Financial Statements Income Statements Revenues Revenues Expenses (expired costs) Expenses (expired...
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Transcript of Financial Statements Income Statements Revenues Revenues Expenses (expired costs) Expenses (expired...
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Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Income StatementsIncome Statements RevenuesRevenues Expenses (expired costs)Expenses (expired costs) Timing of recordingTiming of recording
at time of saleat time of saleat time of useat time of usefixed and variablefixed and variable
Non Cash ItemsNon Cash Items
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Financial Statements Financial Statements
Prepare an Income StatementPrepare an Income Statement RevenuesRevenues
Sales Sales CostsCosts
OperatingOperatingNon Cash (Depreciation)Non Cash (Depreciation)Interest (Finance Charge)Interest (Finance Charge)TaxesTaxes
Net IncomeNet IncomeThe bottom line…but we want cash flow!The bottom line…but we want cash flow!
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Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
The Balance SheetThe Balance Sheet AssetsAssets LiabilitiesLiabilities Owner’s EquityOwner’s Equity Assets Assets ≡≡ Liabilities + Owner’s Equity Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
This is an identityThis is an identityIt always holds and is a check on the It always holds and is a check on the fundamental nature of who owns the fundamental nature of who owns the business (assets)business (assets)
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Financial StatementsFinancial StatementsPortions of the Balance SheetPortions of the Balance SheetNet Working CapitalNet Working Capital Current AssetsCurrent Assets Current LiabilitiesCurrent Liabilities LiquidityLiquidity NWC = Current Assets - Current LiabilitiesNWC = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Debt versus EquityDebt versus Equity fixed claimsfixed claims residual claimsresidual claims
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Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Market Value versus Book ValueMarket Value versus Book Value
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Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Build from Current Assets and ClaimsBuild from Current Assets and Claims Current Assets (In order of conversion to cash)Current Assets (In order of conversion to cash) Long-term Assets Long-term Assets Current Liabilities (In order of anticipated Current Liabilities (In order of anticipated
payment of claim)payment of claim) Long-term LiabilitiesLong-term Liabilities Owner’s EquityOwner’s Equity Identity CheckIdentity Check
Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s EquityAssets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
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Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Cash FlowCash Flow the difference between accounting cash flow the difference between accounting cash flow
and financial cash flowand financial cash flow segments of cash flowsegments of cash flow
operationsoperationscapital spendingcapital spendingworking capitalworking capitalshareholders/bondholdersshareholders/bondholders
Importance of taxes and depreciationImportance of taxes and depreciation
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Cash Flow From OperationsCash Flow From Operations
Textbook usesTextbook usesNet Profit + Net Profit +
DepreciationDepreciationThis is a special case This is a special case when you have no when you have no interest expenseinterest expenseThis later is wrong if This later is wrong if you want to do Cash you want to do Cash Flow StatementsFlow Statements
Correct ApproachCorrect ApproachEBIT + Depreciation – EBIT + Depreciation –
Taxes = Cash Flow Taxes = Cash Flow from Operationsfrom OperationsThen to get Cash Then to get Cash Flow Statement Flow Statement Correct you put Correct you put Interest Expense with Interest Expense with Cash Flow From Cash Flow From Financing ActivitiesFinancing Activities
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Statement of Cash FlowsStatement of Cash FlowsCash Flow Statement in three partsCash Flow Statement in three parts
Cash Flow from Operating Activities:Cash Flow from Operating Activities:Cash Flow from Operations Cash Flow from Operations
(EBIT + Depreciation – Taxes)(EBIT + Depreciation – Taxes)Changes in Net Working CapitalChanges in Net Working Capital
Cash Flow from Investing Activities:Cash Flow from Investing Activities:Net Change in Gross Fixed Assets (Purchases and Sales)Net Change in Gross Fixed Assets (Purchases and Sales)
Cash Flow from Financing ActivitiesCash Flow from Financing Activities::Net Change in Debt (Sales and Retirements)Net Change in Debt (Sales and Retirements)Net Change in Common Stock (Sales and Purchases)Net Change in Common Stock (Sales and Purchases)Net Change in Preferred Stock (Sales and Purchases)Net Change in Preferred Stock (Sales and Purchases)Dividends PaidDividends PaidInterest ExpenseInterest Expense
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Depreciation and Salvage CFDepreciation and Salvage CF
Depreciation using MACRSDepreciation using MACRS Life of AssetLife of Asset Depreciation Schedule (page 89)Depreciation Schedule (page 89) Assumption: No Salvage ValueAssumption: No Salvage Value
Disposal of Asset – Cash FlowDisposal of Asset – Cash Flow Full Depreciated AssetFull Depreciated Asset Partially Depreciated AssetPartially Depreciated Asset Short-cut…book value or basis for gain/lossShort-cut…book value or basis for gain/loss
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Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
TaxesTaxes Corporate TaxesCorporate Taxes Personal TaxesPersonal Taxes User TaxesUser Taxes Sales TaxesSales Taxes Property TaxesProperty Taxes
Average Tax versus Marginal TaxAverage Tax versus Marginal Tax tax total divided by taxable incometax total divided by taxable income tax on the next dollar of earningstax on the next dollar of earnings