Title

Fire Hazards

Department of Mechanical Engineering UET Peshawar Pakistan

Arif Hussain 12- PWMEC- 3414 Waleed Ahmed

Abdul Basit

Saqib Department of Mechanical Engineering UET Peshawar

Introduction of group

Between 2006-2010 …..US Report says(42,800 causalities in industries and manufacturing process)The incident of Baldia town factory in Karachi on 7th Feb. 2015 causes Deaths 258 Injuries more than 100300 to 400 were inside and there were bars on windows and exit doors were locked.

Early Background

Chemical reaction of three elements

With the absence of any of these the fire cannot be produced.

What is fire????

OxygenFire

Fuel

Heat

Some major causes of fires are explained as Due to the personal negligence and improper

actions (trainings, less knowledge, careless behaviors) 85% fire hazards US Report

Leakage of flammable gases Chemicals leakage Failure of components (boilers, Heat Exchangers) Electrical Shocks (Fuses failures, Short Circuit ) Over heating (24/7 uses of Machines, Motors) Maintenance Negligence (Improper insulations,

Gauges faults etc.)

Causes of Fire??

Fire releases two major components Heat Smoke Heat causes burning of items and property and smoke causes suffocations and disable the visibility. According to Report the smoke is more responsible for causalities than the heat.

Effects of Fire

This Graph showing causalities due to smoke and fire in terms of percentage

Smoke:- The smoke spreads quickly and cover larger area

thus it causes suffocations, lungs tissues reactions, damage the property.

It reduces visibility thus make it difficult for someone to find way. (stuck to objects, falls, recue problems, don’t know what to do causes)

Heat:- Results excess rise in temperature thus causing

(burning, instant death, severe body injuries)

Smoke Vs. Heat

Two good methods to reduce the casualties

Achieved Using smoke Simulation:Redirect Smoke and keep it away from occupied area.(using ventilations, blowers, emergency exits) e.g.

Time for the smoke to fill= 10 minutesTime for evacuation should be < 10 minutes

Achieved using evacuation Simulation:Escaped routes are sized to provide enough time for all occupants to escape. e.g. based on following data

Male speed= 1.55m/sFemale= 1.35m/sAged = 1.1 m/sChild= 1.2 m/s

Safety Engineers

Availability of the emergency personal Availability of emergency equipment's (fire

extinguishers, phones, ) Proper trainings on regular biases Emergency exit doors and ventilation systems Signs and instructions uses on ways

Practices to reduce the damages

Though it is not completely possible to avoid

from fire hazards. But the followings steps can be good to avoid fire

Always be careful and follow proper steps for any action

Dispose the waste properly Proper maintenance and report of failures on

time Follow the standard rules of OSHA and other

safety policies.

Practices to avoid fire

Any Questions?????

courtesy to: Erfan Shahid (Gilgit Baltistan)Email: erfann11@yahoo.com