Financial Accounting and Accounting Standardsocw.upj.ac.id/files/Handout-AKT-102-Pertemuan-2.pdf ·...
Transcript of Financial Accounting and Accounting Standardsocw.upj.ac.id/files/Handout-AKT-102-Pertemuan-2.pdf ·...
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Chapter 9
Plant Assets,
Natural Resources, and
Intangible Assets
Financial Accounting, IFRS Edition
Weygandt Kimmel Kieso
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IFRS allows revaluation of plant assets to fair value
If revaluation is used, it must be applied to all assets in
a class of assets.
Assets that are experiencing rapid price changes must
be revalued on an annual basis, otherwise less
frequent revaluation is acceptable.
Revaluation of Plant Assets
SO 4 Describe the procedure for revising periodic depreciation.
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Illustration: Pernice Company applies revaluation to plant
assets with a carrying value of $1,000,000, a useful life of 5
years, and no residual value. Pernice makes the following
journal entries in year 1, assuming straight-line depreciation.
Depreciation expense 200,000
Accumulated depreciation 200,000
Revaluation of Plant Assets
SO 4 Describe the procedure for revising periodic depreciation.
After this entry, Pernice’s plant assets have a carrying amount
of $800,000 ($1,000,000 - $200,000).
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Illustration: At the end of year 1, independent appraisers
determine that the asset has a fair value of $850,000. To report
the plant assets at fair value, Pernice makes the following entry.
Accumulated depreciation 200,000
Plant assets 150,000
Revaluation of Plant Assets
SO 4 Describe the procedure for revising periodic depreciation.
Revaluation surplus is an example of an item reported as other
comprehensive income, as discussed in Chapter 5.
Revaluation surplus 50,000
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Pernice now reports the following information in its statement of
financial position at the end of year 1.
Revaluation of Plant Assets
SO 4 Describe the procedure for revising periodic depreciation.
$850,000 is the new basis of the asset. Pernice reports depreciation
expense of $200,000 in the income statement and $50,000 in other
comprehensive income. Depreciation in year 2 will be $212,500
($850,000 / 4).
Illustration 9-18
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Ordinary Repairs - expenditures to maintain the operating
efficiency and productive life of the unit.
Debit - Repair (or Maintenance) Expense.
Referred to as revenue expenditures.
Expenditures During Useful Life
SO 5 Distinguish between revenue and capital expenditures,
and explain the entries for each.
Additions and Improvements - costs incurred to increase
the operating efficiency, productive capacity, or useful life of a
plant asset.
Debit - the plant asset affected.
Referred to as capital expenditures.
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Companies dispose of plant assets in three ways —
Retirement, Sale, or Exchange (appendix).
Plant Asset Disposals
SO 6 Explain how to account for the disposal of a plant asset.
Illustration 9-19
Record depreciation up to the date of disposal.
Eliminate asset by (1) debiting Accumulated Depreciation, and
(2) crediting the asset account.
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Illustration: Assume that Hobart Enterprises retires
its computer printers, which cost $32,000. The accumulated
depreciation on these printers is $32,000. The journal entry to
record this retirement is:
Plant Asset Disposals - Retirement
SO 6 Explain how to account for the disposal of a plant asset.
Accumulated depreciation 32,000
Printing equipment 32,000
Question: What happens if a fully depreciated plant asset is still useful
to the company?
Retirement of Plant Assets
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Illustration: Assume that Sunset Company discards delivery
equipment that cost $18,000 and has accumulated
depreciation of $14,000. The journal entry is:
Plant Asset Disposals - Retirement
SO 6 Explain how to account for the disposal of a plant asset.
Accumulated depreciation 14,000
Loss on disposal 4,000
Companies report a loss on disposal in the “Other income and
expense” section of the income statement.
Delivery equipment 18,000
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Sale of Plant Assets
Compare the book value of the asset with the proceeds
received from the sale.
If proceeds exceed the book value, a gain on disposal
occurs.
If proceeds are less than the book value, a loss on
disposal occurs.
Plant Asset Disposals
SO 6 Explain how to account for the disposal of a plant asset.
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Illustration: Assume that on July 1, 2011, Wright Company sells
office furniture for $16,000 cash. The office furniture originally
cost $60,000. As of January 1, 2011, it had accumulated
depreciation of $41,000. Depreciation for the first six months of
2011 is $8,000. Prepare the journal entry to record depreciation
expense up to the date of sale.
SO 6 Explain how to account for the disposal of a plant asset.
Plant Asset Disposals - Sale
Depreciation expense 8,000
Accumulated depreciation 8,000
Gain on Disposal
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Illustration: Wright records the sale as follows.
SO 6 Explain how to account for the disposal of a plant asset.
Plant Asset Disposals - Sale
Cash 16,000
Accumulated depreciation 49,000
Illustration 9-20
Computation of gain on
disposal
Office equipment 60,000
Gain on disposal 5,000
July 1
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Illustration: Assume
that instead of selling
the office furniture for
$16,000, Wright sells it
for $9,000.
SO 6 Explain how to account for the disposal of a plant asset.
Plant Asset Disposals - Sale
Loss on Disposal
Cash 9,000
Accumulated depreciation 49,000
Office equipment 60,000
Loss on disposal 5,000
July 1
Illustration 9-21
Computation of loss on disposal
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Natural resources consist of standing timber and
resources extracted from the ground, such as oil, gas,
and minerals.
Standing timber is considered a biological asset under
IFRS.
In the years before they are harvested, the recorded
value of biological assets is adjusted to fair value each
period.
Section 2 – Natural Resources
SO 7 Compute periodic depletion of extractable natural resources.
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Depletion is to natural resources as depreciation is to plant
assets.
Companies generally use units-of-activity method.
Depletion generally is a function of the units extracted.
IFRS defines extractive industries as those businesses
involved in finding and removing natural resources located in
or near the earth’s crust.
Cost - price needed to acquire the resource and prepare it for
its intended use.
Depletion - allocation of the cost to expense in a rational and
systematic manner over the resource’s useful life.
Section 2 – Natural Resources
SO 7 Compute periodic depletion of extractable natural resources.
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Illustration: Assume that Lane Coal Company invests $5
million in a mine estimated to have 10 million tons of coal and no
salvage value. In the first year, Lane extracts and sells 800,000
tons of coal. Lane computes the depletion expense as follows:
Section 2 – Natural Resources
$5,000,000 ÷ 10,000,000 = $.50 depletion cost per ton
$.50 x 800,000 = $400,000 depletion expense
Depletion expense 400,000
Accumulated depletion 400,000
Journal entry:
SO 7 Compute periodic depletion of extractable natural resources.
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Financial Statement Presentation
Illustration 9-23
Statement presentation of accumulated depletion
Extracted resources that have not been sold are reported as
inventory in the current assets section.
SO 7 Compute periodic depletion of extractable natural resources.
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Intangible assets are rights, privileges, and competitive
advantages that do not possess physical substance.
Section 3 – Intangible Assets
Patents
Copyrights
Franchises or licenses
Intangible assets are categorized as having either a
limited life or an indefinite life.
Common types of intangibles:
SO 8 Explain the basic issues related to accounting for intangible assets.
Trademarks and trade
names
Goodwill
IFRS permits revaluation of intangible assets to fair value, except for goodwill.
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Patents
Exclusive right to manufacture, sell, or otherwise control
an invention for a specified number of years from the
date of the grant.
Legal life in many countries is 20 years.
Capitalize costs of purchasing a patent and amortize
over its legal life or its useful life, whichever is shorter.
Legal fees incurred successfully defending a patent are
capitalized to Patent account.
Types of Intangible Assets
SO 8 Explain the basic issues related to accounting for intangible assets.
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Intangible assets are typically amortized on a straight-line
basis.
Illustration: Assume that National Labs purchases a patent at
a cost of $60,000. National estimates the useful life of the
patent to be eight years. National records the annual
amortization as follows.
Accounting for Intangible Assets
SO 8 Explain the basic issues related to accounting for intangible assets.
Amortization expense 7,500
Patent 7,500
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Copyrights
Give the owner the exclusive right to reproduce and sell
an artistic or published work.
plays, literary works, musical works, pictures,
photographs, and video and audiovisual material.
Granted for the life of the creator plus a specified number
of years, which can vary by country but is commonly 70
years.
Capitalize costs of acquiring and defending it.
Amortized to expense over useful life.
Accounting for Intangible Assets
SO 8 Explain the basic issues related to accounting for intangible assets.
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Trademarks and Trade Names
Word, phrase, jingle, or symbol that identifies a particular
enterprise or product.
Wheaties, Game Boy, Frappuccino, Kleenex, Windows,
Coca-Cola, and Jetta.
Registration provides a specified number of years of
protection, which can vary by country, but is commonly 20
years.
Capitalize acquisition costs.
Renewed indefinitely, no amortization.
Accounting for Intangible Assets
SO 8 Explain the basic issues related to accounting for intangible assets.
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Franchises and Licenses
Contractual arrangement between a franchisor and a
franchisee.
BP (GBR), Taco Bell (USA), or Rent-A-Wreck (USA)
are franchises.
Franchise (or license) with a limited life should be
amortized to expense over the life of the franchise.
Franchise with an indefinite life should be carried at cost
and not amortized.
Accounting for Intangible Assets
SO 8 Explain the basic issues related to accounting for intangible assets.
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Goodwill
Includes exceptional management, desirable location, good
customer relations, skilled employees, high-quality products,
etc.
Only recorded when an entire business is purchased.
Goodwill is recorded as the excess of ...
purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net
assets acquired.
Internally created goodwill should not be capitalized.
Accounting for Intangible Assets
SO 8 Explain the basic issues related to accounting for intangible assets.
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