1. FINANCIAL ENGINEERING Unit I: Introduction to Financial Engineering- Scope- Tools- Financial Engineering Vs. Financial Analysis- Factors contributing to the growth of financial engineering.- Innovative Products of the Last twenty years- present changing scenario of securities industry. Unit I: Introduction to Financial Engineering Unit I see the prescribed Text book. Unit II is OKWhat is Finance? Finance is about the bottom line of business activities Every business is a process of acquiring and disposing assets Real asset tangible and intangible Financial assets Objectives of business Valuation of assets Management of assets Valuation is the central issue of financeMoney vs. Finance Get MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates

2. What is Financial Engineering?Financial Engineering refers to the bundling and unbundling ofsecurities. This is done in order to maximize profits using different combinationsof equity, futures, options, fixed income, and swaps. They apply theoretical finance and computer modeling skills to makepricing, hedging, trading and portfolio management decisions. Financial Engineers are prepared for careers in: Get MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates 3. What is Financial Engineering? Generalizing: Financial Engineering involves the design, the development, and the implementation of innovative financial instruments and processes, and the formulation of creative solutions to problems in finance. Specializing: Financial Engineering is risk management via creative structural tools.Type of AssetExp. R of R Risk Level 1 Bank accounts2.5-3% No risk of deposit loss. Inflation risk.2 Money-market deposit 3.5-4% No risk of deposit loss. Rates geared to accountsinflation3 Money-market funds 4.5-5% Very little. Rates vary with inflation.4 Special 6-month5% Early withdrawals subject to penalty. Rates certificatesgeared to expected inflation.5 High-quality corporate8-8.25% Very little if held to maturity. Rate geared to bonds expected long-run inflation rate.6 Diversified portfolio of 9% Moderate to substantial. In any one year, the blue-chip common stocks actual return could be negative. Diversified (e.g., index fund)portfolios have at times lost 25% or more of their actual value. 7 Diversified portfolios of9-10%Substantial. Diversified portfolios have at risky stocks such astimes lost 50% or more of their actual value. aggressive growth mutual funds8 Real estatesimilar to Cannot be sold quickly. Hard to diversify.common Good inflation hedge if bought at reasonable stocksprice levels. For long-term investors.9 Goldunpredictable Substantial. Believed to be a hedge against hyperinflation. Can help to balance a diversified portfolio. Get MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates 4. Unifying Principles of Finance No arbitrage Preference Optimization Market in equilibrium Principle of FinancialEngineering No arbitrage Principles of Financial Market inEngineering equilibrium Preference Principles of Finance Optimization12 Unifying Equation of Valuation P=E(mx) Where m is state-dependent discount factor X is the state dependent payoff (cash flow) Consequence of no arbitrage equilibrium Conservation law of value of cash flow: the whole is equalto the sum of components Composition and de-composition of cash flowGet MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates 5. What is a security? A security is a fungible, negotiable instrument representing financial value. Securities are broadly categorized into debt and equity securities such as bonds and common stocks, respectively. Whats the purpose of securities? For the Holder Investment: Debt securities generally offer a higher rate of interest than bank deposits, and equities may offer the prospect of capital growth. Collateral: Purchasing securities with borrowed money secured by other securities.Equity and Debt Traditionally, securities are divided into debt securities and equity. Debt Debt securities may be called debentures, bonds, notes or commercial paper depending on their maturity and certain other characteristics.The holder of a debt security is typically entitled to the payment of principal and interest, together with other contractual rights under the terms of the issue, such as the right to receive certain information.Debt securities are generally issued for a fixed term and redeemable by the issuer at the end of that term. Get MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates 6. Equity An equity security is a share in the capital stock of a company(typically common stock, although preferred equity is also a form ofcapital stock). The holder of an equity is a shareholder, owning a share, or fractionalpart of the issuer. Unlike debt securities, which typically requireregular payments (interest) to the holder, equity securities are notentitled to any payment. Equity also enjoys the right to profits and capital gain.Weighted average cost of capitalThe Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is used in finance to measure a firm's cost of capital.Financial Engineering Vs. Financial Analysis A Financial Engineer is a person engaged in the practice of financial Engineering. And Engineering is the process of formulating and implementing a new instrument, a new process, or a creative solution to a problem. Financial Engineering refers to the bundling and unbundling of securities. This is done in order to maximize profits using different combinations of equity, futures, options, fixed income.Financial engineering is a cross-disciplinary field which relies on computational intelligence, mathematical finance, numerical methods and computer immolations to make trading, hedging and investment decisions, as well as facilitating the risk management of those decisions Utilising various methods, practitioners of computational finance aim to precisely determine the financial risk that certain financial instruments create. Get MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates 7. Areas of application: Investment banking Forecasting Corporate strategic planning Securities trading and financial risk management Derivatives trading and risk management Investment management Pension scheme Insurance policy Credit default swap Market mechanism design Financial analysis A Financial Analyst is a person engaged in the practice of financial Analysis. And Analysis is defined as the process or method of studying the nature of something in order to determine its essential features and their relationships. Financial analysis refers to an assessment of the viability, stabilityand profitability of a business, sub-business or project. It is performed by professionals who prepare reports using ratios thatmake use of information taken from financial statements and otherreports. These reports are usually presented to top management as one of their bases in making business decisions. Based on these reports, management may Continue or discontinue its main operation or part of its business; Make or purchase certain materials in the manufacture of its product; Acquire or rent/lease certain machineries and equipment in the production of its goods; Issue stocks or negotiate for a bank loan to increase its working capital; Make decisions regarding investing or lending capital; Financial analysts often assess the firm's stability, Profitability, Liquidity and Solvency to compare financial ratios:Get MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates 8. The starting point of financial engineering is financial analysis.The basis for financial analysis is the financial statements of a company. The job of financial engineering starts after a proper analysis of business and financial performance of a company. The areas of operations of financial analysis and financial engineers may be summarized as follows.JOB OF FINANCIAL ANALYST JOB OF FINANCIAL ENGINEER LIQUIDITY: Understand liquidity risk andsuggest innovative solutions either to Verification of current ratio , quickeliminate or minimize liquidity risk. ratio, and changes in working capital position.Financial Risk:Suggesting the scope and methods ofaltering the financial leverage and Analyze the financial risk throughthereby, minimizing financial risk. financial leverage and analyze the impact of financial leverage on the value of shares. Get MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates 9. JOB OF FINANCIAL ANALYST JOB OF FINANCIAL ENGINEERINTEREST RATE RISK:Analyze the scope for interest risk on Suggest or develop innovativethe basis of past experience.securities to safe guard investors from interest rate risk.INVESTMENT RISK:Analyze risk return relationship inSuggest appropriate derivativeinvestments in financial markets.instruments. Page 13JOB OF FINANCIAL ANALYSTJOB OF FINANCIALENGINEERInflationary risk:Analyze the degree of inflation and its Suggest appropriate measures andimpact on the return of various financial innovative or develop securities forinstruments.minimizing inflationary risk.EXCHANGE RATE RISK:Analyze the fluctuations of major Suggest innovative swaps, futures,currencies in the globe and establish the forwards and other financialrate of risk of one currency in relation to instruments for minimizing theexchange rate of another risk.financial risk. Page 14 Get MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates 10. Unit II: The Physical Tools of Financial Engineer- Product Development- A Model for New Product development- directions- design-testing-instrument preview. Unit II: The Physical Tools of Financial Engineer New Product Development and Product Life-Cycle StrategiesCauses of New Product Failures Overestimation of Market Size Product Design Problems Product Incorrectly Positioned, Priced or Advertised Costs of Product Development Competitive Actions To create successful new products, the company must: understand its customers, markets and competitors Develop products that deliver superior value to customers. New Product Development Process Idea Generation and Screening Concept Development and Testing Marketing Strategy Business Analysis Product Development Test Marketing Commercialization New Product Development ProcessStep 1. Idea GenerationSystematic Search for New Product Ideas Internal sources Customers Competitors Distributors Suppliers Step 2. Idea Screening Process to spot good ideas and drop poor ones Criteria Market Size Product Price Development Time & Costs Manufacturing Costs Rate of Return Step 3. Concept Development & Testing Get MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates 11. 1. Develop Product Ideas into Alternative Product Concepts 2. Concept Testing - Test the Product Concepts with Groups of Target Customers 3. Choose the Best OneStep 4. Marketing Strategy DevelopmentMarketing Strategy Statement Formulation Part One - Overall: Target Market Planned Product Positioning Sales & Profit GoalsMarket Share Part Two - Short-Term: Products Planned Price Distribution Marketing Budget Part Three - Long-Term: Sales & Profit Goals Marketing Mix StrategyStep 5. Business Analysis Step 6. Product Development Step 7. Test MarketingGet MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates 12. Standard Test Market Full marketing campaign in a small number of representative cities.Controlled Test Market A few stores that have agreed to carry new products for a fee.Simulated Test Market Test in a simulated shopping environment to a sample of consumers.Product Life Cycle Get MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates 13. Get MBA study materials, articles, order business templates and stock market updates from or www.easymbaguide.com or www.easymbaguide.jimdo.com or www.easymbaguide.blogspot.com. Give your valuable feedback easymbaguide@gmail.com. Join easymbaguide@yahoogroups.com to get updates