Financial Statement Analysis: Methods Overview Financial Statement Analysis: Methods Overview.
Financial Statement Analysis F F M
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Transcript of Financial Statement Analysis F F M
FINANCE FOR MANAGERS
COURSE LECTURER
Shumaila Paracha
Assistant Professor
Course Code: 0387
MBA Program
Academic Year
Fall 2010
Financial Statement Analysis
• A thorough financial statement analysis include:
• Ratio Analysis• Trend Analysis– Common Size Analysis– Percent Change Analysis
• Du Pont Analysis
TREND ANALYSIS
• Trend analysis is about plotting ratio over time.
• Trends give clues as to whether a firms financial condition is likely to improve or to deteriorate.
TREND ANALYSIS
• This graph shows that MicroDrive’s ROE has been declining since 1998, even though the industry average has been relatively stable.
• All the other ratios can be analyzed similarly.
ROE(%)
Rate of Return on Equity 1997-2001
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Industry
MicroDrive
Common Size Analysis
• Common Size analysis is used to identify trends in financial statements.
• Common size is also useful in comparative analysis.• In common size analysis all income statement items
are divided by sales ( common size income statement shows each item as % of sales) and all balance sheet items are divided by total assets (common size balance shows each item as a % of total assets).
Common Size Analysis
• The advantage of common size analysis is :– It facilitates comparisons of balance sheets and income statements over time and across companies.
Percent Change Analysis
• Percent Change analysis is also used to identify trends in financial statements.
• In this type of analysis, growth rates are calculated for all income statement items and balance sheet accounts.
Du Pont Analysis
• The profit margin times the total asset turnover is called Du Pont equation and it gives rate of return on assets.
• ROA= Profit margin X Total asset turnover = (Net income/Sales) X (Sales/Total assets)If the company is financed only with common equity, the ROA and ROE would be same because total assets equal total equity.
Du Pont Analysis
• However if a company use debt than ROE must be greater than ROA. Specifically the ROA can be multiplied by the equity multiplier.
• Equity Multiplier (EM) = total assets / equity• Firms that use large amounts of debt financing
(more leverage) will have a high EM-the more the debt the less the equity, hence the higher the EM.
Du Pont Analysis
• ROE depends on its ROA and its use of leverage
• ROE = ROA x EM• ROE = (net income/total assets) x (total
assets/equity)• So the extended Du Pont Equation is:• ROE = (Profit Margin)(Total Assets t/o)(EM)
Comparative ratios and Benchmarking
• Ratio analysis involves comparisons – a company’s ratios are compared with those of other firms in the same industry, that is to industry average figures.
• However some firms go a step further – they also compare their ratios with those of a smaller set of leading companies in that industry. This technique is called Benchmarking.
• The bench marking setup makes it easier for company’s to see exactly where the company stands relative to its competition.
Follow up Task!
• Read chapter – 3 “Analysis of financial Statements” from Book : Fundamentals of Financial Management (Brigham)Ed-10 or Ch-4 in Ed 11.
• Read lecture slides.• Hear audio recording of lecture.• Solve the relevant questions at the end of chapter.
– You can access lecture slides and audio recording from file server.
– Written quiz from lec-1 till end of this lecture in the following class