CORPORATE FINANCE CORPORATE FINANCE J.D. Han King’s College, UWO.
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Finance and Corporate Committee
Notice of Meeting A meeting of the Finance and Corporate Committee will be held in the Council Chamber, Forum North, Whangarei on:
Thursday
25 May 2017 9.00 am
Committee Cr Shelley Deeming (Chairperson) Her Worship the Mayor Sheryl Mai
Cr Stu Bell Cr Crichton Christie Cr Vince Cocurullo
Cr Tricia Cutforth Cr Sue Glen
Cr Jayne Golightly Cr Phil Halse
Cr Cherry Hermon Cr Greg Innes
Cr Greg Martin Cr Sharon Morgan
Cr Anna Murphy
Finance and Corporate Committee – Terms of Reference Membership Chairperson: Councillor Shelley Deeming
Members: Her Worship the Mayor Sheryl Mai
Councillors Stu Bell, Crichton Christie, Vince Cocurullo, Tricia Cutforth, Sue Glen, Jayne Golightly, Phil Halse, Cherry Hermon, Greg Innes, Greg Martin, Sharon Morgan, Anna Murphy
Meetings: Monthly Quorum: 7 Purpose:
To oversee Council and CCO’s financial management and performance, including operation of the administrative and internal support functions of council.
Key responsibilities include: • Progress towards achievement of the council’s financial objectives as set out in the
Long Term Plan.
• Preparation for recommendation to council:
- Advising and supporting the mayor on the development of the Long Term Plan (LTP) and Annual Plan (AP)
- Financial policy related to the LTP and AP - Setting of rates - Preparation of the consultation document and supporting information, and
the consultation process for the LTP and AP - Annual Report
• Financial/Planning and Control - Corporate accounting services - Treasury – debt and interest risk management - Procurement
• CCO Monitoring and Performance
- Monitoring the financial and non-financial performance targets, key
performance indicators and other measures of each Council Controlled Organisation (CCO) to inform the committee’s judgement about the performance of each organisation.
- Advising the mayor on the content of the annual Letters of Expectations (LoE) to CCOs.
• Overseeing and making decisions relating to an ongoing programme of service
delivery reviews as required under section 17A of the Local Government Act 2002
• Shared Services – investigate opportunities for Shared Services for
recommendation to council.
Delegations (i) All powers necessary to perform the committee’s responsibilities, including, but
not limited to:
(a) the approval of expenditure of less than $5 million plus GST. (b) approval of a submission to an external body. (c) establishment of working parties or steering groups.
(d) power to establish subcommittees and to delegate their powers to that
subcommittee.
(e) the power to adopt the Special Consultative Procedure provided for in Section 83 to 88 of the LGA in respect of matters under its jurisdiction (this allows for setting of fees and bylaw making processes up to but not including adoption).
(f) the power to delegate any of its powers to any joint committee established
for any relevant purpose under clause 32, Schedule 7 of the Local Government Act 2002
OPEN MEETING
APOLOGIES
DECLARATIONS OF INTEREST Members are reminded to indicate any items in which they might have an interest.
INDEX
Item No Page No
1. Minutes of Meeting Held 27 April 2017 ................................................................... 1
2. Financial Report for the 10 Months Ending 30 April 2017 ........................................ 3
3. Corporate Capital Projects Report for the Month Ending30 April 2017 ....................................................................................................... 10
4. Operational Report – Finance and Corporate – May 2017..................................... 13
5. Service Delivery Review – Legal Services ............................................................ 22
Recommendations contained in this agenda may not be final decisions. Please refer to the minutes for resolutions.
Local Government Act 2002 Amendment Act 2012 Full consideration has been given to the provisions of the Local Government Act 2002 Amendment Act 2012 in relation to decision making and in particular the current and future needs of communities for good quality local infrastructure, local public services and performance of regulatory functions in a way that is most cost effective for households and businesses. Consideration has also been given to social, economic and cultural interests and the need to maintain and enhance the quality of the environment in taking a sustainable development approach.
Finance and Corporate Committee 25 May 2017
1. Minutes: Finance and Corporate CommitteeThursday 27 April 2017
Minutes of a meeting of the Finance and Corporate Committee held in the Council Chamber Forum North on Thursday 27 April 2017 at 9.00am
Present: Cr Shelley Deeming (Chairperson)
Her Worship the Mayor Sheryl Mai, Crs Stu Bell, Vince Cocurullo, Tricia Cutforth, Sue Glen, Jayne Golightly, Phil Halse, Cherry Hermon, Greg Innes, Greg Martin, Sharon Morgan and Anna Murphy
Apology:
Cr Christie
Moved: Cr Martin Seconded: Cr Glen
“That the apology be sustained.” CARRIED
In Attendance: Chief Executive (Rob Forlong), General Manager Finance and Corporate (Alan Adcock), General Manager Strategy and Democracy (Jill McPherson), General Manager Community (Sandra Boardman), Democracy Manager (Jason Marris), Financial Controller (Rich Kerr), Financial Accountant (Delyse Henwood), Treasury & CCO Accountant (Nathan Wright), and Senior Meeting Coordinator (C Brindle)
1. Confirmation of minutes of a Meeting of the Finance and Corporate Committeeheld on 30 March 2017Moved Cr InnesSeconded Cr Morgan
“That the minutes of the Finance and Corporate Committee Meeting held on Thursday30 March 2017, have been circulated, be taken as read and now confirmed andadopted as a true and correct recording of proceedings of that meeting.”
CARRIED
2. Financial Report for the 9 Months Ending 31 March 2017
Moved Cr BellSeconded Cr Cocurullo
“That the Finance and Corporate Committee receives the financial report for the nine monthsending 31 March 2017.”
CARRIED
1
Finance and Corporate Committee 25 May 2017
3. Corporate Capital Projects Report for the Month Ending 31 March 2017
Moved Cr Hermon Seconded Cr Glen “That the Finance and Corporate Committee:
a) Receive the Corporate Capital Projects Report for the month ending 31 March 2017.”
CARRIED
4. Operational Report – Finance and Corporate – April 2017
Moved Cr Innes Seconded Cr Cutforth “That the Finance and Corporate Committee notes the operational report for April 2017.
CARRIED
The meeting closed at 9.22am
Confirmed this 25th day of May 2017
Shelley Deeming (Chairperson)
2
Finance and Corporate Committee 25 May 2017
2 Financial Report for the 10 Months Ending 30 April 2017
Reporting officer: Alan Adcock (General Manager - Corporate/CFO) Date of meeting: 25 May 2017
1 Purpose To provide the financial report for the ten months ending 30 April 2017.
2 Recommendation/s That the Finance and Corporate Committee receives the financial report for the ten months ending 30 April 2017.
3 Background Council remains on track to achieve a positive financial result for the 2016-2017 year.
3.1 Operating Result – Full Year Forecast
The forecast net surplus for the financial year ending 30 June 2017 is $7.0m compared with a budgeted surplus of $5.3m, resulting in a favourable variance of $1.7m.
3.2 Capital Project Expenditure – Full Year Forecast
The Capital Projects expenditure as at 30 April 2017 is currently $12.5m less than budget. Council is forecasting to spend a total of $41.6m against the $56.8m budget, with a forecast carry forward of $15.5m to the next financial year (the major carry forwards relate to One Building $3.0m, Cycleways $1.0m, Whau Valley Water Treatment Plant $1.9m, Tarewa Tank (Wastewater) $2.0m, Pohe Island Projects (Sports and Recreation) $1.3m and IT Projects $2.7m.
3.3 External Net Debt and Treasury
Total net external debt at the end of April 2017 was $122.2m compared to revised budgeted net debt of $152.8m, resulting in net debt being $30.6m under budget.
This positive variance is a result of several factors including:
• Difference in the 2016/17 opening debt compared to the annual plan• Year to date operating result (see 3.1)• Unbudgeted property sales• Timing of capital expenditure.
3
YTD
Revis
edBu
dget
Varia
nce
YTD
YTD
Full Y
earFo
recast
Revis
edBu
dget
Varia
nce
YTD
(Surpl
us)/
Defic
it(Su
rplus)
/ De
ficit
(Surpl
us)/
Defic
itInd
icator
(Surpl
us)/
Defic
it(Su
rplus)
/ De
ficit
(Surpl
us)/
Defic
itInd
icator
$ m$ m
$ m$ m
$ m$ m
OPER
ATING
Total
Rates
(72.9)
(72.7)
(0.2)
(88.1)
(88.0)
(0.1)
Favou
rable t
o budg
etUs
er Fe
es(16
.6)(16
.8)0.2
(20.6)
(20.1)
(0.5)
Opera
ting S
ubsid
ies an
d Gran
ts(5.
5)(5.
2)(0.
3)(6.
5)(6.
6)0.1
Total
Opera
ting In
come
(98.3)
(98.2)
(0.1)
(119.8
)(11
9.1)
(0.7)
Perso
nnel C
osts
21.2
21.7
(0.5)
25.3
25.7
(0.4)
Unfav
ourabl
e to pr
evious
month
21.1
20.7
0.428.
426.
22.2
Other
Opera
ting E
xpen
diture
22.8
24.2
(1.4)
30.0
31.2
(1.2)
Total
Opera
ting E
xpen
diture
102.6
104.7
(2.1)
130.1
129.9
0.2(Su
rplus
)/Defi
cit fro
m Ope
ration
s4.3
6.5(2.
2)10.
310.
8(0.
5)
CAPIT
ALCa
pital S
ubsid
ies(9.
2)(8.
1)(1.
1)(9.
9)(10
.7)0.8
Devel
opme
nt Co
ntribu
tions
(4.3)
(2.7)
(1.6)
(4.6)
(3.0)
(1.6)
Total
Capit
al Inc
ome
(13.9)
(11.2)
(2.7)
(17.5)
(16.7)
(0.8)
Exter
nal N
et De
bt122
.2152
.8(30
.6)Ne
t Inter
est on
debt
5.9 6.7
(0.8)
7.1 8.0
(0.9)
Total
(Surp
lus) / D
eficit
(9.6)
(4.6)
(5.0)
(7.0)
(5.3)
(1.7)
Key C
ontrib
utors
to Ye
ar En
d Fore
cast U
nfavou
rable
Varia
nces:
Opera
ting S
ubsid
ies an
d Gran
tsTh
eunfa
vourab
levaria
nceisd
ueto t
he $1.
3m of
expend
iture
(53%
subsid
y) for
Manga
kahiaR
oadbei
ngrem
ovedfr
omthe
for
ecast.
Some
ofthis
hasb
eenoffs
etbya
ddition
alsubs
idiesd
ue tof
loodd
amage
.Pro
fessio
nal Fe
es / R
&M / A
sset O
perat
ing Ex
pend
iture
Theu
nfavou
rablev
ariance
isdue
toprof
ession
al fees
for lea
ky bui
ldingli
tigation
,renta
larbitr
atione
xpense
s,Mars
denCit
ylegal
exp
enses,
resour
cecon
sentsp
rocess
ing,an
denvi
ronme
ntal
policy
planc
hanges
curren
tlytra
cking
higher
thanb
udget.
Some
oft
his is
duetos
taffvac
ancies
andpar
tiallyo
ffsetby
afavou
rable
varian
ceins
alaries
.Ca
pital S
ubsid
iesTh
eunfa
vourab
levaria
nce is
due to
the su
bsidy
budget
ed for
rep
lacem
entofb
ridges
which
didnot
getNZ
TAfun
dinga
pprove
d, and
carryf
orward
ofcycl
eways
.
Note:
The a
bove in
forma
tion inc
ludes
excerp
ts take
n from
the Mo
nthly I
ncome
State
ment.
The s
haded
lines a
bove r
eprese
nt key
totals f
rom the
Month
ly Inco
me
Statem
entbut
arenot
totals o
ftheli
nesabo
ve.
MONT
HLY K
EY IN
DICAT
ORS
APRIL
2017
YTD t
o 30 A
pril 20
17Fu
ll Year
Forec
ast
Profes
siona
l Fees
/ R&M
/ Asse
t Op
eratin
gExp
endit
ure
Trend
Curre
nt /
previo
us
month
Unfav
ourabl
e, but w
ithin 5
% of
budget
KEY
Unfav
ourabl
e, over
5% of
budget
Favou
rable t
o prev
ious m
onth
5 ATTACHMENT 1
Actual YTDBudget
YTD Variance YTDYTD
TrendFull Year Forecast
RevisedBudget Variance Full Year
(Surplus) / Deficit
(Surplus) / Deficit
(Surplus) / Deficit Indicator
(Surplus) / Deficit
(Surplus) / Deficit
(Surplus) / Deficit Indicator
$m $m $m $m $m $m
Total Council (9.6) (4.6) (5.0) (7.0) (5.3) (1.7)
Transportation 10.1 11.4 (1.3) 15.3 15.2 0.1
Water (2.7) (0.2) (2.5) (2.9) (1.5) (1.4)
Solid Waste (2.5) (2.6) 0.1 (2.4) (2.3) (0.1)
Waste Water (5.1) (4.5) (0.6) (4.9) (4.2) (0.7)
Storm Water 4.2 3.7 0.5 4.2 3.4 0.8
Flood Protection (0.1) 0.0 (0.1) (0.1) 0.0 (0.1)
Community Facilities 17.9 18.5 (0.6) 26.3 26.7 (0.4)
Economic Growth 1.9 2.2 (0.3) 1.9 2.1 (0.2)
Planning & Regulatory 6.3 6.5 (0.2) 8.4 7.9 0.5
Support Services (39.4) (39.4) 0.0 (52.8) (52.7) (0.1)
KEY:Favourable to budget
Favourable to previous month Unfavourable to previous month
Key Contributors to Year End Forecast Unfavourable Variances: Storm WaterThe unfavourable year end position due to legal expenses for Marsden City legal case.Planning & RegulatoryThe unfavourable year end position is mainly due to WOF/Rego infringement revenue continuously tracking below budget, as well as professional fees for leaky building litigation, resource consents processing and environmental policy plan changes currently tracking higher than budget.
APRIL 2017MONTHLY ACTIVITY SUMMARY
YTD to 30 April 2017 Full Year Forecast
Unfavourable, over 5% of budgetUnfavourable, but within 5% of budget
TrendCurrent /previous
month
6 ATTACHMENT 2
Actual Revised Budget Forecast Revised
Budget VarianceYTD YTD 2016-17 2016-17 2016-17$000 $000 $000 $000 $000
Operating IncomeGeneral Rates (41,769) (42,327) (50,504) (51,064) 559Activity Targeted Rates (20,311) (20,153) (24,422) (24,275) (147)Metered water (10,830) (10,246) (13,124) (12,634) (491)User Fees (16,645) (16,834) (20,559) (20,073) (486)Other Income (2,682) (3,394) (3,938) (4,433) 495Interest Received - Cash Balances (576) (46) (754) (55) (699)Operating Grants & Subsidies (5,490) (5,224) (6,467) (6,575) 108Total Operating Income (98,304) (98,225) (119,768) (119,108) (660)
Operating ExpenditurePersonnel Costs 21,194 21,689 25,262 25,694 (433)Professional Fees 4,719 3,556 6,936 4,681 2,255Repairs and Maintenance 12,589 13,480 16,493 16,612 (119)Asset Operating Expenditure 3,753 3,713 4,973 4,890 83Other Operating Expenditure 22,771 24,243 30,029 31,205 (1,176)Depreciation 31,147 31,342 38,528 38,714 (186)Interest Expense - External Borrowings 6,448 6,704 7,853 8,086 (233)Total Operating Expenditure 102,621 104,727 130,073 129,883 191
(Surplus)/Deficit from Operations 4,317 6,501 10,305 10,774 (470)
Capital IncomeCapital Subsidies (9,162) (8,139) (9,862) (10,724) 861Capital Scheme Rates (346) (339) (413) (407) (6)Lump Sum Contributions (135) (49) (148) (49) (99)Development Contributions (4,292) (2,672) (4,619) (3,000) (1,619)Non Cash - Vested Assets 0 0 (2,500) (2,500) 0Total Capital Income (13,936) (11,200) (17,543) (16,680) (863)
Capital Grant ExpenditureCapital grant expenditure 60 130 249 580 (331)Total Capital Grants 60 130 249 580 (331)
(Surplus)/Deficit from Operating Capital (13,876) (11,070) (17,295) (16,100) (1,195)
Total (Surplus)/Deficit (9,558) (4,568) (6,990) (5,325) (1,664)
Council Summary
MONTHLY INCOME STATEMENT 30 APRIL 2017
7 ATTACHMENT 3
CAPITAL PROJECT EXPENDITURE AS AT 30 APRIL 2017
$2,602
$42
$4,739
$1,452
$3,690
$58
$1,357
$15,866
$29,805
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Support Services
Economic Growth
Community Facilities & Services
Storm Water
Waste Water
Solid Waste
Water
Transportation
Total Complete YTD
% of YTD Capital Projects Completed v YTD Revised Budget
-
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Forecast
Cumulative YTD Project Expenditure vs. Revised Budget
CarryforwardsForecastRevised Budget YTDActual YTD
8 ATTACHMENT 4
As at 30 April 2017162,000,000
Plus loans raised during month 5,000,000 Less loan repayments made during month (Note: Facility movement has been netted) (5,000,000)
- 162,000,000
Less: Cash balances (excluding funds held on behalf) 2,316,489 Term deposits (Funds held on deposit until required for project funding) 37,500,000
39,816,489122,183,511
30,000,00039,000,000
3-5 Years 33,000,00060,000,000
162,000,000
9,889,252Property Reinvestment Reserve - Available for Reinvestment 3,576,672Property Reinvestment Reserve - Accumulated 28,136,929
31,713,601Water Reserve 26,282,501
67,885,353
TREASURY REPORT
External DebtOpening public debt as at 1 April 2017
DEBT SUMMARY:
STANDARD AND POORS CREDIT RATING: AA Outlook: Stable
30 APRIL 2017
Note: Reserves Funding is disclosed to ensure transparency of Council’s use of cashflow management to fund capital works. Where funds are raised through property sales or targeted rates for Water, but they are not required for immediate investment in that asset category, Council’s Revenue and Financing policy allows them to be used for other purposes, rather than being held on deposit.To ensure total transparency of this we create Reserve Accounts so that the appropriate funding can be made available and transferred back when it is required. The timing of projects requiring these funds is set out in our Long Term Plan (LTP) and/or Annual Plan (AP). These Reserves are not a liability to an external party, and are not part of Council’s debt obligations.The Property Reinvestment Reserve is split to record funds that were used specifically for capital works in previous years; and a smaller amount representing recent unbudgeted sales where the funds received have offset external debt.The only situation where our Net Debt would increase as a result of these Reserves is if major expenditure on Water Assets or property purchases is brought forward from the dates set out in the LTP/AP.
Net movement in external debtTotal External Debt
Total Net External DebtTotal cash and term deposits
Total
Internal Funding
Note: Council also holds $2.3m of LGFA borrower notes. These are not included in net external debt as per Council's Treasury Risk Management Policy.
NET EXTERNAL DEBT COMPARED TO BUDGET:
External debt is represented by:Less than 1 Year1-3 YearsGreater than 5 YearsTotal
Community Development Funds
100.00
110.00
120.00
130.00
140.00
150.00
160.00
June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
$ Millio
ns
Months
Net Debt 2015-2016Revised Bugeted Net Debt 2016-2017Net Debt 2016-2017Net Debt Target (Annual plan,$156M)
9 ATTACHMENT 5
Finance and Corporate Committee 25 May 2017
3. Corporate Capital Projects Report for the Month Ending30 April 2017
Reporting officer: Alan Adcock (General Manager - Corporate) Date of meeting: 25 May 2017
1 Purpose To provide the Corporate Capital Projects Report for the month ending 30 April 2017.
2 Recommendation/s That the Finance and Corporate Committee receive the Corporate Capital Projects Report for the month ending 30 April 2017.
3 Background An update on Corporate projects expenditure to date, and forecast spend and carry forwards against budget.
3.1 Capital Project Expenditure to date and Full Year Forecast
The Capital Projects expenditure for Corporate as at 30 April 2017 is currently $3.9m less than budget. Corporate is forecasting to spend a total of $2.7m against the $8.4m budget, with a forecast carry forward of $5.7m to the next financial year.
The main variance to budget and forecast carry forward is for the Council Premises of $3m as this project is still in its preliminary phase.
Information Services projects also have some delays with the:
• Digitisation project, largely due to resourcing, forecasting a carry forward of $1.2m
• One Council (OC) project, which is forecasting a carry forward of $0.7m due to delaysin the availability of TechnologyOne’s CiA Property and Rating Module.
10
Finance and Corporate Committee 25 May 2017
4 Significance and engagement The decisions or matters of this Agenda do not trigger the significance criteria outlined in Council’s Significance and Engagement Policy, and the public will be informed via agenda publication on the website.
5 Attachments 1. Corporate Capital Projects Report to 30 April 2017
11
1 of
1
Actu
alYT
D
Rev
ised
B
udge
t YT
D
Varia
nce
YTD
Full
Year
Fo
reca
st
Full
Year
R
evis
ed
Bud
get
Fore
cast
(U
nder
spen
t)/
Ove
rspe
nt
Fore
cast
C
arry
Fo
rwar
ds
Tota
l (U
nder
spen
t)/
Ove
rspe
nt$0
00$0
00$0
00$0
00$0
00$0
00$0
00$0
00
Supp
ort S
ervi
ces
Cou
ncil
Offi
ces
Cou
ncil
Prem
ises
03,
010
(3,0
10)
03,
010
(3,0
10)
3,01
00
Info
rmat
ion
Cen
tre U
pgra
de0
70(7
0)80
150
(70)
50(2
0)C
ounc
il O
ffice
s T
otal
03,
080
(3,0
80)
803,
160
(3,0
80)
3,06
0(2
0)
Gov
erna
nce
Cou
ncil
Cha
mbe
rs U
pgra
des
00
010
00
100
010
0C
ounc
illor M
obile
Dev
ices
360
3636
036
036
Gov
erna
nce
Tot
al36
036
136
013
60
136
Hum
an R
esou
rces
Cou
ncil
Vehi
cle
Rep
lace
men
ts65
142
(77)
135
204
(68)
0(6
8)O
ffice
Fur
nitu
re15
015
90
90
9H
uman
Res
ourc
es T
otal
8014
2(6
2)14
420
4(5
9)0
(59)
Info
rmat
ion
Serv
ices
Asse
t Man
agem
ent S
oftw
are
Upg
rade
820
(12)
816
1(1
53)
153
(0)
Com
pute
r Tec
h fo
r Bui
ldin
g, A
nim
al C
ontro
l & P
arki
ng0
00
012
9(1
29)
129
0C
usto
mer
Acc
ess
- Onl
ine
Serv
ices
00
00
213
(213
)21
30
Dec
isio
n Su
ppor
t Sys
tem
Dev
elop
men
t0
65(6
5)0
215
(215
)21
50
Dig
itisa
tion
of R
ecor
ds14
21,
084
(942
)28
01,
545
(1,2
64)
1,23
9(2
5)El
ectro
nic
Agen
da M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
1360
(47)
108
6048
048
IB P
roje
ct92
345
147
293
745
148
70
487
InC
ompa
ss83
854
029
983
854
029
90
299
OC
Pro
ject
150
518
(367
)15
01,
581
(1,4
30)
715
(716
)So
ftwar
e Ap
plic
atio
n In
tegr
atio
n0
150
(150
)0
150
(150
)0
(150
)In
form
atio
n Se
rvic
es T
otal
2,07
52,
886
(812
)2,
323
5,04
5(2
,721
)2,
665
(57)
Prop
erty
Wat
er S
ervi
ces
Build
ing
Ren
ewal
s0
20(2
0)0
20(2
0)0
(20)
Prop
erty
Tot
al0
20(2
0)0
20(2
0)0
(20)
Supp
ort S
ervi
ces
Tota
l2,
191
6,12
8(3
,937
)2,
684
8,42
8(5
,744
)5,
725
(20)
Tot
al2,
191
6,12
8(3
,937
)2,
684
8,42
8(5
,744
)5,
725
(20)
CO
RPO
RAT
E C
APIT
AL P
RO
JEC
TS R
EPO
RT
AS A
T 30
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12 ATTACHMENT 1
Finance and Corporate Committee 25 May 2017
4 Operational Report - Finance and Corporate - May 2017
Reporting officer: Alan Adcock (General Manager - Corporate/CFO) Date of meeting: 25 May 2017
1 Purpose To provide a brief overview of work across services that the Finance and Corporate Committee is responsible for.
2 Recommendation That the Finance and Corporate Committee notes the operational report for May 2017.
3 Background The purpose of the Finance and Corporate Committee is to oversee Council and CCOs financial management and performance, including operation of the administrative and internal support functions of Council.
This report provides a brief overview of some of the operational highlights for May 2017 and provides further comment on future activities planned for this financial year.
4 Significance and engagement The decisions or matters of this report do not trigger the significance criteria outlined in Council’s Significance and Engagement Policy, and the public will be informed via report publication.
5 Attachment Operational Report – Finance and Corporate – May 2017
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1
Operational Report – Finance and Corporate – May 2017
Information Services We are now seeing a wide level of adoption and general use of all the system changes implemented via Trilogy last year in November. The team are now focusing on understanding where the first phase of Trilogy change has made a positive impact and reporting against key performance indicators to make sure the benefits expected are realised.
Much of the next stage roadmap for the ICT strategic plan has been drafted over the last month. In the next month, there will be a focus on:
• Adopting a strong ICT governance structure
• Reviewing the ICT Information Services Strategic Plan (ISSP)
• Reviewing the Long Term Plan commitments for the ongoing ICT programme.
At a high level the regional ICT teams continue to be engaged in the Regional Shared Services (ICT) work stream, however there is still much work required at an executive level to describe the benefits sought and objectives (i.e. cost savings or increased services or availability) before opportunities can be identified and aligned.
IT Infrastructure
The infrastructure functions are continuing to operate within normal workload levels with nil disruption to our infrastructure platform services provided via the Cloud during the month of April. The key activities include:
• Updating ICT policies and procedures to align with Trilogy changes
• Finalising the updated Business Continuity Plans
• Decommissioning and disposal of the WDC Server Room assets and surplusdesktop assets (Citrix thin clients)
• Support for various business operations projects
• Continuous monitoring of intrusion attempts (computer viruses etc).
14 ATTACHMENT 1
2
IT Applications
There has been little change in activities since the last reporting period for the IT Applications. The team have been largely focused on training, reviewing the ISSP in preparation for the next phase of projects in addition to day to day support. Strong focus remains on the following activities:
• Delivery of E-scribe – final configuration activities are now underway.
• Preparing for the next upgrade of the Technology One Cloud platform.
• Implementing approved KETE changes.
• Rolling out the upgraded Technology One Mobility system with the BuildingConsent team.
• Reviewing the automation of Accounts Payable processing.
• Providing IT support for up-coming end of fiscal year changes and activities.
• Rollout of the District Plan processing functionality in Technology One.
Information and Records
There is a strong focus this month on the final push to implement the Retention and Disposal rules into KETE. This piece of work will ensure WDC compliance with Archive NZ requirements and is a key outcome from the Trilogy programme. Work on this is expected to complete and be ready for implementation in July.
Digitisation of our property files remains a key focus and continues to progress well and to plan. Currently all our building consent files through to code compliance stage are on track to be fully digitised by the end of May.
Other key activities include:
• Ongoing review of how we provide GIS (Graphical Information Services)services to the organisation and wider stakeholders.
• Providing data services for legislative requests – for example boundary/warddata.
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3
Finance
Financial Management
Final adjustments are being made to the budget pack for the 2017/18 Annual Plan. Finance is working through its other deliverables for finalising the Annual Plan.
Planning is in progress for the financial aspects of the LTP.
Planning for this year’s Annual Report is well underway. Audit NZ had their interim visit in the first couple of weeks in May.
The payables process has experienced some pressure in terms of processing over the last few months so resource has been directed at this to ensure that approved payments to suppliers are completed on time.
Revenue and Rates
Work towards finalising the rates ready for the strike in early July is progressing. The Council website will have the ability for ratepayers to view their proposed rates from mid May.
The rates review is underway and various public meetings have been held around the district to gather valuable public feedback for Council to consider.
We continue to see a high volume of property activity in the District, which flows onto settlement statements and database administration.
Procurement
Finalisation of contracts is still to be completed with the selected rating valuation service provider but other planning and process work for handover on 1 August 2017 is well under way.
In addition, we are supporting numerous other procurement processes across Council.
Staff have also begun preparatory work for a planned review of the Procurement Policy.
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4
Communications Key activities this period have been focussed on producing content for the Rates Review public meetings, and the Long Term Plan Early Engagement. Graphics have continued to work on material for the DHL New Zealand Lions Series, Festival of Motorsport – International Rally of Whangarei, Claphams Clocks (Wilkinson Collection) and The Positive Aging Strategy.
Media Relations
Council was approached for comment on the following topics in April:
• Burst watermain on State Highway One near Bunnings (photo caption)
• Freedom Campers at i-Site over Easter
• Slip and drop out on Rauhomaumau Road Tutukaka following storm (this wasan on-going story)
• Flag at Rose Street needed replacing prior to ANZAC day
• Parihaka Monument needed cleaning prior to ANZAC day
• Mayor’s presence at ANZAC day commemorations
• Shutter Room – Love It Here photo competition winners
• Illegal dumping of rubbish at Saleyards Road and in Onerahi
• Pop up café at Bascule park
• Annual Jewel of the City report on use of the Hatea Loop
• National Award for Parihaka lookout
• International Rally of Whangarei
• Fair Trade District
• Boat ramp and stormwater pipe, Bream Bay
• Kensington Avenue to Manse Street roadworks.
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5
People and Capability
Review
Over the last month we have been working on the processes required for the review of the organisation.
Learning and Development
There have been a number of courses run by Laracy Communications on Business Communication and Political Report Writing.
Our participation in the Northland Councils SOLGM Leadership Course has continued.
Governance
Service Delivery Reviews
Since the last report, two further reviews have been completed for approval by the relevant General Manager. These will be reported to the appropriate committee in due course. An external contractor has continued to help complete reviews for some areas.
The steering group are actively engaging with staff to ensure these are a priority, and we are confident reviews are progressing to meet the August 2017 statutory deadline.
Official Information Requests
This month there has been a noticeable increase in official information requests from the New Zealand Taxpayers Union. These requests have been for information on the following:
- spending on tourism and economic development- rating information- spending on advertising- spending on rural fire- membership of the Audit and Risk Committee- Staff code of conduct and requirement for political neutrality- Staff performance- Remuneration of elected members.
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6
Annual Plan and Long Term Plans (LTP)
Annual Plan
The project team have continued to work on ensuring that the plan can be adopted at the 29 June Council meeting. A public briefing has been scheduled on 20 June to review the preliminary document, prior to adoption.
Long Term Plan
We are continuing to prepare the early engagement schedule, based upon the approved engagement plan. The theme for the LTP engagement will be ‘Whangarei: Here to where’. The LTP website is being developed with an external contractor, and it is scheduled to be live in early June. A series of LTP briefings have been scheduled and asset managers are continuing their work on their Asset Management Plans which feed into the LTP process.
Consultation for the proposed Fees and Charges closed at 5pm on 10 May 2017.
Democracy
We operated the first Te Kārearea meeting for the triennium on 19 April, and we held the second public briefing on the elected members code of conduct on 10 May.
Audit
The next internal audit commenced on 15 May which focuses on discretionary expenditure compliance against Council’s Sensitive Expenditure Policy. The recruitment of an independent advisor to the Audit and Risk Committee closed on 10 May, and the delegated panel will hold interviews and make a decision prior to the next Audit and Risk Committee on 28 June.
Delegations
We have commenced the triennial review of the delegations register, to also incorporate changes to the organisational structure. A project team has been formed and has been working with the organisation to ensure the current register is as up to date as possible. We are planning on changing the format of the register so that the delegations from Council to the Chief Executive, and then from the Chief Executive to staff are much clearer than what is provided now. The ability for the Chief Executive to administer the delegations efficiently and effectively will be improved through this process. It is intended that delegations from Council to staff will not change, however, if there are opportunities to improve the delegations, these will be presented to Council for approval with the entire register in June/July. Internally, we are also investigating ways of using our new IT platform to best display the register to make it more useable.
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Maori Liaison and Development
Council Priorities
At the Whangarei District Council Workshop on 13 April 2017 Councillors brainstormed then scored using a points system to prioritise 25 tangible priorities that Council can achieve in the foreseeable future in its relationship with Te Huinga.
According to the ranking system adopted, the following three issues ranked the highest:
1. Effective 2-way communication2. Hihiaua Cultural Centre3. Focus on youth in a joint initiative with the Youth Advisory Group and the
Mayors Taskforce for jobs.
Ture Whenua Bill 126 aims to address inequities in Maori Land law
Currently the Bill is being discussed in the Committee of the Whole House. It will then move to its Third reading and finally the Royal assent is given.
The primary objective of the Ture Whenua reform is to restate and reform the law relating to Maori land.
The primary purpose of the reforms is to keep Maori land in Maori ownership for future generations and supporting owners’ aspirations for their land.
The new legislative powers and a dedicated Maori Land Service will enable Maori landowners to plan for their futures by removing barriers and addressing issues that for years have unfairly alienated owners from their land and restricted the development of Maori land.
The primary changes to the law emphasise the three pou or principles of:
• Taonga tuku iho• Mana motuhake• Whakawhanake
Taonga tuku iho will enhance protections to ensure that the remaining Maori land stays in Maori hands while manamotuhake will provide Maori land owners with greater autonomy to make decisions about their land and whakawhanake will provide better support to land owners to develop their land.
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Other issues being addressed at the same time are:
• The public Works Act 1981• Rating of Maori Land• Family Protection Act 1955• Resource Legislation Amendment Act 2017 (RMA) currently in its
Third Reading stage
The Whangarei District Council will be affected by these changes and will need to collaborate more closely with Hapu/Iwi in the district.
Te Tiriti o Waitangi – Te Paparahi o Te Raki claims process
The hearings are fast approaching its final stages where counsel are wrapping up the finer points that have emerged throughout the entire 22 weeks of hearings.
To date the major issues that have emerged in the Stage 2 inquiry include:
1. Tino rangatiratanga, kawanatanga and autonomy: political engagementbetween Maori and the Crown.
2. The immediate aftermath of the Treaty of Waitangi (in particular the Old LandClaims process 1841 – 1843, scrip and surplus lands, Crown pre-emption, andthe Northern War 1844 – 46.
3. The operation of the Maori Land Court and the alienation of Maori Land in the19th and 20th centuries.
4. The management of Maori land in the twentieth century, including localgovernment and rating, waterways, environment impacts, and public workstakings.
5. Takutai moana/foreshore and seabed.6. Economic development and socioeconomic issues and capability.7. Te reo Maori, wahi tapu, taonga, and tikanga.8. Specific local issues including the Port of Whangarei/Northport, Marsden Point
Refinery, Hauturu (Little Barrier island) and Hato Petera College – sale ofCrown Lands.
Many of the above issues will impact on the Whangarei District Council and this highlights the need for closer and effective 2-way communication with the Hapu/Iwi in the district.
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Finance and Corporate 25 May 2017
5 Service Delivery Review - Legal Services
Reporting officer: Jason Marris (Governance Manager) Date of meeting: 25 May 2017
1 Purpose To provide an overview of the completed service delivery review for legal services
2 Recommendation/s That the Finance and Corporate Committee notes the completed Service Delivery Review for legal services.
3 Background Section 17A of the Local Government Act 2002 requires local authorities to periodically review the way they govern, fund and deliver their services. This means considering alternative ways of providing the service, analysing any of those options that could prove beneficial and providing a recommendation as an outcome of the review.
The first round of these reviews are due to be completed by August 2017.
How is Whangarei District Council meeting this requirement?
1. A steering group was set up to provide structure around the review programme including creating and approving templates to complete the reviews.
2. The steering group reports the programme to the Audit and Risk Committee, who providegovernance oversight.
3. Department managers identified and resourced functional team leads to complete thereviews.
4. Functional leads reviewed each service against a list of selection criteria and whereapplicable completed a service delivery review.
5. Once completed, the reviews are checked and approved by the relevant Group Manager,with oversight by the Steering Group. If required either or both of the below actions taken:
a. If a change to the service delivery model is recommended, the approach will bepresented to the appropriate committee for a decision.
b. If the change requires delegated financial authority then it will also need to go througha full council meeting as per the current procurement policy.
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Finance and Corporate 25 May 2017
4 Overview of the Legal Services Review As Council has functions and powers under many different statutes, legal providers are consistently engaged for advice and guidance. The current model for providing these services is a mix of in-house and external firms and individuals.
The external firms and individuals are engaged on a case by case basis depending on the issue and the expertise required.
Our Service Delivery Review considered the following options for the provision of legal services:
- All in-house and possibly sharing resources with other Councils in the region- Contracting all legal services to an external firm or individual- Council-controlled organisation.
Due to the scale and nature of legal services, as well as the Law Society Rules around in-house counsel (i.e. in-house counsel can only act for its employing Council or its subsidiaries), the CCO model was not considered to be a viable option so was not considered in the review.
The review therefore concentrated on the different functions of Council and whether legal support should be provided in-house or by an external provider. 12 areas of law were reviewed and the table below provides the high-level outcome of the review.
Area of Law Outcome
Local Government Act In-house with external support
Building Act External lawyers supported by in-house
RMA and District Plan External lawyers supported by in-house
Rating External lawyers supported by in-house
Bylaws, Dog Control, Sale of Alcohol More in-house
Construction Act, contracts More in-house
Reserves Act External lawyers supported by in-house
Public Works Act, NZTA (Roading) More in-house
Property More in-house
Mediation External lawyers supported by in-house
Trusts/Societies In-house with external support
Human Resources External lawyers supported by in-house
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Finance and Corporate 25 May 2017
The conclusion from the review is that there should continue to be a mix of in-house and external resource for legal services, but that there are several areas where more in-house resource would provide a better value for money service. The need for further in-house legal resource is being managed through the current organisation restructure.
5 Significance and engagement The decisions or matters of this report do not trigger the significance criteria outlined in Council’s Significance and Engagement Policy, and the public will be informed via report publication on the website.
6 Attachments Legal Services – section 17A Review report
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©The Integral Group Limited, 2017
Whangarei District Council
LGA Section 17A Review
Legal
Workshop Report
Prepared by: Frank Aldridge - Director
26 March 2017
Commercial in Confidence
25 ATTACHMENT 1
WDC LGA Section 17A Review – Legal - Workshop Report 26/03/2017
© The Integral Group Limited, 2017 Commercial In Confidence Page 2 of 36
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 3
2. Local Government Act Section 17(A) Review ............................................................. 4
3. Generic Findings ........................................................................................................... 6
3.1 Local Government Act .................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Building Act ................................................................................................................ 11
3.3 Resource Management Act and District Plan.............................................................. 12
3.4 Local Government Rating ........................................................................................... 13
3.5 Bylaws, Dog Control, Sale of Liquor Act ................................................................... 15
3.6 Construction Act ......................................................................................................... 17
3.7 Reserves Act ................................................................................................................ 19
3.8 Public Works Act, NZTA (Roading) .......................................................................... 20
3.9 Property ....................................................................................................................... 21
3.10 Mediation .................................................................................................................... 23
3.11 Trusts & Societies ....................................................................................................... 24
3.12 Human Resources ........................................................................................................ 26
4. Summary ..................................................................................................................... 27
Appendix One – Background Information ............................................................................ 30
Appendix Two – Briefing Material for Evaluation ............................................................... 33
Appendix 2.1 - In-House Option ........................................................................................... 34
Appendix 2.2 - Council Controlled Organisation .................................................................. 35
Appendix 2.3 - Contractor Model.......................................................................................... 36
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WDC LGA Section 17A Review – Legal - Workshop Report 26/03/2017
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1. Introduction
Introduction Whangarei District Council (WDC) are reviewing the provision of their legal services as per Section 17(A) of the Local Government Act. They have engaged The Integral Group Limited (TIGL) to assist with this process.
WDC uses legal services in most areas of its business. Background information in regard to the legal services provided, who does it and costs are set out in Appendix One.
There are a number of types of legal services, or areas of law, that are provided internally or externally to WDC. These areas of law have been summarised into 12 areas:
� Local Government Act � Building Act � RMA & District Plan � Local Government Act Rating � Bylaws, Dog Control, Sale of Liquor Act � Construction Act, Contracts � Reserves Act � Public Works Act, NZTA (roading) � Property � Mediation � Trusts/Societies � HR.
The process involved running workshops with key staff and this report captures the key findings from the workshops.
The process followed was:
� Initial workshop with key stakeholders to: � provide background � describe the different areas of legal services required by WDC � develop and rank the evaluation criteria for each of the types of
legal services to evaluate the different business models against. � A briefing note was provided to the attendees of the evaluation workshop
that set out the pros and cons for each business model for each evaluation criteria. This is attached as Appendix Two.
� An evaluation workshop involving a wider group of key stakeholders was run to evaluate and score the different business models for each of the type of legal services.
Audience The audience for this note is:
� Jason Marris
� Kathryn Candy
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WDC LGA Section 17A Review – Legal - Workshop Report 26/03/2017
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2. Local Government Act Section 17(A) Review
Group: Strategy and Democracy
Department: Governance
Activity: Legal Services
Activity Scope
There are a number of types of legal services, or areas of law, that are provided internally or externally to WDC. These are:
� Local Government Act � Building Act � RMA & District Plan � Local Government Act Rating � Bylaws, Dog Control, Sale of Liquor Act � Construction Act, Contracts � Reserves Act � Public Works Act, NZTA (roading) � Property � Mediation � Trusts/Societies � HR.
Current Supplier/s
Legal services are currently provided internally or externally by third-party suppliers. These suppliers include:
� Alan Dormer QC � Buddle Findlay � Heaney & Partners � Julian Dawson � Katharine Taurau
� Matt Casey QC � Richard Kettlewell (Sharp
Tudhope) � Simpson Grierson � Thomson Wilson
Continued on next page
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WDC LGA Section 17A Review – Legal - Workshop Report 26/03/2017
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2. Local Government Act Section 17(A) Review, Continued
Business model
When considering the current business model, the following options were identified for comparison. These include:
� In-house:
� WDC doing all the services in-house � Neighbouring councils doing in-house together or one council
providing the services to the others
� Contracting the services out to a third party – various contract models could apply:
� standard service panel of suppliers � one contract for the neighbouring councils
� Council controlled organisation.
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WDC LGA Section 17A Review – Legal - Workshop Report 26/03/2017
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3. Generic Findings
Workshop 1 At the first workshop we identified what the needs and wants were andagreed on several criteria and relative weightings to assist in making decisions about direction for each area of law reviewed.
A complete list of the attributes assigned to these needs and wants is set out in the table below.
Agreed needs and wants
The agreed needs and wants were:
Needs Definition
Health and safety � Compliant
Sustainable and Viable � Stable
� Profitable
� Enduring
Wants Definition
Skills � Best people
� Experience
� Access to Best Practice
Reliable � Reliable
� Consistent
Aligned � Control the alignment with council vision
� Collaborative
Best Value for Investment � Costs
� Innovation
� Value add
Agility and Flexibility � Change
� Legislative and Political
� Weather
� Innovation
Governance, Management and Administration
� Clarity
� Reporting
� Efficient
Continued on next page
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WDC LGA Section 17A Review – Legal - Workshop Report 26/03/2017
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3. Generic Findings, Continued
Findings: Needs
The comparison of needs was carried out across all areas of law and the relevant business models. There was only one need identified and that was: � that the business model needed to be sustainable and viable.
Findings: Wants
There were a set of agreed wants. These were then ranked in order of importance for that each area of law (10 being the highest). The rankings for each area of law are set out in the table below.
Workshop 2
The needs were evaluated and the outcomes were the same for all areas of law.
Needs In-house CCO Contractor Sustainable and Viable Y N Y
The scale of the legal services for WDC would not be sustainable and viable for a CCO to provide legal services to WDC. As such the CCO model was not evaluated at an area of law level.
Scoring The next sections of the report set out the scoring for each area of law.
Continued on next page
Wants/Weighting Skills Reliable Aligned
Best value
for
investment
Agility and
Flexibility
Governance,
Management and
Administration
Local Government
Act 9 10 7 6 8 5
Building Act 10 9 7 6 8 5
RMA & District Plan 8 9 7 6 10 5
Local Government
Act Rating 9 10 7 6 8 5
Bylaws, Dog Control,
Sale of Liquor Act 10 8 7 6 9 5
Construction Act,
Contracts 9 8 7 6 10 5
Reserves Act 9 8 7 6 10 5
Public Works Act,
NZTA (roading) 10 8 7 6 9 5
Property 8 10 7 9 6 5
Mediation 10 9 7 6 8 5
Trust/
Societies 10 8 9 6 7 5
HR 10 9 7 6 8 5
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3. Generic Findings, Continued
Top 3 wants When considering legal services the top 3 criteria shown in the table below
were the same for all areas except Property Services and Trusts and Societies. As such there is a generic comment here supported by specific comments for each area of law. As noted above the different areas of law might rate the criteria slightly differently depending largely on: � how important it is to get the answer right � how specialised the area is � how often you need the resource � how urgent it is when you do need them.
# Want Reason 1. Reliable In most areas it is very important that the legal
advice is sound and protects the council. The advice needs to able to be relied upon as it often sets precedent.
2. Skills Legal services are quite specific and specialist knowledge is important in most areas. The ability to attract and retain this knowledge is an element. Often the skills are associated with the individual person more than who they work for.
3. Agility and Flexibility This is largely in regard to how often you need the particular type of advice, the size of the projects and how urgent they are.
Weighted score
Each area of law was scored across the business models for each criteria. A score out of 10 was allocated – 0 (poor) to 10 (excellent). These were then multiplied by the relative weightings to get a weighted score that could be used to assist with decision making.
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3.1 Local Government Act
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants In this area the top three wants in order were: � reliable � skills � flexibility. The reasons being: � for the types of issues addressed getting the right answer is very important � having the skills to get that right answer was next � having the ability to get advice at short notice was important too, this can
extend to getting back up from external lawyers.
Weighted score
Continued on next page
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Reliable 10 7 70 0 5 50
Skills 9 7 63 0 5 45
Agility and Flexibility 8 7 56 0 7 56
Aligned 7 8 56 0 5 35
Best value for investment 6 7 42 0 5 30
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 7 35 0 7 35
Totals Totals 322 0 251
Local Govt Act In-House CCO Contractor
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3.1 Local Government Act, Continued
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores Reliable The type of law is very council orientated. In-
house legal are doing this type of law on a day to day basis. It is a core part of the in-house service.
Skills There are limited external skills in the area locally. Graham Mathias is the only external resource locally.
Agility and Flexibility
Advice is often required almost immediately, potentially from councillors, so being on hand is important.
Aligned In-house is totally aligned. External could be but would have to be brought up to speed.
Best value for investment
In-house is salaried and better value for money in this area.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Conclusion This area is a hybrid of:
� base work being done in-house � top up or very specialised work being provided by external.
The in-house model should be retained. If there was more internal resource more of this work could be done internally. This would be more cost effective.
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3.2 Building Act
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants In this area the top three wants in order were: � skills � reliable � flexibility. The reasons being: � it was most important to get the right people with the right skills as it is a
very specialist area � for the types of issues addressed getting the right answer is very important
as they can set precedent (leaky buildings) that might have repercussions on the council
� flexibility was more in regard to these being large matters that can take a long time.
Weighted score
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores Skills Specialist area including High Court work, so
external best suited.
Reliable More specialist skills and external able to provide better advice.
Agility and Flexibility
Horsepower available when required from external.
Aligned Equally aligned provided well briefed.
Best value for investment
Higher cost, but high value from external.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Conclusion External lawyers briefed and supported by in-house to make sure of alignment with council objectives.
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Skills 10 4 40 0 8 80
Reliable 9 5 45 0 8 72
Agility and Flexibility 8 5 40 0 7 56
Aligned 7 7 49 0 7 49
Best value for investment 6 5 30 0 7 42
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 7 35 0 7 35
Totals Totals 239 0 334
Building Act In-House CCO Contractor
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3.3 Resource Management Act and District Plan
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants In this area the top three wants in order were: � flexibility � skills � reliable. The reasons being: � need to be able to get them when you need them and large pieces of work � high level of skills with little internal involvement; specialist area where
working with multiple clients adds to experience � for the types of issues addressed getting the right answer is important, but
answers are less black and white.
Weighted score
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores
Agility and Flexibility
Horsepower available when required from external. Large pieces of work.
Reliable Getting robust answers is important, specialist external skills more likely to get it right.
Skills High level of skills with little internal involvement. Specialist area where working with multiple clients adds to experience.
Aligned Equally aligned provided well briefed.
Best value for investment
Higher cost, but high value from external.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Conclusion External lawyers briefed and supported by in-house to make sure of alignment with council objectives.
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Agility and Flexibility 10 5 50 0 8 80
Reliable 9 5 45 0 8 72
Skills 8 5 40 0 8 64
Aligned 7 7 49 0 7 49
Best value for investment 6 5 30 0 8 48
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 7 35 0 7 35
Totals Totals 249 0 348
RMA & District Plan In-House CCO Contractor
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3.4 Local Government Rating
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants In this area the top three wants in order were: � reliable � skills � flexibility. The reasons being: � for the types of issues addressed getting the right answer is very important
as they have impacts on revenue that can’t be recovered in the short term; outcomes can set precedent
� having the skills to get that right answer was next, very specialist skills � having the ability to get advice at short notice was important too, this can
extend to getting back up from external lawyers.
Weighted score
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores Reliable Getting robust answers is important, specialist
external skills more likely to get it right as they are working across the whole sector.
Skills High level of skills with little internal involvement. Specialist area where working with multiple clients in the sector adds to experience.
Agility and Flexibility
Horsepower available when required from external.
Aligned Almost aligned, external might be working in the sector’s interest not just the council’s.
Best value for investment
Higher cost, but high value from external.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Continued on next page
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Reliable 10 5 50 0 8 80
Skills 9 5 45 0 8 72
Agility and Flexibility 8 7 56 0 6 48
Aligned 7 7 49 0 6 42
Best value for investment 6 5 30 0 8 48
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 7 35 0 7 35
Totals Totals 265 0 325
Local Government Act Rating In-House CCO Contractor
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3.4 Local Government Rating, Continued
Conclusion External lawyers briefed and supported by in-house to make sure of alignment with council objectives.
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3.5 Bylaws, Dog Control, Sale of Liquor Act
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants In this area the top three wants in order were: � skills � flexibility � reliable. The reasons being: � some specialist work in regard to gambling and liquor � high volume of smaller matters; so availability is important � right answer is important and usually high visibility for these types of
issues.
Weighted score
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores Skills Slightly in external suppliers’ favour, if more in-
house was available more could be done in-house.
Agility and Flexibility
If the resource was available in-house it would provide greater flexibility in terms of immediate support to smaller matters.
Reliable Equally as reliable.
Aligned Stronger internal alignment. With community responses to these areas being very vocal this is important.
Best value for investment
Could be done more cost effectively in-house if available.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Continued on next page
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Skills 10 6 60 0 7 70
Agility and Flexibility 9 8 72 0 6 54
Reliable 8 7 56 0 7 56
Aligned 7 9 63 0 6 42
Best value for investment 6 8 48 0 6 36
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 7 35 0 7 35
Totals Totals 334 0 293
Bylaws, Dog Control, Sale of
Liquor Act In-House CCO Contractor
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3.5 Bylaws, Dog Control, Sale of Liquor Act, Continued
Conclusion This is an area where more in-house capacity would produce a better outcome and more cost effectively.
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3.6 Construction Act
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants In this area the top three wants in order were: � flexibility � skills � reliable. The reasons being: � small spend, mostly in the Infrastructure and Services area � not required often, therefore on demand flexibility is important � specific types of contracts � reliable answers are important due to the large amounts associated with
these types of contracts.
Weighted score
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores Agility and
Flexibility
Small spend so not a large demand to be filled, in-house and external can provide equally.
Skills External would have more specialist skills.
Reliable Experience from multiple clients means more robust outcomes.
Aligned Equally aligned provided well briefed.
Best value for investment
Neutral balance of costs versus outcomes works out about the same.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Continued on next page
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Agility and Flexibility 10 6 60 0 6 60
Skills 9 5 45 0 7 63
Reliable 8 5 40 0 7 56
Aligned 7 6 42 0 6 42
Best value for investment 6 6 36 0 6 36
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 6 30 0 6 30
Totals Totals 253 0 287
Construction Act In-House CCO Contractor
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3.6 Construction Act, Continued
Conclusion More of this could be done internally if the resource was available.
Early involvement from in-house legal team would be beneficial. The low costs in this area could be that there is not enough early involvement from legal and potential risk might not be being identified.
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3.7 Reserves Act
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted
scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants In this area the top three wants in order were: � flexibility � skills � reliable. The reasons being: � ability to get resources when required; no frequently used area, therefore
on demand flexibility is important � Crown Property Services work in this space – knowledgeable and
specialist � reliable outcomes as visible outcomes.
Weighted score
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores Agility and
Flexibility
Not frequently used, need access quickly when required, therefore external stronger.
Skills Crown Property Services work in this space – knowledgeable and specialist.
Reliable External knowledgeable and specialist. Better outcomes.
Aligned Equally aligned provided well briefed.
Best value for investment
Higher cost, higher value.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Conclusion External model supported by in-house.
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Agility and Flexibility 10 5 50 0 7 70
Skills 9 5 45 0 7 63
Reliable 8 5 40 0 7 56
Aligned 7 7 49 0 7 49
Best value for investment 6 6 36 0 8 48
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 7 35 0 7 35
Totals Totals 255 0 321
Reserves Act In-House CCO Contractor
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3.8 Public Works Act, NZTA (Roading)
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants In this area the top three wants in order were: � skills � flexibility � reliable. The reasons being: � some specialist work in regard to roading and NZTA requirements � process driven so need skills on demand � right answer is important and usually high visibility for these types of
issues.
Weighted score
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores Skills Internal could be as strong as external if there was
additional resource.
Agility and Flexibility
Process driven, so could be done internally if resourced.
Reliable Quality of outcomes is neutral.
Aligned Equally aligned provided well briefed.
Best value for investment
Neutral balance of costs versus outcomes works out about the same.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Conclusion Additional in-house would reduce costs in a process driven area. This could be backed by external support.
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Skills 10 7 70 0 7 70
Agility and Flexibility 9 7 63 0 5 45
Reliable 8 7 56 0 7 56
Aligned 7 7 49 0 7 49
Best value for investment 6 7 42 0 7 42
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 7 35 0 7 35
Totals Totals 315 0 297
Public Works Act, NZTA (roading) In-House CCO Contractor
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3.9 Property
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants When considering legal services for Property, the top 3 wants shown in the table below were deemed most important, and were assigned the highest ranking.
# Want Reason 1. Reliable Getting the right answer is important as it
can set precedent and can be very visible. Specific knowledge of the council’s requirements is important
2. Best value for investment
A lot can be transactional and lower cost options used. Fast turnaround is important.
3. Skills Having access to the right skills is important. Regular work.
Weighted score
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores
Reliable Specific institution knowledge held in-house is important.
Best value for investment
A lot can be transactional and lower cost options used with in-house team.
Skills In-house have appropriate skills.
Aligned Equally aligned provided well briefed.
Agility and Flexibility
Resourced in-house model would be more on demand.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Continued on next page
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Reliable 10 8 80 0 6 60
Best value for investment 9 8 72 0 6 54
Skills 8 8 64 0 6 48
Aligned 7 7 49 0 7 49
Agility and Flexibility 6 8 48 0 6 36
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 7 35 0 7 35
Totals Totals 348 0 282
Property In-House CCO Contractor
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3.9 Property, Continued
Conclusion This is an area that could be done largely in-house with support from external.
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3.10 Mediation
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted
scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants In this area the top three wants in order were: � skills � flexibility � reliable. The reasons being: � some specialist work in regard to roading and NZTA requirements � process driven so need skills on demand � right answer is important and usually high visibility for these types of
issues.
Weighted score
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores Skills Highly skilled specialists – external has better
access to.
Reliable Specialist skills to deliver required outcomes.
Agility and Flexibility
Needed on as required basis. Large volumes of work on specific matters.
Aligned Equally aligned provided well briefed.
Best value for investment
High cost, high value.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Conclusion Largely external as the high workloads and specialist skills for this type of work mean that there isn’t internal capacity.
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Skills 10 4 40 0 9 90
Reliable 9 4 36 0 9 81
Agility and Flexibility 8 4 32 0 9 72
Aligned 7 6 42 0 6 42
Best value for investment 6 4 24 0 9 54
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 7 35 0 7 35
Totals Totals 209 0 374
Mediation In-House CCO Contractor
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3.11 Trusts & Societies
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted
scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants When considering legal services for Trusts & Societies, the top 3 wants shown in the table below were deemed most important, and were assigned the highest ranking.
# Want Reason 1. Skills This is a very council specific and political area. The
council knowledge is important.
2. Aligned The strong political aspect means that a stronger than normal alignment is required.
3. Reliable The outcomes need to be robust with governance being a significant factor to keep public integrity high.
Weighted score
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores Skills This is a very council specific and political area.
The council knowledge is important and in-house is stronger in this area.
Aligned In-house has stronger alignment with the political drivers.
Reliable Specific in-house knowledge and institutional knowledge means more robust outcomes.
Agility and Flexibility
Immediate access to in-house services by politicians gives in-house greater flexibility.
Best value for investment
Internal costs balanced with stronger outcomes means in-house is stronger.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Continued on next page
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Skills 10 7 70 0 5 50
Aligned 9 7 63 0 6 54
Reliable 8 7 56 0 5 40
Agility and Flexibility 7 7 49 0 5 35
Best value for investment 6 7 42 0 5 30
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 7 35 0 7 35
Totals Totals 315 0 244
Trust/Societies In-House CCO Contractor
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3.11 Trusts & Societies, Continued
Conclusion This is an area that should be in-house with external support to meet demand.
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3.12 Human Resources
Introduction This section compiles the results of the wants, their ranking and weighted
scores, comment, and conclusion.
Top 3 wants In this area the top three wants in order were: � skills � reliable � flexibility. The reasons being: � it is important that the specialist skills are provided, and often need to be
from outside the area to avoid conflicts of interest � for the types of issues addressed getting the right answer is very important
as they can set precedent and reputational damage � flexibility also about avoiding conflicts of interest, work is on demand and
irregular.
Weighted score
Comments Comments in regard to the comparative scores are:
Wants Rationale for Scores Skills External has specific specialist skills and ability to
avoid conflicts.
Reliable Specialist knowledge gained across a lot of clients provides better outcomes.
Agility and Flexibility
Ability to get external advice on infrequent basis. External is better for avoiding conflicts.
Aligned Equally aligned provided well briefed.
Best value for investment
High cost, high value.
Governance, Management and Administration
Same for in-house versus external. Law firms on the whole are very customer focused and easy to manage. They survive by serving clients.
Conclusion This area should largely be external with internal support.
Wants Rankings Scores Weighted Scores Weighted Scores Weighted
Skills 10 5 50 0 7 70
Reliable 9 5 45 0 7 63
Agility and Flexibility 8 5 40 0 7 56
Aligned 7 7 49 0 7 49
Best value for investment 6 5 30 0 7 42
Governance, Management
and Administration 5 7 35 0 7 35
Totals Totals 249 0 315
HR In-House CCO Contractor
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4. Summary
Introduction There are some specific objectives that relate to procuring legal services, internally and externally:
� that WDC has a high level of confidence in the advice that it gets
� the appropriate advice and work is done for WDC
� the model and lawyers are the best value for money
� WDC is not captured by institutional knowledge
� lawyers are used in an efficient way - get it once, get it right
� the process doesn’t become the problem by getting in the way of delivering what the business needs – slowing down the process or becoming a bottleneck
� the process and model are open and transparent.
Outcomes The key outcome from this review is that there are a number of areas where more in-house resource would provide a better value for money service. These are set out in the table below. Some additional cost modelling would need to be done to fulfil a business case for additional internal legal staff.
Area Comments
Local Government Act Internal with external support
Building Act External lawyers supported by in-house
RMA & District Plan External lawyers supported by in-house
Local Government Act Rating External lawyers supported by in-house
Bylaws, Dog Control, Sale of Liquor Act
More in-house
Construction Act, Contracts More in-house
Reserves Act External lawyers supported by in-house
Public Works Act, NZTA (roading)
More in-house
Property More in-house
Mediation External lawyers supported by in-house
Trusts/Societies Internal with external support
HR External lawyers supported by in-house
Continued on next page
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4. Summary, Continued
Other key points
There are a few other areas where I think there needs to be attention in regard to this business model. These are:
� There are potentially areas of the business that are not getting early legal advice that could have a potential for greater cost further down the track if things go wrong.
� Having decided what the mix of internal versus external skills are there
needs to be an engagement model developed going forward to make sure that requests for legal services are being allocated to the right supplier (internal or external and if external which one). Also that these are costed properly.
� There also needs to be a system set up to manage matters and advice in an
efficient and effective way.
Engagement model
The current law firm engagement model is not well controlled. In-house legal only has visibility of about 50% of the work allocated to law firms. In a lot of cases the business allocates work to law firms directly. What this means is:
� some of the work could be done in-house more cost effectively � issues that should have gone to a lawyer aren’t addressed properly
(business not aware of true risks) � there could be duplication of advice � costs could run away � no overall visibility of costs, quality and performance of law firms � WDC has no overall view of legal matters and risk, there is no single
database of matters.
Engagement model
There are some key decisions that need to be made with respect to the engagement model:
� how matters will be logged and tracked � a gatekeeper role to manage matters � external panel composition � how work is allocated to the panel.
Continued on next page
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4. Summary, Continued
Other councils
Another point for consideration is whether there is potential to share services with the other councils in the region. This would need to be workshopped with those councils to:
� develop the objectives of the shared services model � develop needs and wants to evaluate different options against � develop options � review the options against the needs and wants criteria and weightings.
A Right Track Workshop (model that we have developed to start projects and have used many times with WDC) would be the ideal way to start that review.
The areas where this might provide benefits are those where there are peaks and troughs in demand, and where these could be offset with the other councils. This would be for the areas where it makes sense to have it in-house, but there isn’t the volume for one council alone to warrant it.
There are also issues to consider:
� where would the resource reside? � who employed by? � how is work logged and tracked? � how are allocation decisions made? � how are prioritisation decisions made? � would this slow the process down?
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Appendix One – Background Information
Background Information
Description of all the services and how they are currently delivered.
Area Services How delivered
$ Who delivers?
Who could deliver?
Governance Local Government Act
General Advice
Local Government Official Information and Meetings Act
Elected Members
In-house
External
� 13/14: $21,576 (TW)
� 14/15: $10,897 (TW $5907, SG $4990)
� 15/16: $14,288 (TW)
Total: $46,761
Thomson Wilson
Simpson Grierson
Matt Casey QC
Building Building Act In-house
External
� 13/14: $42,988 � 14/15: $95,689 � 15/16: $208,374 � 16/17: $114,794
Julian Dawson
Heaney & Partners
Richard Kettlewell (Sharp Tudhope)
Thomson Wilson
Resource Consents
Resource Management Act
External 13/14: $57,384
14/15: $46,649
15/16: $54,746
16/17: $57,858
Total: $216,637
Julian Dawson
Thomson Wilson
Simpson Grierson
Customer Services
General Advice In-house
Finance Local Government (Rating) Act
Remission/
Postponement policies
General Advice
In-house
External
� 13/14: $10,724 � 14/15: $16,709 � 15/16: $18,429 � 16/17: $34,842
Total: $80,704
Simpson Grierson
Thomson Wilson
Buddle Findlay
Planning and Policy
District Plan
Resource Management Act
External � 13/14: $46,103 � 14/15: $139,357 � 15/16: $236,834 � 16/17: $66,862
Total: $489,156
Thomson Wilson
Continued on next page
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Appendix One – Background Information, Continued
Area Services How delivered
$ Who delivers?
Who could deliver?
Regulatory Services
Bylaws
Dog Control Act
Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act
In-house
External
� 13/14: $66,001 � 14/15: $69,666 � 15/16: $64,412 � 16/17: $55,676
Total: $255,755
Thomson Wilson
Julian Dawson
Alan Dormer QC
Infrastructure Projects & Support
Construction Contracts Act
Contract advice
In-house
External
13/14: $7738
14/15: $9642
15/16: $480
16/17: $2370
Total:$20,230
Thomson Wilson
Simpson Grierson
Parks Reserves Act
Property advice
In-house
External
� 13/14: $17,252 � 14/15: $17,938 � 15/16: $21,898 � 16/17: $5,730
Total: $62,818
Thomson Wilson
Libraries Contracts In-house
External
� 14/15: $793 � 15/16: $1543
Total: $2336
Thomson Wilson
Water Local Government Act
In-house
External
� 14/15: $2029 � 15/16: $5997
Total: $8,026
Thomson Wilson
Heaney & Partners
Water & Drainage
Local Government Act
� 13/14: $61,469 � 14/15: $20,274 � 15/16: $5,823 � 16/17: $195,848
Total: $283,414
Katharine Taurau
Thomson Wilson
Roading LGA ‘74
Public Works Act
NZTA
External � 13/14: $21,708 � 14/15: $38,619 � 15/16: $3,630 � 16/17: $80,763
Total: $144,720
Thomson Wilson
Simpson Grierson
Maori LGA
RMA
Continued on next page
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Appendix One – Background Information, Continued
Area Services How delivered
$ Who delivers?
Who could deliver?
Property Leases/licences
Contracts
Mediations
External
In-house
� 13/14: $95,111 � 14/15: $42,238 � 15/16: $22,269 � 16/17: $251,632
Total: $411,250
Thomson Wilson
Liam Macintagert
Wayne Peters
Marsden Woods
(these could be fees passed on)
Information Services
Contracts
Public Records Act
In-house
Economic Development
Contracts
Trusts
In-house
External
� 13/14: $8,864 � 14/15: $1556
Thomson Wilson
District Promotions & Tourism
Contracts
In-house
Community Services
Trusts/Societies In-house
External
� 16/17: $3060
Total: $3060
Thomson Wilson
Venues & Events
Contracts In-house
External
� 14/15: $744
Total: $744
Thomson Wilson
Human Resources
Disputes
Contracts
External � 13/14: $71,759 � 14/15: $97,109 � 16/17: $2801
Total: $171,669
Simpson Grierson
Marsden Woods Inskip and Smith
Organisational Management
CEO review
Harbour Board building – Mayoralty issues
External � 13/14: $12,738 � 14/15: $24,720 � 15/16: $5,396
Total: $42,854
Thomson Wilson
Positive Growth
15/16: $423
16/17: $4262
Total: $4,685
Thomson Wilson
Council Buildings
� 14/15: $300 � 15/16: $9,275 � 16/17: $926
Total: $10,501
Webb Ross
Thomson Wilson
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Appendix Two – Briefing Material for Evaluation
Business model
There are various options that the council could apply. There are also variants for the different options. These include: � In-house:
� WDC doing all the services in-house � Neighbouring councils doing in-house together or one council
providing the services to the others. � Contracting the services out to a third party – various contract models
could apply:
� standard service contract – like current � one contract for the neighbouring councils.
� Council controlled organisation. The following sections will provide comments in regard to the different business models for each of the criteria.
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Appendix 2.1 - In-House Option
In-House Area Pros Cons
Sustainable
� Enduring � Stable
� Profitable
� Council shouldn’t go into liquidation
� More potential for political interference
� Council might have greater costs which may have to be passed on to rate-payers
� Retaining staff issues � Doesn’t necessarily
deliver levels of service
Skills
� Best people � Experience � Access to Best
Practice
� Retain institutional knowledge
� Would have to recruit staff
� Key staff leave, the council is responsible for the gap
� Harder to attract specialist skills to country towns
� May not have specialist skills
� Key people risks � Harder to get rid of non-
performing staff � Don’t have the same
access to specialist skills (as a contractor does)
Reliable and consistent
� Council has control of staff
� Retaining staff issues � Not the same
commercial drivers on performance
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Appendix 2.2 - Council Controlled Organisation
CCO Area Pros Cons
Sustainable
� Enduring � Stable
� Profitable
� Will be enduring if run well and profitable
� Less political interference
� Can earn a profit
� Has ability to go into liquidation
� Harder to get rid of them as a supplier if not performing
Skills
� Best people � Experience � Access to Best
Practice
� Retain institutional knowledge provided they remain the supplier
� Can leverage skills by doing business for other councils
� May get better people on the Board
� Key staff leave, the CCO is responsible for the gap
� Potentially harder to attract specialist skills to country towns
� May not have specialist skills
� Will have to find and attract new staff to set up
� High reliance on key people
� Also have to find good Governance people
Reliable and consistent
� Will be reliable if run well and profitable
� Less political interference
� Has ability to go into liquidation
� Harder to get rid of them as a supplier if not performing
� Doesn’t necessarily have better performance
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Appendix 2.3 - Contractor Model
Contractor Area Pros Cons
Sustainable
� Enduring � Stable
� Profitable
� Will be enduring if run well and profitable
� Fair pricing and contract required
� Has ability to go into liquidation
� Longer term contract required for greater stability and investment
Skills
� Best people � Experience � Access to Best
Practice
� Contractor’s core business
� Can leverage off skills across whole organisation
� Can attract staff into town as part of progression path
� Contractor responsible for finding and retaining staff to meet performance standards
� Contractor can bring innovation and improvements
� Professional development greater
� Responsible for all HR aspects
� Key management may be out of town
� Council might lose institutional knowledge
Reliable and consistent
� Will be reliable if run well and profitable
� Less political interference
� If right contractual model then incentivised to be consistently good
� May have more commercial drivers
� Might perform poorly if wrong contractual model
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