Fire on the Plains The Populist Movement. Focus Question What is the best way to correct wrongs in...
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Fire on the PlainsThe Populist Movement
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Focus QuestionWhat is the best way to correct
wrongs in society?
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Homestead Act of 1862Claim 160 acres of public land
◦Agree to work the land for 5 years◦Build a house 12 by 14◦Gained land for
a $10 title fee◦Could buy land early
for $1.25 an acre
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EligibilityAdult male heads of household
eligibleMust be a citizen or plan to
become oneOriginally could not have served
in Confederate Army (amended)
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Difficult LifeFaced hardships
◦ Far from neighbors◦ Arid conditions◦ Faced numerous pests◦ Lacked many comforts
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ResultHelped populate the westMore than 1.6 million applications
processedMore than 270 million acres
grantedMore than 60% failed
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Roots of the People’s Party
The Closing of the Frontier1890 Census found that there
was no longer an “unbroken line of settlement”
Idea spread that “free land”was going away
Forced a re-thinking of the future of the U.S.
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Growth of Industrial AgricultureAgriculture flowed to the
industrial worldUnhealthy situation for marginal
farmerEconomic hardship of the 1880s
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Abuses of the RailroadsRailroad monopolies threatened
farmers◦Sought escape from business
policies◦Captured by the rail.
Prompted other reform groups◦The Grange◦The Farmers Alliance
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Reforms ProposedGrangers Laws in the Midwest
◦Regulation of the railroads◦Removed rebates◦Required publication of rate changes◦Declared constitutional in Munn v.
Illinois 1877◦State regulations restricted in
Wabash v. Illinois 1886Became part of the Interstate
Commerce Act of 1886
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Formation of the People’s PartyFarmers established a new political party
in 1890◦Promoted the needs and views of the “People”◦Farmers and Labor
Called for an adjustment of the system◦Regulation and national ownership of
railroads◦National ownership of banks◦The Income Tax◦Direct Election of Senators◦Currency based on silver