eformities

pen

enderness

welling

Basic Info

• Patient _____

• Patient ____

• Description of ________

name

ageaccident

Urgent Medical Conditions

Does the patient require emergency rescue?

• Survey the scene for _____________ hazards– If there are ________, perform immediate

evacuation of patient– If there are NO hazards, check for

________________

environmental

hazards

responsiveness

Is the patient responsive?

• Check for responsiveness– Ask “____________?”

• If the patient is responsive and help is _______ DO NOT help until consent is given

• If the patient is responsive and consent is _____– Check for severe bleeding

• If the patient is NOT responsive– Check for _________

May I help you

refused

given

breathing

Is the patient breathing?

• Check for breathing– Open the airway; _____, _____, ____

• If patient IS breathing– Check for severe ________

• If patient IS breathing but is having great difficulty– Check for __________ wounds to the chest– Cover the wound immediately– Check for _______ bleeding

look listen feel

bleeding

puncture

severe

Breathing cont’d.

• If patient is NOT breathing– Give ____ breaths

• If the breaths go in– Check for ______

• If the breaths do NOT go in– Check for _________ airway; clear if necessary

• Once airway is cleared– If breathing resumes, check for severe bleeding– If breathing DOES NOT resume, check for pulse

two

pulse

obstructed

Does the patient have a pulse?• Check for pulse

– If patient is NOT _________ but HAS a pulse• Call for assistance

• Begin _______________

• Visually scan for bleeding

– If patient is NOT breathing and DOES NOT have a pulse

• Call for assistance

• Being CPR with rescue breathing– ___ compressions / __ breaths

rescue breathing

breathing

30 2

Check for severe bleeding

• Check for severe bleeding– Visual hands on check

– If patient does NOT have severe bleeding• Begin checking for other injuries

– If patient DOES have severe bleeding• Stop the bleeding

• Begin checking for other injuries

What is Shock?

• Shock is a _______ of the cardiovascular system– The cardiovascular system consists of 3 components

• The _____• The _______• The _____

• Shock can be ________ with any major injury and some minor ones

• Everyone reacts ________

collapse

heart

arteriesveins

expected

differently

Types of Shock

Type of Shock What happens?

___________ Shock Heart weakens, stops pumping, or pumps irregularly

___________ Shock Loss of blood internally or externally

_________ Shock Dilation of arteries caused by damage to the brain or spine

___________ Shock Severe allergic reaction

Cardiogenic

Hemorrhagic

Neurogenic

Anaphylactic

Signs & Symptoms of Shock

• Early Signs (Objective)– R_________s

– Skin is pale, ashen ____, or yellowish brown– Pulse is ______, over 100 beats / minute

• Early Symptoms (Subjective)– T________– N_____– A_____

estlessnesgray

rapid

hirstinessausea

nxiety

Signs & Symptoms of Shock

• Later Signs (Objective)– Skin is _____ and _____– __________ may be shallow or rapid– Pulse may be weak or ________– Eyes may become dull, pupils dilated– U_____________

• Later Symptoms (Subjective)– L_______– A______

cool damp

Respirations

nconciousness

irregular

ethargypathy

Treating Shock

1. ___ to them, keep them awake

2. Keep the patient’s _____ open and clear

3. Treat them _____ and ________ movement to prevent pain

4. Maintain their body _________

Talk

airway

gently minimize

temperature

Treating Shock Cont’d.

5. ________ the patient to aid in the _________ of blood to the core and to aid ________

6. Avoid _____ or ______ handling

7. Frequently take and record _________

8. ________ the patient as soon as possible

Shock is a _________________ condition…

Positioncirculationbreathing

rough position

Vital signsEvacuate

LIFE THREATENING

Lesser Injuries

Remember to ________!TRIAGE

Scrapes/Abrasions

• Also called ________/_______• Usually occur when someone

falls on a __________ and then _____, causing layers of skin to ______

•Treatment•Wash gently with _____ and water•Apply _________ ointment•Cover with ________________•Change dressing every day; clean out each time•If the abrasion is not deep it is recommended to let ____ reach it. Remember: _________ grows in ______, dark, _______ environments!

road rash rug burn

hard surfaceslides

rub off

soapantibiotic

sterile dressing

airbacteria

warm moist

Lacerations• Caused when the skin is _______

by something sharp (i.e. knife)• Treatment

– Wear _______– If bleeding, apply _____________

to cut– Once bleeding stops, wash with

warm water and soap• If the bleeding will not stop, the

cut may require _________ and the victim should be taken to the hospital

– ____ the cut dry with sterile dressing and apply antibiotic ointment

– If the laceration is small enough, you can apply a band-aid

– If it is larger, cover with ___________ and tape

sliced

gloves

direct pressure

stitches

Pat

sterile gauze

Nosebleeds

• Sit ______ and lean ______– Sitting forward will help avoid swallowing blood,

which can irritate the stomach.• _____ your nose

– This maneuver sends pressure to the bleeding point on the nasal septum and often stops the flow of blood.

• To ______ re-bleeding after bleeding has stopped– Don't pick or blow nose and don't bend down until

several hours after the bleeding episode. Keep the head higher than the level of the heart.

upright forward

Pinch

prevent

1st Degree Burns• _______, _____ burn• Treatment

– If skin is _____ broken• Run cool water over burned

area• DO NOT use ice water

– Burns can be very _______• Reassure victim• Keep them calm• Treat for shock

– ______/_____ the burn for a few minutes• After that, cover the burn with a

sterile non-adhesive bandage or clean cloth.

– Protect the burn from ______ and _______

– OTC __________ may be used to help relieve pain and reduce ____________ and swelling.

– Minor burns _______________ without further treatment.

Sunburn minor

NOT

painful

Flush soak

frictionpressure

pain meds

inflammationwill usually heal

2nd & 3rd Degree Burns• Treatment

– DO NOT pull ________ off of burnt skin

– DO put out __________ clothing

– Check ABC’s– Cover the burn with a cool

moist ______ bandage or clean cloth.

– DO NOT use a _______ or ______; a _______ is best for large burns.

– DO NOT apply any ________ and avoid breaking ________.

– ________ burnt fingers or toes with moist, sterile, non-adhesive dressings

– _______ & _______ the burnt area

– Treat for ______– _____________

clothing

smoldering

sterile

blankettowel sheet

ointmentblisters

Separate

Protect elevate

shockTreat for shock!

2nd & 3rd degree burns cont’d.• ____ apply:

– ointment– Butter– Ice– Medications– fluffy cotton dressing– adhesive bandages– Cream– Household remedies– Oil spray

DO:• ____ breathe or cough on

the burn• ____ disturb/pop blisters

or dead skin.• ____ apply cold

compresses • ____ immerse a severe

burn in cold water. • ____ place a pillow under

the victim's head if there is an airway burn and they are lying down.

NOT

NOT

NOT

NOT

NOT

NOT

Sprains• A ______ is a ________

or _______ of ligaments – The tough bands of ______

______ that connect one _____ to another in your joints.

– The most _______ location for a sprain is in your ____.

• Treatment– RICE

• R• I• C• E

sprain stretchingtearing

fibroustissue

bone

commonankle

estce

ompression

levation

Strains

• A ______ is a stretching or tearing of _______ or _______ – a fibrous cord of tissue that

connects muscles to bones– Strains often occur in the

_________ and in the ______________ in the back of your thigh.

• Treatment– RICE

• Rest• Ice• Compression• Elevation

strainmuscles

tendon

lower backHamstring muscle

Fractures• Can be ______ or

_________– Compound breaks the

____

• Only a ______ can tell a fracture from a sprain (unless its compound)

• If possible, you should _________ the extremity (splint)

simplecompound

skin

doctor

immobilize

• Splint “______________” the injury• Tie the splints above and below the

injury; but not directly over it• Check ____ and ____________

before and after splinting• If help is more than a half an hour

away, recheck the area below the splint every ________

above and below

pulse capillary refills

half hour

Splinting

Spider Bites• Venom can react

_________ with everyone• There is no “_____

_________” for a spider bite

• Keep the victim ____• Get to an E.R. _______• If possible, try to _______

_____• Treat for Shock

___________ Spider

_____________ Spider

Black Widow

Brown Recluse

differentlyhome

treatment

calmA.S.A.P

I.D. thespider

Bee Stings

• If stinger is ______, gently ______ it out with a _______

• ______ the affected area with _____ and warm water

• Apply ___ in a ________

• _____ ice ______ placing it on the skin

• Give patient ______ or ______ to help relieve the pain.

visiblescrapeflat edge

Washsoap

icecompress

Wrap before

MotrinTylenol

Multiple Bee Stings

• Soak the entire affected area in cool water

• If necessary, place the victim in a tub of cool water. – Add one tablespoon of baking soda for every

quart of water.– Supply Tylenol or Motrin for pain relief

• Victim may need to go to E.R.

• Treat for shock

Allergic Reaction

• ___________ Shock– ____ Pens

• Working length of time depends

– Can they be shared?• Child Adult _____• Adult Child ________

• Up to the _______ with the Epi-pen

– Get to ________ A.S.A.P

AnaphylacticEpi

Okay

NOT okay

person

hospital

Snake BitesDo OR Do Not?• ___ remain calm • ___ apply ice • ___ remove venom • ___ take medication to

relieve pain • ___ Raise the limb – It

will distribute venom more evenly around the body and prevent major damage to the limb that was bitten

• ___ seek medical attention immediately

Northern Copperhead

Eastern Massasauga

Timber

Rattlesnake

DONOTNOTNOT

DO

DO

Tick Bites• Grab close to the ______

• DO NOT grab the tick at the _____

• Pull straight out• DO NOT “_______”

– May separate head from body

• DO NOT _______ with:– Petroleum jelly– Nail polish– Gasoline– Or rubbing alcohol

• DO NOT ____ the tick• DO ____ the tick• DO wash the area• DO watch for ________

mouth

belly

unscrew

smother

burnsave

bulls-eye

Poison Plants• Apply ____________

to the infected area.• Wash up with soap

and warm water.• You can apply an ___

___ ointment like _________ lotion

• Immediately wash any ______/_____ that came in contact with the plant

• DO NOT ____

rubbing alcohol

anti-itchCalamine

clothes items

itch

Hyperthermia

• Occurs when the body rises above a ___ _________

• Three main types– D_________– H___ E_______– H___ S_____– H___________

ehydrationeat xhaustioneat troke

yponatremia

temperaturesafe

Dehydration• When the body puts out __________ than it is taking in

• Ways we lose fluids:– S_______– U______– V______

• Signs of dehydration– T____– Yellow urine– D_______– Lightheadedness– Nausea and vomiting– D______– Cease Sweating

• Treatment– Drink fluids that replace

electrolytes• W____ • G________

– Avoid physical activity– Get inside air

conditioned/cool area

more liquid

weating

rinationomiting

hirst

ry mouth

ry skin

ateratorade

Heat Exhaustion

• More ______ than dehydration

• Can present like a _____ ______

• Symptoms:– Disorientation– S_____– Cool, ______ skin– Nausea and/or vomiting– F_____– Weakness– M_____ cramps

– D________– High body temperature– Lack of ________

• Treatment– Cool the victim as much as

possible using ____ water– Fan victim, get victim inside

a cool place– Remove ____________– Call 911

–IMPORTANT! DO NOT overcool. If you overcool a hyperthermic person, you risk throwing them into shock or

making them hypothermic

severe

heartattack

eizure

clammy

atigue

uscle

izziness

sweating

tepid

heavy clothing

Heat Stroke

• Most severe• Requires __________

________ immediately

• Symptoms– Same as Heat

Exhaustion

– May slip into a _____

• Treatment– Same as Heat

Exhaustion– Call 911

IMMEDIATELY

emergencytreatment

coma

Hypothermia• When the body’s

temperature drops below __________

• Signs & Symptoms– Depends on Severity

• Treatment– _______ from cold

environment– Call 911– _____ blankets– _____ compresses to

chest, neck, groin, underarms

• Warm and Dead

Temperature Symptoms

89.6-95*Shivering,

__________, lethargy

82.4-89.6*_______ stops,

increased confusion

<82.4* _____

68* _____

95 degrees

Remove

Warm

Warm

confusion

Shivering

Coma

Death

Knocked out Teeth

• Take tooth and place it in ____

• If milk is not available, place it in _____ with a ______________

• See dentist asap

milk

waterpinch of table salt

Impaled Object• DO NOT _________• I__________• Get to hospital asap• If object is in an ____,

cover ______ eyes.

REMOVE

mmobolize

eyeBOTH

Diabetic Emergency

• If possible, check ______ _____

• If low, give sugar– P______– F_______

• If high, give ______• If symptoms persist, go to

hospital

• If you do not know if it is _________, give _____ and get to hospital.

bloodsugar

ixie stix

ruit juice

insulin

high or low sugar

Sudden Loss of Consciousness

• Should ________ be treated as a ___ - _________ illness

• 9-1-1 immediately• Take ________ right

away; check ABC’s• Report vitals to EMS

to better prepare them

ALWAYSlife

threatening

vital signs