FIRESTOPPING & SMOKE SEAL FOR CURTAIN WALL · Traditional Firestop Method for Curtain Walls •...
Transcript of FIRESTOPPING & SMOKE SEAL FOR CURTAIN WALL · Traditional Firestop Method for Curtain Walls •...
FIRESTOPPING & SMOKE SEAL FOR CURTAIN WALL
Sam Keung
Regional Manager (BU Fire Protection), Hilti Corporation
February, 2018
Sydney
POOR FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES RESULTED IN FIRE ON THE 21ST FLOOR TO SPREAD ALL OVER
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018 2
Location: Edificio Windsor, Madrid
Time and Date: 11:00 PM, February 12, 2005
Construction Type: Reinforced concrete core with waffle slabs
supported by internal RC columns and steel beams, with perimeter
steel columns that were unprotected above the 17th Floor level at the
time of the fire.
SEALING CURTAIN WALL JOINT WITH PROPER FIRESTOP TECHNIQUES DELAYS THE TIME TAKEN BY FIRE TO SPREAD
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018 3
1. Propagation of a fire from a room via the window to
the outside and through or along the façade itself to
the storey(s) above.
2. Propagation of a (fully developed) fire from a room
via a window to the outside and back in through a
window above.
3. Propagation of a fire from a room to the room above
via the gap between the floor slab and the façade
(curtain wall).
CURTAIN WALL JOINT: VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018 4
Vertical Joint
Fire rated wall
Horizontal Joint
Floor slab
STEEL PLATE FOR SEALING HAS MANY DRAWBACKS
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018
• Difficult to inspect
• No movement capability
• Many installation steps can go wrong
• Sheet metal needs to be mechanically fixed
• More Expensive
• Slow and labor intensive
Steel plate for sealing Curtain Wall joints
is neither the cheapest nor the best
solution available!
TRADITIONAL METHOD FOR SEALING CURTAIN WALL JOINTS LEAVES SEVERAL GAPS FOR FIRE AND SMOKE TO SPREAD
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018 6
Insulation Gaps Non-Fire Rated Sealant Un-Insulated Mullions
7
ELEMENTS OF A PROPER PERIMETER JOINT SYSTEM
Flexible Firestop
(Movement capable)
Mineral Wool (Compressed)
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018
TESTED SYSTEM FOR CURTAIN WALL STRETCH AS THE CURTAIN WALL EXPANDS THUS MAINTAIN INTEGRITY
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018 8
Traditional Firestop Method for Curtain Walls
• Outward buldging rips materials that do not stretch
• Most codes do not address the anchor connection – it is important
to maintain system integrity
• Lighter facades heat up faster
Tested Firestop Method for Curtain Walls
• In a fire situation, the curtain wall will expand
• A flexible, expandable firestop system expands with the curtain
wall thus preventing formation of gaps
• The sealing material (mastic spray) must also expand
Fire Stop
Firestop DropsFirestop Stretches
Sealant Stretches
Fire Stop
EVEN IN NON-FIRE CONDITIONS, THERE ARE MOVEMENTS IN CURTAIN WALLS THAT CAN ALLOW SMOKE TO PASS
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018 9
Type of MovementSource of
MovementAmount of Movement Figure
1 Horizontal Shear
between façade and
floor
a) Wind Drift
b) Seismic
c) Thermal
3.175 mm (1/8in) max
2 Vertical movement
between brackets at
floor level
Dead + Live Load 9.5 mm (3/8in) max deflection
for 9m/30ft slab
3 In-and-out
movement between
brackets at floor
level
Wind pressure
and rolling
vortexes
± L/175
Where L is distance between brackets
1. Horizontal Shear between façade and floor
2. Vertical Movement between brackets at floor level
3. In-and-out movement between brackets at floor level
IN EVENT OF FIRE, HEAT CAUSES THE CURTAIN WALL TO BULGE
OUT CREATING SPACE FOR SMOKE AND FIRE TO SPREAD
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018 10
CW Panel
Slab
CW Bracket
L1
Plug Values Triangulation Gap Growth ∆
L1 1500 S1 750 50 95%
T1 23 S2 752 100 48%
L2 1503.0065 S3 48 125 38%
T2 400 150 32%
α Aluminum 0.000023 200 24%
Anchor Movement 10
S3 + Gap
L2
S1
S2
S3
11
MOVEMENT : IS 25% MOVEMENT REALLY WORK FOR SEALANT?
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018
A FEW EXAMPLES OF RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS FOR CURTAIN WALL PERIMETER JOINT SEALING
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | November, 2017 12
13
JOINT SPRAY SYSTEM OFFER QUICK AND EASY INSTALLATION
VS STEEL PLATE COVER
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018
ASTM E2307 TEST: RATING FOR NON-FIRE RATED CURTAIN WALL PERIMETER SYSTEM
Cross-section view
backface
View from front face
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | November, 2017 14
ASTM E 2307 in 1990s
EN 1364-3 CURTAIN WALLING – FULL CONFIGURATION
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | November, 2017 15
Horizontal Joint
Vertical Joint
MOVEMENT TEST IS PART OF THE QUALIFACTION IN US AND EUROPEAN APPROVAL
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | November, 2017 16
SUMMARY
17
US EU CN HK AU
1. Material Non-Combustible
2. Leaf forging Evaluated in
ASTM 2307
Spandrel Required (no Sprinkler Trade off) Spandrel
Required
(Sprinkler
Trade off
permitted)
3. Perimeter
Joint system
ASTM 2307
+
“UL Listing”
EN1364
(Perimeter
Seal)
+
“CE
marking”
GB23864
Spray or
Sealant
+
“CCC
marking”
EN1364
(Perimeter
Seal)
+
Smoke test
EN1634
No test
required
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018
FIRE TEST FOR VERTICAL JOINT – BS EN 1364-3
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018 19
Before Test 1:55 hr After 2 hr test
APPLICATION ON PROJECT
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 20178 20
Vertical joint
Horizontal joint
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018
• Curtain Wall perimeter joint is critical
• System Test (eg: ASTM 2307 / EN 1364) is
the industry standard method which offer
movement flexibility
• Challenge in Asia Pacific Region to implement
“System” solution
• The current code requirement in AU is behind
the industry standard. Owner / Architects need
to specify additional measure on Curtain Wall
Fire stopping.
Firestopping for Façade | Sam Keung | Feb, 2018 22
THANK YOU