Fire Rescue in Train

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Fire Rescue System In Railways using LabVIEW

Bharani j.c1, Gowtham m

2, Narmada k

3, Ram prasath j

4.

Dr.N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India.

[email protected], [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

4.

Abstract - In the fast moving world, nobody is ready

to look what’s happening around them. Even when an

accident occurs nobody cares about it. So we have

implemented a solution for this problem by developing

an enhanced fire rescue system for reducing the

number of victims in case of train fire accidents. Thissystem has been developed and implemented using thesmart sensors and microcontroller technology. It will

automatically identify the fire accident and inform it to

the loco pilot through wireless signal transmission. As

an initial step, fire will be suppressed and intimation

about the accident will be sent through Short Message

Service (SMS) to the crossed and fore coming stations

This SMS consists of the status of fire accident

accurately by transmitting the physical parameters

such as compartment number, intensity of fire. This

also display the particular area code based upon that

GSM Mobile network. The complete details about thelocation where the train is stopped, train details could

be intimated from control room. As a whole this

system ensures that it will reduce the human death

ratio due to accidents. The whole supply is provided y

means of solar.

1. Introduction

Railways are one of the best modes of

transport in the world as they are much feasible

and more comfortable to the passengers. Around20 million people in India travel by train per

year. The development of railways in our

country took place rapidly; still there arenumberless unsolved problems in the path of

steady growth like train fire accidents, train

collisions etc. The human death rate is increased

due to these problems.

Table 1. Major fire accidents in train.

Date and year No. of

people diedPlace of accident

23 February1985

50Rajnandgaontrain in MP

13 June 1985 38Agra rail in

AGRA

16 April 1990 70 Patna

6 June 1990 35 Andhra Pradesh

10 October

199040

Chereapalli in

AP

14 May 1995 52 Salem in TN

6 February

200259

Godhra in

Gujarat

15 May 2003 36 Ludhiana

18 August2006

20 Secundrabad

31 July 2008 34 Secundrabad

2 August 2008 42 Warangal

13 February2009 22 Orissa

18 April 2011 900 Madhya Pradesh

22 November

201112 Howrah



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30 July 2012 34 Tamilnadu

16 October

201215 Hyderabad

When comparing year by year the fireaccidental deaths increased up to 7.7%. The

railway needs to take safety and security of the

passengers more seriously that it does now. Fire

safety is every ones responsibility. Allemployees should know how to prevent and

respond to fire. A Railway upgrade project has to

be developed to increase the number of trains in

the city by reducing the fire accidents in trainsand providing safety to the passengers. Our

project provides solution to fire accidents and

ensures safety, reduces the death rate and losses

to the government and the public.

The main aim of our project is to providesolution to fire accidents in train and usage of

renewable energy sources i.e. solar. Thereby we

can reduce the human death rate and ensure the

safe journey of passengers. Solar power is used

for the power supply in trains .This system helps

in sensing the fire at the initial stage itself;

thereby we can reduce the major fire accidents as

well as the human death. So this will be a

practical solution for real life challenges.

2. Literature Review

1. International Journal of Computer Trends

and Technology (IJCTT) - volume4 Issue5–

May 2013 ISSN: 2231-2803

Http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page 1005

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

AUTOMATIC FIRE RESCUING AND

INFORMATION SYSTEM IN A TRAINUSING ZIGBEE AND SENSORS

NETWORKS.

This paper deals about implementing a

Zigbee and sensor based information and

rescuing system in a train to alert the authoritiesabout the fire accident occurred. They are used

for both signaling and communication purpose.In this paper a discussion of proposed safety

system for railway, using 16f877amicrocontroller of PIC as hardware platform, and

combine with Zigbee and wireless sensor

network as a communication platform of

wireless area network.

2. Journal of Marine Science and Technology,

Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 78-852803

Http://www.ieeee.org (2004)

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION MODEL

FOR RAIL RAPID TRANSIT ACCIDENTS.

The planning of accident prevention and

emergency measures, therefore, are stillimportant issues of the rail rapid transit

operations. The model presented in this study

analyses the process of hazard identification in

two stages, which clearly indicate the factors ofthe inherent and direct hazard and the

weaknesses in the response system.

3. Methodology

In this project, when a fire occurs due

to any reason, the fire can be detected by the firesensor which is placed in each compartment. The

fire detectors are placed in all the compartmentsin train to sense the fire. Totally 9 sensors will be

used for a compartment. The fire sensors are

addressable and the signal from the sensor can be

acquired to the LabVIEW. The loco pilot can

view the status of each compartment through the

monitor.

The fire status can be identified by thefollowing table.

Table 2. Fire level and its action to be taken.

No of

sensors

detecting

fire

Level of

the fire

Action to be taken

1 Small Alarm is given inside the

compartment.

3 Medium Alarm, Passive fire

extinguisher and automatic

water spray system.



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More than

3

Huge Alarm, automatic water

spray, Separation of

compartment, message to

the crossed & forthcoming

stations.

If the fire is in initial stage, the

sensor senses the fire and gives an alarm. Hence

the passenger, TTE, loco pilot can be alerted.

When the level of fire is medium by using the solenoid valve the water is sprayed

automatically through! And passive fire

extinguisher kept in all compartments.

When the fire is huge more than

three sensors detect and it gives an alarm and thewater spray system will be activated .Thus the

loco pilot gives signal to separate the

compartment by electromechanicalarrangements. The electromechanical

compartment separation comprises of a motor

with gear arrangements to loosen the

interconnection system. the power that arerequired for this operation is provided by solar

which is fixed at the top of the compartment.

The separation can be done by geararrangements with control of the loco pilot. The

loco pilot passes signal and switch ON the motorand relay. The motor rotates the gear and loosens

the screw coupling. The supply to the relay

magnetizes and demagnetizes which hits the

hook so that it releases the hold by which the

compartment can be separated. Message will be

sent to the crossed and forthcoming stations. The

message consists of the present status of the fire,

the actions taken and the number of

compartments to be separated and locationdetails.

4. Component Description

4.1 PIC Microcontroller.

PIC is a family of Harvard architecture

microcontrollers made by Microchip

Technology, derived from the PIC1640

originally developed by General Instrument's

Microelectronics Division. The name PIC

initially referred to "Peripheral Interface

Controller".

PICs are popular with developers and

hobbyists alike due to their low cost, wide

availability, large user base, extensive collection

of application notes, availability of low cost or

free development tools, and serial programming

(and re-programming with flash memory)

capability.

4.1.1 PIC16F873A.

Features.

The highest execution speed 80 MIPS

(90+ Dhrystone MIPS @80MHz)

The largest FLASH memory: 512kbyte

One instruction per clock cycle

execution

The first cached processor Allows execution from RAM

Full Speed Host/Dual Role and OTG

USB capabilities

Full JTAG and 2 wire programming and

debugging

Real-time trace

Device Variants and Hardware Features

Figure 1. Pin Diagram of

PIC16F873A.

Description.

The PIC16F873A and

PIC16F874A have one-half of thetotal on-chip memory of the

PIC16F876A.



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The 28 pin devices have three I/O

ports, while the 40/44 pin devices

have five.

The 28 pin devices have fourteen

interrupts, while the 40/44 pin

devices have fifteen.

The 28 pin devices have five A/Dinput channels, while the 40/44 pin

devices have eight channels.

The Parallel Slave Port is

implemented only on the 40/44 pin

devices.

The Master Synchronous Serial

Port (MSSP) module is a serial

interface, useful for

communicating with other

peripheral or microcontrollerdevices. These peripheral devices

may be serial EEPROMs, shift

registers, display drivers, A/D

converters, etc.

The MSSP module can operate in

one of two modes:

• Serial Peripheral

Interface (SPI).

• Inter-Integrated Circuit(I2C).

-

Full Mastermode.

-

Slave mode

(with general

address call).

The I2C interface supports the

following modes in hardware:•

Master mode.

• Multi-Master mode.

• Slave mode.

4.1.2 LM 35.

The LM35 series are precision

integrated circuit temperature sensors, whoseoutput voltage is linearly proportional to the

Celsius (centigrade) temperature. The output of

sensor converted to digital that is easy

connecting with micro controller.

Features.

Calibrated directly in degree Celsius

(Centigrade).

Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor.

0.5°C accuracy guarantee able (at

+25°C).

Rated for full −55° to +150°C range.

Suitable for remote applications.

Low cost due to wafer level trimming.

Operates from 4 to 30 volts.

Less than 60 μA current drain. Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air.

Nonlinearity only ±1 ⁄4°C typical.

Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA

load.

Figure 2. Pin Diagram of LM35.

Description.

The LM35 series are precision

integrated-circuit temperature sensors,

whose output voltage is linearly

proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade)

temperature.

The LM35 thus has an advantage overlinear temperature sensors calibrated in°Kelvin, as the user is not required to

subtract a large constant voltage from

its output to obtain convenient

Centigrade scaling.

The LM35 does not require any external

calibration or trimming to provide typical



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accuracies of ±1 ⁄4°C at room temperature

and ±3 ⁄4°C over a full −55 to

+150°Ctemperature range.

Low cost is assured by trimming and

calibration at the wafer level.

The LM35’s low output impedance,

linear output, and precise inherentcalibration make interfacing to readout

or control circuitry especially easy.

It can be used with single power

supplies, or with plus and minus

supplies. As it draws only 60 μA from

its supply, it has very low self heating,

less than 0.1°C in still air.

The LM35 is rated to operate over a

−55° to +150°C temperature range,

while the LM35C is rated for a −40° to+110°C range (−10°with improved

accuracy).

The LM35 series is available packaged

in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages.

4.1.3 MAX 232.

The MAX232 is an IC that converts

signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals

suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logiccircuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver

and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS andRTS signals.

The drivers provide RS-232 voltage leveloutputs (approx. ± 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V

supply via on-chip charge pumps and externalcapacitors. This makes it useful for

implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise

do not need any voltages outside the 0 V to

+ 5 V range, as power supply design does not

need to be made more complicated just for

driving the RS-232 in this case.

The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs(which may be as high as ± 25 V), to standard

5 V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical

threshold of 1.3 V, and a typical hysteresis of

0.5 V.

Features

Operates From a Single 5 V Power

Supply

With 1.0 F Charge-Pump Capacitors

Operates up To 120 Kbit/s

Two drivers and Two Receivers

±30 V Input Levels

Low Supply Current 8 mA Typical

2000-V Human-Body Model (A114-A)

Upgrade With Improved ESD (15kV

HBM) and 0.1F Charge Pump

Capacitors is Available With the

MAX202

Figure 3. Pin Configuration of MAX 232.

Description.

The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver

that includes a capacitive voltage

generator to supply TIA/EIA232 Fvoltage levels from a single 5V supply.

Each receiver converts TIA/EIA 232 Finputs to 5V TTL/CMOS levels.

These accept ±30V inputs.

Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input

levels into TIA/EIA 232F levels.

It typically converts the RX, TX, CTS

and RTS signals.

4.1.4

ZIGBEE

ZigBee is a specification for a suite ofhigh level communication protocols used to

create personal area networks built from small,

low-power digital radios. ZigBee is based on

an IEEE 802.15 standard. Though low-powered,

ZigBee devices often transmit data over longer

distances by passing data through intermediatedevices to reach more distant ones, creating a meshnetwork; i.e., a network with no centralized control

or high-power transmitter/receiver able to reach allof the networked devices. The decentralized nature

of such wireless ad hoc networks makes them

suitable for applications where a central node can't

be relied upon.



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ZigBee is used in applications that require a low

data rate, long battery life, and secure

networking. ZigBee has a defined rate of 250

kbit/s, best suited for periodic or intermittentdata or a single signal transmission from a sensor

or input device. Applications include wirelesslight switches, electrical meters with in-home-displays, traffic management systems, and other

consumer and industrial equipment that requires

short-range wireless transfer of data at relatively

low rates. The technology defined by the ZigBee

specification is intended to be simpler and less

expensive than other WPANs, such

as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.

Features

Zigbee wireless communication

Flow code macros available

Compatible with global RF standards On board Zigbee module

Status led

Full 2007 Zigbee pro/ ZNETcompliance

128-bit AES encryption

Figure 4. ZIGBEE.Description

Zigbee is a software protocol that sits

on top of the 802.11 RF wireless

devices standard similar to Bluetooth.

Unlike Bluetooth Zigbee is capable of

forming large network of nodes and

boast advance features such as mesh

networking, simple addressing

structure, route detection, route pair,

and guarantee deliver lower operationmodes.

Zigbee provides a transparent layer forsending and receiving data from the

network.

Therefore once the module has been

configured and assigned to correct

address then sending and receiving data

is as simple as sending and receivingRS232 bytes through the chips UART.

EB051C coordinator Zigbee node, used

to start, configure the network andallow other nodes to join

EB051R router /end device node usedto start and communicate to networks

started by an EB051C.

4.1.5

GSM

A GSM network is made up of

multiple components and interfaces that facilitate

sending and receiving of signaling and traffic

messages. It is a collection of transceivers,

controllers, switches, routers, and registers. A

Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) is a

network that is owned and operated by one GSM

service provider or administration, which

includes all of the components and equipment asdescribed below.

Mobile Station (MS)

The Mobile Station (MS) is made up oftwo components:

Mobile Equipment (ME)- This refers to

the physical phone itself.

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) - TheSIM is a small smart card that is

inserted into the phone and carries

information specific to the subscriber.

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS) - The

BTS is the Mobile Station's access point

to the network.



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It is responsible for carrying out radio

communications between the network

and the MS.

It handles speech encoding, encryption,

multiplexing (TDMA), and

modulation/demodulation of the radiosignals.

The interface between the MS and the

BTS is known as the Um Interface or

the Air Interface.

Base Station Controller (BSC)

Base Station Controller (BSC) - The

BSC controls multiple BTSs.

It handles allocation of radio channels,

frequency administration, power and

signal measurements from the MS.

The interface between the BTS and theBSC is known as the Abis Interface.

The Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

and the Base Station Controller (BSC)

together make up the Base Station

System (BSS).

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

The MSC is the heart of the GSM

network. It handles call routing, call

setup, and basic switching functions.

The interface between the BSC and the

MSC is known as the A interface.

The interface between two Mobile

Switching Centers (MSC) is calledthe E Interface.

Home Location Register (HLR)

The HLR is a large database that permanently stores data aboutsubscribers.

Visitor Location Register (VLR)

The VLR is a database that contains a

subset of the information located on the

HLR. It contains similar information as

the HLR, but only for subscribers

currently in its location area.

The interface between the MSC and the

VLR is known as the B Interface and

the interface between the VLR and theHLR is known as the D Interface. The

interface between two VLRs is called

the G Interface.

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

The EIR is a database that keeps tracks

of handsets on the network using theIMEI. There is only one EIR per

network.

It is composed of three lists: white list,

the gray list, and the black list.

The black list is a list if IMEIs that areto be denied service by the network for

some reason.

The gray list is a list of IMEIs that are

to be monitored for suspicious activity.The white list is an unpopulated list.

That means if an IMEI is not on the black list or on the gray list, then it is

considered good and is "on the white

list".

The interface between the MSC and the

EIR is called the F Interface.

Authentication Center (Auc)

The Auc handles the authentication and

encryption tasks for the network.

The Auc stores the Ki for each IMSI on

the network.

It also generates crypto variables suchas the RAND, SRES, and Kc although it

is not required, the Auc is normally

physically collocated with the



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Figure 5. Full GSM Network



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5. System Modeling and

Simulation of the Proposed

System

5.1

Introduction to LabVIEW

The software that we used here is NI

LabVIEW. LabVIEW is a system-design

platform and development environment for

a visual programming language from National

Instruments.

NI LabVIEW is a graphical programming language designed for engineers

and scientists to develop test, control, and

measurement applications. The intuitive nature

of LabVIEW graphical programming makes iteasy for educators and researchers to incorporate

the software in a range of courses and

applications. With LabVIEW, educators andresearchers can use a graphical system design

approach to design, prototype, and deploy

embedded systems. It combines the power of

graphical programming with hardware to

dramatically simplify and accelerate the

development of designs.

LabVIEW is commonly used for data

acquisition, instrument control, and industrial

automation on a variety of platforms

including Microsoft Windows, various versions

of UNIX, Linux, and Mac OS X. The latest

version of LabVIEW is LabVIEW 2013, releasedin August 2013.

Graphical system design is a modern

approach to designing, prototyping, and

deploying embedded systems. It combines opengraphical programming with hardware to

dramatically simplify development.

5.2. Software Benefits

LabVIEW gives us the flexibility of a

powerful programming language without thecomplexity of traditional development

environments. LabVIEW delivers extensive

acquisition, analysis, and presentation

capabilities in a single environment. Several

LabVIEW characteristics contribute to a

significant gain in productivity when comparedto other development software.

Easy to Learn and Use

Intuitive graphical programming for

faster development

Optimized for engineers and scientists

Data visualization for control design

Complete Functionality

Thousands of built-in analysis functions

More than 200 signal processing and

math functions

Full programming language

Diversity of application

Figure 6. Diversity of Application.

5.3 Front panel and block diagram

In LabVIEW, we can build a user

interface by using a set of tools and objects. Theuser interface is known as the front panel. We

can then add code using graphical

representations of functions to control the front

panel objects. The block diagram contains this

code. In some ways, the block diagram

resembles a flowchart.

We can interact with the front panelwhen the program is running. We can control the

program, change inputs, and see data updated in

real time. Controls are used for inputs such as

adjusting a slide control to set an alarm value,

turning a switch on or off, or stopping a

program. Indicators are used as outputs.



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Thermometers, lights, and other indicators

display output values from the program. These

may include data, program states, and other

information. Every front panel control orindicator has a corresponding terminal on the

block diagram. When we run a VI, values fromcontrols flow through the block diagram, wherethey are used in the functions on the diagram,

and the results are passed into other functions or

indicators through wires

Figure 7. FRONT PANEL.

Figure 8. BLOCK DIAGRAM.

6. Connection Between the

Compartments

6.1 Existing System

Figure9. Existing System.

The above figure shows the

interconnection between the compartments at

present. If the compartments have to be

disconnected it is done manually, which is timeconsuming.

6.2

Proposed System

Figure 10. Proposed System.

The above figure shows our proposed system

block. It consists of gear and mechanicalarrangement by which the compartments can be

separated automatically in case of fire accident.



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7. Block Diagram

Figure 11. Transmitter Block.

Figure 12. Receiver Block.

COMPUTER ZIGBEELabVIEW

PIC

16F873A

ALARM

WATER SPRAYING

COMPARTMENT

SEPERATION

SENSOR 2

POWER SUPPLY (SOLAR)

ZIGBEE

SENSOR 1

SENSOR 3

LCD DISPLAY

GSM



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8. Software Implementation

Figure 13.Front Panel.

Figure 14. Block Diagram.



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9. Advantages of Proposed System

1. The main advantage is to save human life.

2. The spreading of fire can be prevented.3. Train collision can be avoided.

4. Separation of train compartments is fully

automated.5. Message alerts to the crossed and forthcoming

stations make it as a secured system.

6. By means of solar energy the power required

for our system is provided.

10. Conclusion

This working system is based on

microcontrollers. This system will be very much

useful for reducing the accident by detecting fire

at initial stage itself, alerting the passengers,

passing the message to the loco pilot, immediateactions to avoid spreading of fire. Hence the

system is much secured.

Fire is a good servant and it’s a bad slave,

so we should handle carefully and safely. Fire ona running train is more catastrophic, than a

stationary one. Since fanning by wind helps

spread the fire to other coaches. More over

passenger sometime jump out of a running train

on fire resulting is increased casualties thus by

implementing the above concept we provide a

complete solution for fire accident and to thosewho travel in train and it would be a revolution

in railways.

REFERENCES

[1]A.K.Theraja, B.L.Theraja, ’A textbook onelectrical technology’, volume 2, edition 2011,

chapter 29, DC Motors, page(s) 995-1030.

[2]Jeffery Jravis, Jim Kring, ‘LabVIEW for

everyone’, edition-2009.

[3]http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/listofrailaccidents(1985-2010)

[4]http://www.settlementboard.com/majorcauses

oftrainfireaccidents

[5]http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic

/trainaccidents

[6]http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/ele/staff/feisul/ee

25m/resources/ee25m2lec2.pdf

[7] http://www.ti.com/product/lm35

[8]http://www.engineersgarage.com/electroniccompnents/max232datasheet

[9]http://www.cirronet.com/pdf/wpzigbeeengineeringoptions.pdf

[10] http://www.ni.com/labview

[11]http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/generalinterest/labview.html

[12]http://www.web.ee.sun.ac.za~gshmaritz/gsm

fordummies/arch.shtml

[13] http://www.ijcttjournal.org

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