FINISH CH. PREVIEW

PORTFOLIOS

BOARD ASSIGNMENT

Describe the last time you or one of you family members spent time in a medical facility. What type of facility was used? What was your experience?

Health Care Systems

Facts about Health Care in the US

Health Care is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the US

The Health Care industry employs over 10 million workers in over 20 careers

Health Care is a 2 billion dollar per day business

Hospitals

•Vary in size and type of services

•Classified by types of services provided

•Operate outpatient clinics for patients who are not admitted

General Hospitals

•Treat a wide range of conditions

Types

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Specialty Hospitals

•Care for special conditions or age groups

•Examples• Texas Children’s• MD Anderson• Texas Women’s• OrthopedicT

ypes

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Hosp

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Government Hospitals

•Operated by federal, state and local government agencies

Types

of

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University Hospitals

•Provide hospital services along with research and education

• Often offer free care in order to provide learning for medical studentsT

ypes

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DO YOU THINK THERE IS A NEED FOR SO MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF HOSPITALS?Why or why not?

BOARD ASSIGNMENT

From memory list and describe the different types of hospitals discussed yesterday.

Long-term care facilities (LTCs or LTCFs)

•Provide assistance and care for elderly patients, individuals with disabilities, handicaps, chronic or long term illness

•Examples: assisted living and nursing homes

Medical Offices

•Can be privately owned by one doctor, a group of doctors or corporation, and be general or specific

•Provide:• Diagnosis• Treatment• Examinations• Basic lab tests• Minor surgeries

Dental Offices

•Can be privately owned by one dentist, a group of dentists or corporation, and be general or specific

• Provide dental services

Clinics

•Group of doctors or dentist who share a facility or provide special care

•Examples:• Kelsey Seybold• Rediclinic

Optical Centers

•Can be individual ophthalmologist or optometrist, or part of a chain

Emergency Care Services

•Provide special care for victims of accidents or sudden illness

Laboratories

•Usually part of another facility but can operate as a separate health care service

•Perform diagnostic tests

Home Health Care

•Designed to provide care in a patient’s home

QUICK WRITEWhen you get older and need continuous care…would you rather be cared for at home or in a long term care facility? Explain your answer.

Hospice

•Provide care for terminally ill persons with life expectancies of 6 months or less – directed toward allowing the person to die with dignity and in comfort

Mental Health

•Treat patients with mental disorders and diseases

• Provide:• Guidance• Counseling• Chemical

abuse treatment

Genetic Counseling Centers

•Work with couples or individuals who are pregnant or considering a pregnancy

Rehabilitation Facilities

•Provide care to help patients with physical or mental disabilities care for themselves

• Provide therapies:• Physical• Occupational• Other

Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)

•Provide total health care directed toward preventive health care

Industrial Health Care Centers (occupational health clinics)

•Found in large companies or industries

School Health Services

•Found in schools and colleges

Government Agencies

World Health Organization (WHO)

•International agency sponsored by the United Nations

US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)

•National agency that deals with the health problems in the US

•Health Departments:• Inspect for environmental

health• Provide clinics• Collect statistics

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:

•Located in Atlanta, GA•Concerned with causes, spread & control of diseases (not research)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration:

•Establishes & enforces standards to protect workers from job-related injuries

Voluntary or Nonprofit Agencies

• Supported by donations, membership fees, fundraisers, and grants

• Services are NOT provided by volunteers only

Health Insurance Plans

• Without insurance, the cost of an illness can mean financial disaster for an individual of family

• Does not pay total cost

• Varies:• Payment amount• Types of services covered

Health Care Insurance Terms

Deductible

Co-insurance

Co-payment

amount paid by the patient for medical services before the policy begins to pay; money is essentially deducted from the bill

specific percentages of expenses shared by the patient and insurance company (80% - 20%)

specific amount of money a patient pays for a particular service ($20 office visit)

Types of Health Insurance Plans

2 main providers of managed care:

•Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)• Restricted to using specific hospitals

and/or doctors

•Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) • More flexibility in choosing

hospital/doctor, but more expensive than HMO

• Medicare – federal program for people over 65

• Medicaid – state program for medical assistance

•Low income families•Physically disabled•Blind

Other providers:

• State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)

• Worker’s Compensation – health insurance plan providing treatment for workers injured on the job

• TRICARE – for military and their families

Other providers:

WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE RISING COST OF HEALTH CARE?

Trends in Health Care

Cost Containment – trying to control the rising cost of health care and achieving the maximum benefit for every dollar spent

Reasons for high health care costs:

• Technological Advances• Aging Population• Increase in Health Related Lawsuits

Methods of Cost Containment

• Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs)• Government plan where patients

who are admitted to the hospital with a certain diagnosis are classified in one payment class

• Combination of Services

• Outpatient Services

• Mass or Bulk Purchasing

• Early Intervention and Preventative Services

• Energy Conservation

Home Health Care

•Shorter hospital stays and Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) have created need for providing care in the home•Services:

• Homemaking• Personal and

nursing care• Physical therapy

Geriatric Care

•Care for the rapidly growing elderly population (people are living longer)

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)

1987 – led to development of many regulations regarding long term care and home health care

Requires:

c) compliance with patients rights guidelines to ensure rights are observed and enforced

a) training and competency evaluation programs for nursing and geriatric assistants

b) continuing education, periodic evaluation of performance and retesting if out more than 2 years

Telemedicine

Uses video, audio and computer systems to provide medical and/or health care services

Wellness

• State of being in optimum health

• Recognize the importance of exercise, good nutrition, weight control and healthy living habits (lifestyle choices)

Alternative and Complementary Methods

of Health Care

Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM)

• Established at the National Institute of Health in 1992 because of the increased use of alternative and complementary therapies

• Researches various therapies and determines standards of quality care

• Does not create laws

Alternative Therapy•Methods of treatment that are used in place of biomedical therapies

Complimentary Therapy•May be given along with traditional medicine; not a replacement

Holistic Health Care•Promotes physical, emotional & social well-being

Therapeutic Touch•Belief that illness is an imbalance in one’s energy field•Place hands on/near patient to manipulate energy field

Chiropractors•Emphasize diagnosis, treatment & prevention of mechanical disorders of musculoskeletal system, especially the spine

Acupressure•Fingers press into specific points along meridians in body to stimulate & balance the flow of energy

Acupuncture•Needles inserted to relieve pain, treat infertility & disease, and to promote general health

National Health Care Plan

Goal is to ensure that all Americans can get health coverage

Other points to remember…

•If a patient is under 18, parental consent must be given for either physical or mental treatment

•Health care workers must understand functions/goals of organization; may consult organizational chart for chain of command

Other points to remember…

•Patients have the right to choose the type of health care they wish to receive (workers must respect this)

•All facilities require different health care workers at all levels of training