Financial Management 101 from Fractal Labs
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Finance. Made Simple.
Lunch and Learn – Financial Management 101 - March 31, 2016Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
![Page 2: Financial Management 101 from Fractal Labs](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070515/587938991a28ab23468b4a7b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AGENDA.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
1. Fractal Labs – the automated CFO
2. How revenue and costs become cash flows
3. Why operating working capital matters
4. How we can help
£
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Intelligent automated financial assistant
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
PLATFORMS
Braintree, Shopify, + + +
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BALANCE SHEETINCOME STATEMENT
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
HOW REVENUE AND COSTS BECOME CASH FLOW.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
CASH 10REVENUE 100COST (90)
PROFIT 10 RETAINED EARNINGS 10
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 1SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 1
CASH AVAILABLE / (REQUIRED) DAY 1 to 30
PROFIT 10
CASH 10
1
For simplicity, we’re now only looking at operations, assuming no additional investments or financing.
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BALANCE SHEETINCOME STATEMENT
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
HOW REVENUE AND COSTS BECOME CASH FLOW.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
CASH 10REVENUE 100COST (90)
PROFIT 10 RETAINED EARNINGS 10
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 1SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 1
CASH AVAILABLE / (REQUIRED) DAY 1 to 30
PROFIT 10
CASH 10
1
If customers pay instantly and you pay suppliers instantly, revenue and costs translate directly into cash
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BALANCE SHEETINCOME STATEMENT
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
HOW REVENUE AND COSTS BECOME CASH FLOW.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
CASH 10REVENUE 100COST (90)
PROFIT 10 RETAINED EARNINGS 10
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 1SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 1
CASH AVAILABLE / (REQUIRED) DAY 1 to 30
PROFIT 10
CASH 10
1
If customers pay instantly and you pay suppliers instantly, revenue and costs translate directly into cash
100-90 = 10 and the BS balances.
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HOW REVENUE AND COSTS BECOME CASH FLOW.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
ACC. RECEIVABLE 100
ACC. PAYABLE 90
CHANGE ACC. REC. (100)CHANGE ACC. PAY. 90
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 30
CASH 0REVENUE 100COST (90)
PROFIT 10 RETAINED EARNINGS 10
PROFIT 10
CASH 0CASH AVAILABLE / (REQUIRED) DAY 1 to 29
2
However, if you pay suppliers in 30 days and your customers pay you in 30 days, things look different
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HOW REVENUE AND COSTS BECOME CASH FLOW.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
ACC. RECEIVABLE 100
ACC. PAYABLE 90
CHANGE ACC. REC. (100)CHANGE ACC. PAY. 90
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 30
CASH 0REVENUE 100COST (90)
PROFIT 10 RETAINED EARNINGS 10
PROFIT 10
CASH 0CASH AVAILABLE / (REQUIRED) DAY 1 to 29
2
AR increases and AP increases.
Changes need to be accounted for in the CF since the actual cash received won’t be the same as the profit anymore.
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HOW REVENUE AND COSTS BECOME CASH FLOW.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
ACC. RECEIVABLE 100
ACC. PAYABLE 90
CHANGE ACC. REC. (100)CHANGE ACC. PAY. 90
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 30
CASH 0REVENUE 100COST (90)
PROFIT 10 RETAINED EARNINGS 10
PROFIT 10
CASH 0CASH AVAILABLE / (REQUIRED) DAY 1 to 29
2
Your profit is tied up in the business, or, your operating working capital requirement during this period is 10.
On day 30 you will get paid and suppliers need to get paid
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HOW REVENUE AND COSTS BECOME CASH FLOW.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
ACC. RECEIVABLE 100
ACC. PAYABLE 90
CHANGE ACC. REC. (100)CHANGE ACC. PAY. 90
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 30
CASH 0REVENUE 100COST (90)
PROFIT 10 RETAINED EARNINGS 10
PROFIT 10
CASH 0CASH AVAILABLE / (REQUIRED) DAY 1 to 29
2
AR will decrease by 100 as customers pay and AP will decrease by 90 when you pay suppliers.
Net cash flow for the full month (30 days) will be 10.
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Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 1
INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
ACC. RECEIVABLE 100
ACC. PAYABLE 0
CHANGE ACC. REC. (100)CHANGE ACC. PAY. 0
CASH (90)REVENUE 100COST (90)
PROFIT 10 RETAINED EARNINGS 10
PROFIT 10
CASH (90)CASH AVAILABLE / (REQUIRED) DAY 1 to 29
3
HOW REVENUE AND COSTS BECOME CASH FLOW.
Imagine if you would need to pay your suppliers up front instead
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Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 1
INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
ACC. RECEIVABLE 100
ACC. PAYABLE 0
CHANGE ACC. REC. (100)CHANGE ACC. PAY. 0
CASH (90)REVENUE 100COST (90)
PROFIT 10 RETAINED EARNINGS 10
PROFIT 10
CASH (90)CASH AVAILABLE / (REQUIRED) DAY 1 to 29
3
HOW REVENUE AND COSTS BECOME CASH FLOW.
On day 1 you would need to have enough cash to be able to pay suppliers 90
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Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 1
INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
ACC. RECEIVABLE 100
ACC. PAYABLE 0
CHANGE ACC. REC. (100)CHANGE ACC. PAY. 0
CASH (90)REVENUE 100COST (90)
PROFIT 10 RETAINED EARNINGS 10
PROFIT 10
CASH (90)CASH AVAILABLE / (REQUIRED) DAY 1 to 29
3
HOW REVENUE AND COSTS BECOME CASH FLOW.
AR would be 100 and AP would be 0.
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Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 1
INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
ACC. RECEIVABLE 100
ACC. PAYABLE 0
CHANGE ACC. REC. (100)CHANGE ACC. PAY. 0
CASH (90)REVENUE 100COST (90)
PROFIT 10 RETAINED EARNINGS 10
PROFIT 10
CASH (90)CASH AVAILABLE / (REQUIRED) DAY 1 to 29
3
HOW REVENUE AND COSTS BECOME CASH FLOW.
Operating Working Capital requirement would be 100.
More money will be tied up in the business
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WHY OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
BALANCE SHEET
ACC. RECEIVABLE 100
ACC. PAYABLE 90
CASH 0
RETAINED EARNINGS 10
OPERATING CURRENT ASSETS(Accounts Receivable, Inventory, Prepayments, Tax Assets)
LESSOPERATING CURRENT LIABILITIES
(Accounts Payable, Accruals, Deferred Income, Tax Liabilities)
BALANCE SHEET
CASH 10
RETAINED EARNINGS 10
BALANCE SHEET
ACC. RECEIVABLE 100
ACC. PAYABLE 0
CASH (90)
RETAINED EARNINGS 10
= 0 = 10 = 100
1 2 3
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CASH FLOWS
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
WHY OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
= 0 = 10 = 100
1 2 3
100
(90)
10
100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
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CASH FLOWS
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
WHY OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
= 0
1
100
(90)
10
Example 1: If you receive all your income up front, and you pay suppliers immediately, your cash flow on day 1 = profit. OWC requirement is 0.
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WHY OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
= 10
2
100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
Example 2: If you receive income in 30 days and pay suppliers in 30 days, your OWC requirement is 10 (you have to wait for your profit).
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WHY OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
= 100
3
100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
Example 3: If you have to pay suppliers up front, but only receive income in 30 days, your cash flow on day one = your costs, and your CF day 30 = revenue. OWC is 100, as you need to pay 90 to suppliers and wait for your profit of 10.
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WHY OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
= 100
3
100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
Example 3: If you have to pay suppliers up front, but only receive income in 30 days, your cash flow on day one = your costs, and your CF day 30 = revenue. OWC is 100, as you need to pay 90 to suppliers and wait for your profit of 10.
For the full month, the net cash flow is the same (the profit), but the timing of your cash out flows and inflows are very different. This brings us to the importance of the Cash Conversion Cycle.
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WHY CASH CONVERSION CYCLE MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
100
(90)
10
= 0 days = 0 days = 30 days
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
1 2 3
CASH FLOWS
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
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WHY CASH CONVERSION CYCLE MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
100
(90)
10
= 0 days = 0 days = 30 days
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
1 2 3
CASH FLOWS
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
How many days it takes to convert your profit into cash from the moment you pay your first cost.Defined as Days Receivables – Days Payables
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100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
WHY OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
3
INCREASING DAYS PAYABLE:
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 20 100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
MINIMUM CASH
To reduce this conversion time, Days Rec can be reduced or Days Pay increased.
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100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
WHY OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
= 10 days
3
INCREASING DAYS PAYABLE:
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 20 100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
MINIMUM CASH
To reduce this conversion time, Days Rec can be reduced or Days Pay increased.
If Days Pay are increased to 20, CCC will be 10. (30 – 20).
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100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
WHY OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
= 10 days
3
INCREASING DAYS PAYABLE:
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 20 100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
MINIMUM CASH
To reduce this conversion time, Days Rec can be reduced or Days Pay increased.
If Days Pay are increased to 20, CCC will be 10. (30 – 20).
The suppliers will need to get paid in day 20, which reduces the average amount of working capital needed for the month.
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100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
WHY OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
= 10 days
3INCREASING DAYS PAYABLE:
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 20
AVERAGE OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL:
AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE = 100LESS
AVERAGE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE = 90*(20/30)=60
= 40
100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
MINIMUM CASH
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100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
WHY OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL MATTERS.
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
= 10 days
3INCREASING DAYS PAYABLE:
CUSTOMERS PAY DAY 30SUPPLIERS ARE PAID DAY 20
AVERAGE OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL:
AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE = 100LESS
AVERAGE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE = 90*(20/30)=60
= 40
100
(90)
10
CASH FLOWS
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
100
80
60
40
20
0
(20)
(40)
(60)
(80)
(100)
MINIMUM CASH
the minimum cash balance on day 20 will need to be 90 in order for the business to survive.
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HOW CAN WE HELP?
Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential
.
AUTOMATED ALERTS
BUDGET vs ACTUALS
CASH ANALYSIS
REPORTS
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THANK YOU
Lunch and Learn – Financial Management 101 – March 31, 2016Fractal Labs LTD - Proprietary & Confidential