FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
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Transcript of FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
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Fire Triangle
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Elements of Fire
• HeatHeat
• OxygenOxygen
• FuelFuel
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Fire Triangle
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Three methods for control fire:
Removing heat.
Cutting off the fuel supply.
Cutting off the air supply.
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Class A fires involve solid materials of an organic nature such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber and plastics that do not melt.
Class B fires involves liquids. They include petrol, diesel, thinners, oils, paints, wax, cooking fat and plastics that melt.
Class C fires involve electricity.
Class D fires involve flammable metals such as magnesium, aluminium, titanium, sodium and potassium.
Types of Fire:
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Causes of fireThe following are the chief causes of fire in a building: Smoking Electrical Wiring Heating and Cooking Equipment Children Playing with Matches Open Flames and Sparks Flammable Liquids Chimneys Lighting
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An ignition source can be:
§A Spark
§Static electricity §Arcs from electrical equipment, faulty or otherwise
§A lit cigarette
§A hot light bulb
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HOW TO CONTROL FIRE
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Fire Extinguishers
Return to the first page.
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Four main types: Water-type
Foam
Carbon dioxide
BCF and BTM
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1. Water-type The spray of water cools
the fire.
For fires caused by solid combustibles (e.g. wood, paper)
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Disadvantage: Not suitable for fires involving
flammable liquid or electricity.
Water can conduct electricity and may cause electrical shocks.
The flammable liquid may float on water and spread the fire further.
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2. Foam The foam cuts off the air
supply and provides some cooling.
For fires caused by liquid combustibles.
Not suitable for fires involving electricity.
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Disadvantage:
Not suitable for fires involving electricity.
Foam can conduct electricity and may cause electrical shock.
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3. Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide cuts off
the air supply of the fire.
For most types of fires.
Suitable for fires caused by electricity and liquid combustibles.
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Advantage:
Suitable for fires caused by electricity and liquid combustibles.
Carbon dioxide has a higher density. It surrounds the fire and cut off the air supply.
Carbon dioxide does not conduct electricity. It covers the flammable liquid and cut off the air supply.
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4. BTM and BCF BTM = Bromotrifluromethane
BCF = Bromochlorodifluromethane
Caution!!! BTM and BCF are TOXIC!!!
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4. BTM and BCF The fire extinguisher contains
a liquid which is pressurized with carbon dioxide.
For most types of fires.
Suitable for fires caused by electricity and liquid combustibles.
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Improper Storage in front of Electrical Panel
Improper Mechanical Room Storage
Maintain at least a 3ft clearance from heating surfaces, air ducts, heaters, and lighting fixtures. Storage of combustible materials in mechanical rooms is prohibited.
All storage must be at least 3 ft from electrical panels. In some emergency situations it will be necessary to access these panels quickly.
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What’s A Fire Door?
Fire doors are designed to withstand fire, heat and smoke for a period of 20-minutes to 3 hours.Corridor laboratory doors should have a 60 minute rating.Fire Doors are required to:
Be Self Closing: fire doors should have a door closure that pulls doors completely shut after the door has been openedHave Positive latching: a positive latch locks a door in place so can open swing open freely.
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Automatic Sprinkler Systems
Water -- Sprays a mist when activated by the heat of a fire
Halon -- Sprays a halogenated chemical onto the fire. Halons decompose to toxic gases when heated. Use must be carefully planned.