First Age of Empires
description
Transcript of First Age of Empires
![Page 1: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FIRST AGE OF EMPIRES
1570 BC-200 BC
![Page 2: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WHAT GROUP INVADED EGYPT? Asiatic invaders, called Hyksos Followed the Middle Kingdom and ruled
from about 1640 to 1570 BC. During this time, the Hebrews also
settled in Egypt Many believed they were invited by the
Hyksos, because they were ethnically similar Eventually, the Pharaoh’s regained their
power and expelled the Hyksos from Egypt Hebrews remained, but were enslaved
![Page 3: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WHEN WAS THE NEW KINGDOM? Followed the reign
of the Hyksos 1570-1075 BC Pharaohs sought
to strengthen Egypt by building an empire
Wealthier and more powerful than ever before
![Page 4: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WHO WERE THE POWERFUL PHARAOH’S OF THE NEW KINGDOM?
Hatshepsut Declared herself pharaoh, because her stepson was
too young at the time Encouraged trade, rather than waging war
Thutmose III Hatshepsut’s stepson (may have murdered her to
assume leadership) Much more warlike ruler Made Egypt a mighty empire
Ramses II Made peace treaty with Hittites that lasted a century Great builder of the New Kingdom
![Page 5: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WHY DID THE EMPIRE DECLINE? Other strong
civilizations challenged Egypt’s power
Attacked by land and sea
Never recovered its previous power
Broke into numerous small Kingdoms
![Page 6: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
HOW DID THE KUSHITES CONQUER EGYPT? Had prior contact with Egypt during the
New Kingdom Had adopted many Egyptian customs
and beliefs As the New Kingdom declined, the
Kushites felt they could guard Egyptian values
Their rule was short-lived, as Egypt soon fell to the Assyrians, warlike people from Southwest Asia
![Page 7: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WHO WERE THE ASSYRIANS? Came from the
northern part of Mesopotamia
Easy for others to attack because land was flat and open
Developed warlike behavior in response to those actions
![Page 8: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
HOW DID ASSYRIA GAIN A POWERFUL EMPIRE? Highly advanced military organization
Very disciplinedShowed no mercy to those they conquered
State-of-the-art weaponryUsed ironSoldiers covered themselves in stiff leather
and metal armor Engineers designed floating structures
used to support bridges during warfare Dug beneath city walls to weaken
defenses
![Page 9: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
HOW DID THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE EXPAND? Conquered many
lands Their system of
management involved local governors reporting to a central authority
Additional military campaigns brought taxes and tribute to the treasury
![Page 10: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
HOW DID THE EMPIRE CRUMBLE? 612 BC Combined army of
Medes and Chaldeans burned and leveled the capital of Nineveh
Babylon then became the capital, under Chaldean rule Nebuchadnezzar
restored the city
![Page 11: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
WHERE WAS THE PERSIAN HOMELAND? Migrated from Central Europe and
southern Russia to the mountains and plateaus east of the Fertile Crescent
Fertile farmland and a wealth of mineralsCopper, lead, gold, silverTraded minerals and came into contact with
neighbors to east and west At first there were many kingdoms, but
two powers emergedThe Medes and the PersiansSoon, the Persians dominated the Medes
![Page 12: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PERSIAN RULED After Cyrus died, his son Cambyses was
named ruler Conquered Egypt and expanded the rule of
the Persian Empire He was not as tolerant as his father and
rebellion broke out across the Empire Cambyses’s successor, Darius, seized the
throne and spent three years trying to end revolts
Eventually brought peace and stability to empire and began conquest
Was very successful in expanding empire.
![Page 13: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
WHAT WERE PROVINCES AND SATRAPS? Conceived by Darius Provinces
20 in the Persian empireSimilar to the homelands of different groups
of people who lived under empireSpoke own language, practiced own
religion, followed many of own laws Satraps
Governor of provinces
![Page 14: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
WHO WAS CYRUS THE GREAT? King of Persia Conquered several
neighboring kingdoms
Military genius Very kind and
tolerant towards conquered people Believed in honoring
customs and traditions of people that he conquered
![Page 15: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
WHAT PROMOTED TRADE IN THE EMPIRE?
Excellent systems of roadsAllowed quick
communication Metal coins
Standard valueCirculated
throughout empire
![Page 16: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CONFUCIUS AND THE SOCIAL ORDER Confucius was
China’s most influential scholar
Lived when Zhou dynasty was in decline
Wanted to restore order and moral living in China
![Page 17: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
FIVE BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Confucius believed
that government could be restored if five basic relationships were formed Ruler and subject Father and son Husband and wife Older and younger
brother Friend and friend
![Page 18: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
FILIAL PIETYRespect for parents and ancestors,
in life and after death
![Page 19: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
WHAT WERE THE CONFUCIAN IDEAS ABOUT GOVERNMENT? Thought that
education could transform individuals
Laid the groundwork for the foundation of a bureaucracy, a trained civil service, who would run the government
![Page 20: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
WHAT WERE THE OTHER CHINESE ETHICAL SYSTEMS? Daoism
Chinese thinker named Laozi
Natural order was important
Universal force called Dao guided all things
Legalism Highly efficient and
powerful government key to restoring order
Us law and civil order Believed in very harsh
punishment for those that violated the law
I Ching Book of oracles who
solved ethical problems Yin and Yang
Represented natural rythms in life
Yin: Cold, dark, soft, mysterious
Yang: Warm, bright, hard, clear
Symbol represents harmony of Yin and Yang
![Page 21: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
HOW DID THE QIN DYNASTY UNIFY CHINA? Employed legalist ideas Qin ruler assumed the name Shi
Huangdi, which means “First Emperor” Halted internal battles, defeated
invaders, crushed resistance to his rule Doubled China’s size Established an autocracy by murdering
Confucian scholars and burning “useless” books
![Page 22: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
WHAT CHANGES DID SHI HUANGDI BRING TO CHINA? Highway network Standards in writing, law, currency and
weight Irrigation projects that increased farm
production Built Great Wall of China (defensive wall)
Constructed by peasantsHad to work for free, or were put to death
![Page 23: First Age of Empires](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816320550346895dd39a3b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
WHAT HAPPENED TO
THE QIN DYNASTY?
Lasted a short timeShi Huangdi’s son was not a
powerful leaderPeasants soon rebelled and the
Han Dynasty came to power.