final.MRI.docx

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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTANCY

MAJOR IN MARKETING AND ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT

The Effects of Changing Packaging

from Plastic to Paper Bag Materials on Consumers

in Dasmarinas, Cavite

A Marketing Research Presented To

Ms. Zeny J. LontocDirector, GSB, CBAA, DLSU-D

In Partial Fulfillment in the Requirements

In Marketing Research I

Researched By:

Alfelor, DanaeClemente, Bernadette Grace N.

Macam, Ma. Fatima M.

MKA

June 2013


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page i

Table of Contents ii

Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 3-4

A. Review of Related Literature 4-11B. Conceptual Framework 12C. Statement of the Problem/Objective of the Study 12-13D. Hypothesis 13-14E. Significance of the Study 14-15F. Scope and Limitations 1G. Definition of Terms 1

Chapter II. METHODOLOGY

A. Time and Place of the Study 20B. Sources of Data/Sample Size 20-23C. Research Instrument 23-24D. Research Design 24-26

III. Results and Discussions 27-40

IV. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 41-43

V. References 44

VI. Appendix 45-46


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INTRODUCTION

Because of plastic bags we experience incessant flooding due to clogged

waterways, drainage and esteros and its impact on majority of poor Filipinos. As these

bags decay for hundred years, they accumulate landfills that become source of sickness

and pollution. But consumers, regarding their shopping and factories, regarding their

production favour plastic bags as they are durable, flexible and cheap.

Now that the implementation of Plastic Ban in the Philippines is present, this

research studies what are the effects of shifting from plastic bags to paper bags and other

eco-friendly materials as packaging of products. On August 3, 2011, the House of

Representatives approved HB 4840 or the Plastic Regulation Act of 2011. This

legislation would require the phase out of non-biodegradable plastic bags within three

years and the placement of a plastic bag recovery bin at each store or cluster of stores.

The research aims to solve the issue of which the consumers favour and what are

the factors that affect their behaviour specifically.

The group gathered data from the municipalities of Cavite to know the usage rate

of plastics or waste materials of each municipality. The group also made use of internet,

articles and books for secondary data. For primary data, the researchers will conduct

Survey and Focus Group Discussion among students of De La Salle University

Dasmarinas to have feedbacks accessible for the researchers.

The sampling method to be used is cluster sampling. The research design will be

descriptive and the results will be analysed using statistical method.


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The group hypothesized that the result will be accurate enough as the scope and

limitation bound the research according to the need of the study and that it predicted, as

evidence suggest, that consumers favour using eco-friendly materials rather than plastic

because of its benefits to the majority of the people.

A. Review of Related Literature

Change is the only thing that is constant. That is why every company should be

ready and prepared for innovation when time for changes arises. One of the revolutions

that are starting is the appreciation on the value of becoming an environmentalist not only

as a manufacturer but also as a consumer. Going green is not a fresh idea it has been

implemented before according to Wikipedia Encyclopedia

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_marketing) The term Green Marketing came into

prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Now that its the 21st century the society

has been once again realized that our environment is everyone business.

Plastic Production

To produce 1kg plastic we need 2kg oil equivalent for material and energy use

during production. Global plastic production in year 2006 is about 245 million tonnes.

(Plastic Europe Market Research Group, 2007) Only five percent of oil consumption

Most plastic bags are made of polyethylene. Plastic recycling in city/ urban areas has

proven to be difficult. Different than glass, paper and metals, which are easier to process,


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mechanically, it is often labor intensive and cost intensive (not cost effective) to sort

plastic waste.

According to Integrated Waste Management Authority. (2012). Impact of Plastic.

Retrieved from http://www.iwma.com/programs-events/Impact%20of%20 Plastic. html.

The number of disposable bags used in Calif. exceeds 14 billion annually. A study in

1997 showed 58% of Americans prefer paper to plastic, yet a report from Film and Bag

Federation found that 4 out of 5 grocery bags used are plastic. Almost no plastic grocery

bags have any recycled content. In contrast, paper bags typically have 25-40% or even

60% recovered paper fiber.

Californians use over 19 billion plastic grocery bags and merchandise bags each

year, roughly 552 bags per person, generating 147,038 tons of unnecessary waste, enough

to stretch around the globe over 250 times.

Environmental Effects

Mason, K. (2009, June17). Effects Of Plastic On The Environment Revealed.

University News Centre. Retrieved from

http://www.plymouth.ac.uk/pages/view.asp?page=26783. The Society continues to

profit on numerous benefits plastic products have brought such as applications in

medicine, electronics and energy saving parts in cars and aeroplanes. Though, the main

use of plastics is for disposable items of packaging which are typically discarded within a

year of production. As a consequence of the durability of plastics and their disposable

usage, plastic waste is rapidly accumulating landfill. Papers in the volume show that

natural habitats from the poles to the equator have also become contaminated with large,


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the increased energy that is required to make paper bags will also have a negative

environmental effect.

Advantages of using Plastic bags

Supermarkets push plastic bags, because they cost them about half of what a

paper bag costs and because they are so light they are cheaper to transport. Grocery bags

are at the top of their operating expenses so they have jumped at the chance to cut costs

there and push use of plastic over paper.

This have proven that the mentality of the manufacturer is whatever the cost on

the environment as long as they will gain much more profit the use of plastics will be

acceptable.

According to Roach, J (2003). National Geographic News. Are Plastic Grocery Bags

Sacking the Environment?, The "paper or plastic" challenge that vexed earnest shoppers

throughout the 1980s and 90s is largely moot today. Most grocery store baggers don't

bother to ask anymore. They drop the bananas in one plastic bag as they reach for another

to hold the six-pack of soda. The pasta sauce and noodles will get one too, as will the dish

soap.

Plastic bags are so cheap to produce, sturdy, plentiful, easy to carry and store that

they have captured at least 80% of the grocery and convenience store market since they

were introduced a quarter century ago, according to the Arlington, Virginia-based

American Plastics

Although there are considerable benefits on using plastics for the manufacturer there are

still substantial negative implications on the environment because of it. . Plastics are


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generally lighter than paper, thus easier and less costly to transport after production,

means less fuel.

Disadvantages of using Plastic Bags

There are estimated 300 million plastic bags end up in the Atlantic Ocean and this

is a big dilemma. These bags are very dangerous for sea life, especially those of the

mammal variety. It is dangerous for a hunting animal to eat a piece of plastic. Needless

deaths from plastic bags are increasing every year.

Porpoises are the most common victim. Because they eat sea nettles and jelly fish

they are the most likely to mistake the plastic bag for food. If they survive the swallowing

of the bag, it is unlikely that they are able to continue with normal digestion and thus

eventually die a slow and painful death from toxicity or intestinal blockage. As one

species begins to die off at an abnormal rate, every other living organism in the waterway

is impacted. There are either too many or too few and changes within the environment

continue to kill off yet more organisms.

Because it also takes hundred years for the average plastic bags to decay, every

bag that ends up in the woodlands of the country threatens the natural progression of

wildlife. Because the break down rate is so slow the chances that the bag will harmlessly

go away are extremely lean. These plastic bags are responsible for suffocation deaths of

woodland animals as well as inhibiting soil nutrients.

The huge litter in the land that is made up of plastic bags has likely to kill over

and over again. It has been estimated that one bag has the potential to unintentionally kill

one animal per every three months due to unintentional digestion or inhalation. If you


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consider the number of littered plastic bags ranges from 1.5 million to 3 million

depending on location, this equals a lot of ecosystem sustaining lives lost.

Substitutes for Plastic Bags

Reusable plastic bags are being introduced to regions that want to outlaw the

plastic bag altogether. These are stronger and more durable and can be used for three to

five trips to the store.

Evidently, the reusable cloth bag is fast becoming a favorite among environmental

supporters. While thus far no bag is without its issues these are the bags that are currently

advised and recommended for use to help protect environmental security and concerns.

Because of many concerns there are many manufacturers that now prefer the use

paper bags instead of plastic bags. According to Croswell, J. (2010), from article

Advantages of Using Paper Bags Instead of Plastic Bags, paper bags are made of natural

resources, which allow them to be broken down by the elements notwithstanding over a

long time. Plastic bags are not biodegradable and can fill up landfills, costing cities as

much as 17 cents per disposal of each bag, according to Money Central. Recycling plastic

bags is an alternative, but the costs can be unreasonable. As of 2010, it can cost $4,000 to

recycle one ton of plastic bags, which is resold to stores for $32, according to Squawk

Fox.

Of course each product is promoting its own benefits and goodness. There are

always advantages and disadvantages of each product.


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Paper Production

Paper production is one of the most polluting industries since it involves lots of

chemicals and uses relatively a lot of water and energy. Recycling paper needs also a lot

of energy and chemicals because old papers have to be cleaned, de-ink, etc. Recycled

papers need usually 60-80% paper waste, and the rest would be new materials. New

materials in this case are often virgin pulp, originally from three. According to Bekaze.

(2011). Are We Saving Earth by Banning Plastic Bag. Hubpages. Retrieved from

http://bekaze.hubpages.com/hub/Wrong-Perception-about-Plastic-Bag/

Plastic Ban in the Philippines

With Filipinos facing dilemmas on how to live a plastic free live. The government

have implemented on some cities plastic ban campaign. The first local government unit to

ban plastics in Metro Manila, Muntinlupa City has been plastic free since January 1,

2011. According to its Ordinance 10-109, it prohibits all business establishments from

using, offering, and selling plastic bags as primary or secondary packing materials for dry

and wet goods. This ordinance also includes polystyrene foams usually used as containers

in fast food chains.

The city follows a no-plastic policy. Since its implementation, 1,400

establishments have been issued tickets and seven have committed violations at least four

times, facing closure of their businesses. Violators are fined P500, P1,000, and P2,500 for

the first, second, and third offense respectively. Imprisonment and suspension or

cancellation of business permits are upon the discretion of the court.


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Government officials are currently studying how to further improve this ordinance

by adding more fines or incentives for a higher compliance rate. Being the first city to

impose a plastic ban in Metro Manila, it has triggered a domino effect on other LGU's.

Aside from Muntinlupa City, the local government unit of Las Pias, Pasig, Quezon City,

Pasay and Other Metro Manila Cities are also implementing plastic ban in their respected

areas. Dezalyx. (2012). List of Metro Manila Cities Where Plastic Ban is implemented.

Hubpages. Retrieved from http://dezalyx.hubpages.com/hub/List-of-Philippine-Cities-

Where-Plastic-Ban-is-Implemented

There is also a department in Philippines that is designated in the packaging society

the PIP stands for the Packaging Institute of the Philippines. It is a national association of

users, manufacturers, and suppliers of packaging materials and services. PIP was founded

by 31 charter members in March 1967 and was registered in March 20, 1975 with the

Securities and Exchange Commission as a non-stock, non-profit corporation. Their

objective is to promote the recognition of Packaging as a science and as a profession and

to stimulate good packaging consciousness in the industry and among consumers; To

undertake the promotion of research and development of packaging and package design.

To promote the establishment acceptable basic standards for the packaging industry.

Packaging Institute of the Philippines. (2011). Retrieved from http://phil-packaging.org/#.


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What is the preferred packaging, Plastic or Paper bag (any eco-friendly materials)of the students from De La Salle UniversityDasmarias?

Are the students aware for the implemented law regarding the usage of plastic andpaper bag in their city/town? And when does the need for shift from plastic to

paper bag exist?

What are the effects of the change of packaging of most products from plastic toeco-friendly materials? The group also formulated sub-questions such as: What

are the advantages and disadvantages of using eco-friendly materials? Which will

they be in favour of and why? What are the factors they consider in preferring

packages of products? How often do they use plastic and/or paper bags?

Do the students consider buying eco-friendly bags or bring their own bag whenpurchasing?

When the students do wants to use Plastic and Paper packaging in differentplaces?

Objective of the Study

The researchers aim to get the insights and point of view of the students regardingto their usage of Plastic and Paper bag or any eco material product for packaging.

And theyre preferably to use in day to day activity.

To know if the students are aware enough and concern for the environmentalproblem that cause different phenomena. That related to the governments

implemented laws.


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To recognize the causes why the students from De La Salle University Dasmarias preferred a particular packaging and to consider the disadvantages of

each bags.

The students target to discern if considering buying an eco-friendly bags or bringtheir own bag when purchasing is their option.

To identify the usage rate of Plastic and Paper bag in different places and indifferent instances.

D. Hypotheses

There is a big significance to know and identify the preferred use of Plastic bags

and Paper bags in the environment. It is predicted that the consumers will be very much

affected by the shift from plastic bags to eco-friendly bags as packaging of their

purchased products. Most of them will be treat this change as advantageous as it is more

helpful to the environment. For them, it will be hassle to use not durable and expensive

bags like paper bags and plastic cases or boxes for shopping but the benefit of saving the

future generations lives is what will matter. They will become fully aware of the fact that

plastics will decay in hundreds of years and are not good for their health.

It is also hypothesized that the production of plastic bags will be lessen and soon

will be out in production industry as regulated by the government. There will be cleaner

society for the citizens of Cavite and in other places as the pollution will be lessen.


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Sickness and other hazard that threatens mans life due to chemicals produce by plastics

will also decrease resulting a harmonious living to human.

The participants will be most likely to respond positively with the questions that

will be asked to them as they are fully aware and in current experience of the problem.

There will be lists of substantial emotions coming from them regarding their feelings or

problems they have regarding the topic.

Our study indicates that the above hypotheses are more likely occur as the

researchers consider factors that involves regarding the topic and may affect every

valuable response of the participants.

E. Significance of the StudyThe research is significant to the researchers as it suggest ways of promoting

importance to human life, especially knowing the illnesses that may come from the

chemical contents of plastic bags and the pollution they create. It conceives awareness of

every individual.

De La Salle University - Dasmarinas will benefit in this study because the

institution may come up with ways how to help the environment more as DLSUD is the

university has been heralded Regional Champion in the Search for the Sustainable and

Eco-friendly Schools 2009 by the Department of Education, Department of Environment

and Natural Resources (DENR), Environmental Management Bureau, Commission on

Higher Education and Smart Communications. And in fact, DLSUD is the greenest


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school in the Philippines. It may regulate more efficiently the no plasticcampaign in

the school premises with the use of this study as it tackles factors and effects to DLSUD

students who are also consumers.

This research is of significance to the realms of business industry especially to

the plastic-producing-companies, to the community of Cavite and to the consumers

residing in. The research may state that changing of plastics to eco-friendly products is a

big help to the community, consumers and especially on the environment as to the

benefits and advantages stated in the study.

It will help the consumers to fully understand what the benefits of this change are

so that they will not focus just on the negative side of having paper bags and a like that

are not as durable and cheap as plastic bags.

This may be a reference for future studies on topics about environment,

packaging, and consumer behaviour.

F. Scope and Limitations

The study will discuss the current situation of plastic usage rate in Cavite as it is

where the study focuses, specifically students of De La Salle University - Dasmarinas. It

will cover the effects of the change from plastic bags to eco-friendly bags whether it is

beneficial or not, more costly or cheaper and other feedback from them. The researchers

will make use of the laws and regulations of the Philippine government regarding the

topic to know the symptoms and causes of it. The basis of the study is restricted because


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the information regarding the implementation of the no plastic campaign is new to the

country and only few studies are obtainable as sources.

The research will be bounded to the desired number of participants as the

generalization of members belonging to Cavite. The research will be limited to the extent

of the response of the participants as students that will be involved in the study and also

to the data currently available in the articles, internet, and books as the authors have

studied. It is bound to the accuracy of numbers present in the sources and the accuracy of

answers of the respondents in any way they are asked. The research will be more of the

qualitative analysis of the data gathered rather than the quantitative because the group is

looking at the effects to every consumers of Cavite in a narrative way or in according to

their experience of using plastic bags.

The researchers used the English language and considered Filipino in doing this

research since this language is universal and now commonly used as a means of

communication even it is oral or in written form.

G. Definition of TermsBacteri al Decayis the decomposition of organic matter.

Ban(law) is a decree that prohibits something, sometimes a form of censorship.

Chemical Substance is a form of matter that has constant chemical

composition and characteristic properties. It cannot be separated into components by

physical separation methods, i.e. without breaking chemical bonds. It can be solid, liquid,

gas, or plasma.


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Consumeris a person or group of people who are the final users of products and

or services generated within a social system. A consumer may be a person or group, such

as a household. The concept of a consumer may vary significantly by context, although a

common definition is an individual who buys products or services for personal use and

not for manufacture or resale.

Costis the value of money that has been used up to produce something, and hence

is not available for use anymore. In business, the cost may be one of acquisition, in which

case the amount of money expended to acquire it is counted as cost. In this case, money

is the input that is gone in order to acquire the thing. This acquisition cost may be the

sum of the cost of production as incurred by the original producer, and further costs of

transaction as incurred by the acquirer over and above the price paid to the producer.

Disposable(also called disposable product) is a product designed for a single use

after which it is recycled or is disposed as solid waste. The term often implies cheapness

and short-term convenience rather than medium to long-term durability. The term is also

sometimes used for products that may last several months (ex. disposable air filters) to

distinguish from similar products that last indefinitely (ex. washable air filters).

Eco-friendly/enviromentally-friendly (also nature friendly, and green) are

ambiguous terms used to refer to goods and services, laws, guidelines and policies

claimed to inflict reduced, minimal, or no harm at all, upon ecosystems or the

environment. Companies sometimes use these terms to make environmental marketing

claims when promoting goods and services, for example with eco-labels. Doing so is

sometimes referred to as green washing.


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Ecosystemis a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in

conjunction with the non-living components of their environment (things like air, water

and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are

regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are

defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and

their environment, they can come in any size but usually encompass specific, limited

spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).

Green Marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be

environmentally safe. Thus green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities,

including product modification, changes to the production process, packaging changes, as

well as modifying advertising. Yet defining green marketing is not a simple task where

several meanings intersect and contradict each other; an example of this will be the

existence of varying social, environmental and retail definitions attached to this term.

Packagingis the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products

for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design,

evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated

system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use.

Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells.

Plasticis any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are

mouldable. Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often

contain other substances. They are usually synthetic, most commonly derived from

petrochemicals, but many are partially natural.


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METHODOLOGY

A. Time and Place of the Study

The researchers conducted the study at De La Salle University-Dasmarias and

gathered sources at the library. The questionnaires prepared will be equally distributed to

different colleges during vacant time. Every week, the group makes sure to meet up and

make a conversation about the research. With the use of high technology like Facebook,

the researchers maintained their discussion and have monitored each member regarding

the tasks assigned to them to fully achieve the development of the information that they

needed.

B. Sources of Data/Sample Size

Calculating the Sample Size

The sample size, in this case, refers to the number of students to be included in the

survey.

Step 1: Base Sample-size Calculation

The appropriate sample size for a population-based survey is determined largely by

three factors: (i) the estimated prevalence of the variable of interestusers of plastic

bags, (ii) the desired level of confidence and (iii) the acceptable margin of error.

For a survey design based on a simple random sample, the sample size required can be

calculated according to the following formula.


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Formula:

n= t x p(1-p)

m

Description:

n = required sample size

t = confidence level at 95% (standard value of 1.96)

p = estimated prevalence of number of students

m = margin of error at 5% (standard value of 0.05)

Calculation:

n= 1.96 x .9(1-.9).05

n = 3.8416 x .09.0025

n = .345744.0025

n = 138.2976 ~ 139

To further estimate, the group will survey 140 students.

Step 2: Design Effect

The anthropometric survey is designed as a cluster sample (a representative selection

of villages), not a simple random sample. To correct for the difference in design, the

sample size is multiplied by the design effect (D).

The design effect is generally assumed to be 7 surveys using cluster-sampling

methodology.


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Example

n D = 140 7 = 20

Step 3: Contingency

The sample is further increased by 5% to account for contingencies such as non-

response or recording error.

Example

n + 5% = 20 x 1.05 = 21

Step 4: Distribution of Observations

Finally, the calculation result is rounded down to the number that matches well with

the number of clusters (7 colleges) to be surveyed.

Final Sample Size: N = 20 students per college total of 170.

The researcher used primary and secondary data. They formulate a survey-

questionnaire regarding the effects of changing packaging from plastic to eco-friendly

materials to consumers. Through the use of survey, researchers able to know the insights

of the 140 students that will be examine on the study. With the 7 colleges of De La Salle

University-Dasmarias, each of it will have 10 participants. For the secondary data, the

group used articles, magazines and websites in the internet as their reference to collect

some information that helps the research paper to be more accurate and reliable. The

researchers also gathered data from the municipalities of Cavite to know the current

plastic usage rate of each community, especially in Dasmarinas


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To illustrate the results of the data that could collect the researchers used figure

such as charts and tables. This tool is used to evaluate and easily see the results that are

gathered. A figure is a visual form of representing data. It displays sizes of numerical

quantities.

In addition, the researchers were able to conduct a Focus Group Discussion to the

student about their point of view on changing of packaging that contributes to success of

knowing the effects to them.

They decided to have a 7 participant to have a discussion with 10 questions

regarding the effects of changing packaging from plastic to eco-friendly materials to

consumers. Researchers will randomly select to represent their college.

C. Research Instrument

The researchers select the appropriate and simple to understand questionnaire for

the student to easy determine the effects of changing packaging from plastic to eco-

friendly materials to consumers. With all of these questions, the researchers can able to

recognizing the alternative solutions, deciding the best solution, implementation of the

solution and make a review and feedback.

The survey questionnaire is use as the main data-gathering instrument for this

study (See Appendix). The questionnaire is containing more on personal experience

regarding to the changing of packaging on their daily activity like purchasing a product


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on a mall, department store, convenient store and many. It composes of socio-

demographic characteristics of the respondents such as age and gender. The questionnaire

proper section also contains questions that identify the advantages and disadvantages of

using plastic bag and eco-friendly bag. The questions were structure with 2 sets of

question. First is more on personal use of Plastic bag and Eco-friendly bag by putting a

check on the following and corresponding questions. While the second part the

respondent will able to categorize his/her preferred bag by putting PLB for plastic bag

and PAB for paper bag in different instances of using the said bag.

In addition, this research instrument allowed them to carry out the quantitative

approach effectively with the use of statistics for data interpretation.

D. Research Design

The examiners use Descriptive Research Design and Causal Comparative orEx

Post Facto Research Design where both attempts to describe and explain conditions of

the present by using 2 subjects (plastic and paper bag) and questionnaires to fully

describe a phenomenon, to describe answers to questions of who, what, where, when, and

how.

The research design tries to explore cause and affect relationships where causes already

exist and cannot be manipulated. It uses what already exists and looks backward to

explain why then later on used the Inferential Statistics by generalizing about the body of

data (Students who used both plastic and paper bags) gathered whereas only a part (140

students) of it was examined that may lead to predictions about the entire research.


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The methods used for data collection are Direct or Interview Method and the

Indirect or Survey Method.

Analysing survey data include frequency distributions and descriptive statistics.

Frequency distributions tell you how many people answered a survey question a certain

way. Descriptive statistics help describe a set of data through descriptive measures, such

as means and standard deviations.

To develop a result, they choose to have probability samples such as simple

random sampling and cluster sampling. Each individual is chosen randomly and entirely

by chance, such that each individual has the same probability of being chosen at any

stage during the sampling process. The motivation for cluster sampling is to reduce the

total number of interviews and costs given the desired accuracy.

The methods used for data presentation are textual and graphical. There is

narrative description of data gathered same with illustrations (Pie Charts - total quantity

of 140 students are distributed among a group of categories) to show the data gathered in

the most understandable way.

The frequency distributions of the data gathered are grouped according to some

numerical characteristics in order to get the most accurate results leading to successful

generalization.

To be able to know the most common result of the research, the researchers used

measures of central tendency determine the mean and mode of the observations referring

to the average and most frequent value that occurred in the study.


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The analysis method to be used is the statistical method computing the

percentages of the result. The interpretation of the data was narrative as well as the

generalization till the researchers come up with a formal write-up of conclusions and

recommendation.


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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

After collecting all the results of the questionnaires, through the use of survey,

researchers now able to discuss the insights of the 140 students from De La Salle

University-Dasmarias, each of it will have 20 participants. From the College of Business

Administration and Accountancy, College of Engineering, Architecture, & Technology,

College of Science and Computer Studies, College of Tourism and Hospitality

Management, College of Criminal Justice Education, College of Liberal Arts and

Communication, and College of Education.

The researchers also conducted Focus Group Discussion to the student about their

point of view on changing of packaging that contributes to success of knowing the effects

to them. 1 representative per (7)college, for a total of 7 participants to have a discussion

with continuous discussion and concerns regarding the effects of changing packaging

from plastic to eco-friendly materials to consumers.

Q1: As a consumer, which do you prefer to use? Plastic bag Paper bag

CBAA 9 11

CEAT 1 19

CSCS 3 17

CTHM 13 7

CCJE 4 16


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CLAC 11 9

COED 12 8

TOTAL 53 87

The table above shows the collected data gathered from 7 colleges. That answered

the question, As a consumer, which do you prefer to use?

And pie chart illustrates the total percentage of students in each desired packaging

such as Plastic bag and Paper bag. There are a total of 140 respondents from De La Salle

University - Dasmarias, it figures that 38% of the students preferred to use Plastic bag.

While the rest of them answered, 62% Paper bag. It revealed that using Paper bag is their

top choice when it comes to packaging.

Figure 1

Plastic bag

Paper bag


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In figure 1.1, it proves that the total percentage of students who answered either

YES or NO in reusing Plastic bag/Paper bag. Many of the students answered YES with

70%. And few of them replied NO with 30%. It discovered that it is economical to reuse

their preferred bag than to purchase another one.

Heres the supported data why students wants to reuse plastic/paper bags:

COLLEGE Less Waste Cleaner

Environment

Save Money Conserve

Resources

CBAA 7 3 4 4

CEAT 14 16 16 18

CSCS 10 10 4 11

CTHM 8 10 9 12

CCJE 5 4 8 1

CLAC 10 11 5 8

COED 6 8 3 5

TOTAL 60 62 49 59


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As the total percentage shows the results are all nearly equal, such as the Cleaner

Environment is their common reason to reuse bags with 27%, next is to Less Waste and

Conserve Resources who got both 26% and the least is Save Money with 21%. It expose

that the students are more concern with Cleaner Environment when it comes to

considering a usage of particular packaging in buying.

Q2: Are you aware of the Plastic ban law? YES NO

CBAA 13 7

CEAT 20 0

CSCS 20 0

CTHM 17 3

CCJE 15 5

CLAC 16 4

COED 14 6

Figure 1.2

Less waste

Cleaner environment

Save money

Conserve resources


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TOTAL 115 25


the question, Are you aware of the Plastic ban law?

In figure 2, it demonstrates that the total percentage of students who answered

either YES or NO regarding their awareness for the Plastic Ban law. Most of the

students answered YES with 82%. And few of them replied NO with 18%. It shows that

majority of them are aware of the law being implemented in certain town and cities.

Q3: Is the plastic ban campaign implemented

in your city/town?

YES NO

CBAA 9 11

CEAT 12 8

Figure 2

YES

NO


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CSCS 16 4

CTHM 9 11

CCJE 12 8

CLAC 10 10

COED 7 13

TOTAL 75 65


the question, Is the plastic ban campaign implemented in your city/town?

In figure 3, it determines that the total percentage of students who answered either

YES or NO on the subject of the implementation of Plastic Ban law in the respondents

city/town. Some of the students answered YES with 54%. And the rest of them replied

NO with 46%. It illustrates that the Plastic Ban law is being implemented in some of the

Figure 3

YES

NO


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town and cities like Pasay city, Las Pias, Muntinlupa city and also were some of the

students reside, primarily in Dasmarias City were the majority of the student resides.

4. What do you think are the disadvantages of using Plastic bag?

COLLEGE Pollutes the

Environment

Flood Destruction of

Natural Resources

Low Durability

CBAA 11 5 4 2

CEAT 20 20 20 11

CSCS 20 20 16 12

CTHM 18 11 9 12

CCJE 13 8 7 6

CLAC 16 9 10 8

COED 15 12 9 6

TOTAL 113 85 75 57

Figure 4

Pollutes the Environment

Flood

Destruction of Natural

Resources

Low Durability


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the question, What do you think are the disadvantages of using Paper bag?

In figure 5, illustrates the total percentage of the student awareness regarding to

the disadvantages of using Paper bag and how does it harm the environment. There are a

total of 140 respondents from De La Salle UniversityDasmarias, it shows that 39%

are concern in the cutting of trees, 38% believed that paper bags is get rip easily, and

23% answered it is flammable. It explained that the usage of Paper has its own different

effect most especially to the environment.

Q6: Are you willing to bring your own

shopping bag for storing your purchase? YES NO

CBAA 8 12

CEAT 20 0

Figure 5

Cutting of Trees

Get Rip Easily

Flammable


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some of them replied NO with 45%. It is discovered that it is more convenient for some

students to bring their own bags when shopping.

Q7: Do you purchase an eco-friendly bag

when you shop? YES NO

CBAA 10 10

CEAT 9 11

CSCS 11 9

CTHM 7 13

CCJE 12 8

CLAC 8 12

COED 7 13

TOTAL 64 76


the question, Do you purchase an eco-friendly bag when you shop?

Figure 7

YES

NO


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In figure 7, it denotes the total percentage of students who are willing to purchase

their own eco-friendly bags for storing when they shop. Almost half of the students

answered YES that they are willing to buy eco-friendly bag with a percentage of 46%.

And the rest of them replied NO they would rather use what the store will provide for

their packaging with 54%. It is learned that only half of the students are willing to spend

extra money for an eco-friendly bag when shopping.

What do you prefer to use when you are in the following places:

(put PLB for plastic bag and PAB for paper bag)

PLACE PLB PAB

Shopping malls 63 77

Convenience store 66 74

Wet market 90 50

Dry market 30 110

School 73 67

Based on the table given, it demonstrates the comparison of the student preference

based from the changes from plastic to paper packaging materials they usually use. In a

particular place such as shopping malls, convenience store, wet markets, dry markets and

schools. In shopping malls 45% of the students preferred to use plastic bags compared

to 55% of students who are in favour of using paper bags. In convenience store 47% of

the students preferred to use plastic bags compared to 53% of students who are in favour


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of using paper bags. In wet markets 64% of the students preferred to use plastic bags

compared to 36% of students who are in favour of using paper bags. In dry market 21%

of the students preferred to use plastic bags compared to 79% of students who are in

favour of using paper bags. In schools 52% of the students preferred to use plastic bags

compared to 48% of students who are in favour of using paper bags.

In general, most of the students preferred to use paper bag with a total of54%

compared to plastic bags with a total of46% in different situation and places.


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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Now that the implementation of Plastic Ban in the Philippines is present, this

research studies what are the effects of shifting from plastic bags to paper bags and other

eco-friendly materials as packaging of products. As the result, there are a total of 140

respondents from De La Salle University - Dasmarias that figures that 38% of the

students preferred to use Plastic bag. While the rest of them answered, 62% Paper bag. It

revealed that using Paper bag is their top choice when it comes to packaging.

CONCLUSION

The purpose of The Effects of Changing Packaging from Plastic to Eco-friendly

Materials on Consumers in Dasmarinas, Cavite is identified the insights, awareness,

preferences, disadvantages and possible outcome of their continuous usage of Plastic and

Paper bags.

The outcome of the survey explored the perception of the respondents regarding

the environment effects. Most of the students preferred to use Paper bags, because of

packaging content that is easy to decay and does not fully harm the natural resources.

Now a days, students are becoming more aware to the laws implemented by the

government especially laws that concerns the environment. Also the execution of Plastic

Ban law is now implemented in many different areas, not just locally but also

worldwide.


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Plastic bags and Paper bags disadvantages are mostly involve about the different

effects that might happen to the environment, such as creating Pollution in land, air and

water because of improper disposal of Plastic bags and Cutting of trees in making Paper

bags for packaging groceries and etc.

According to the result the respondents attitude depends upon the location and the usage

of the plastic bag or the paper bag. In places such as shopping malls, convenience store,

dry market and school the respondents preferred to use paper bags for their purchases.

But in special cases where the items to be stored are cold, fresh perishable goods the

respondents preferred to use plastic bag for its durability.

RECOMMENDATION

The research aims to solve the issue of which the consumers favour and what are

the factors that affect their behaviour specifically. The government must give its fully

support regarding to the implementation of the Plastic Ban law and providing

corresponding punishment to those people and establishments who will not abide the said

law.

There should be limitations for plastic and paper bags production to avoid

destruction of the environment and scarcity of resources. It has to utilize the cutting of

trees and usage of oil.

Universities should release campaigns promoting green living to students teaching

them the importance on conserving the limited resource in the Philippines. They should


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also ban the usage of plastic bag in the university to instil to the students the required

discipline needed to change the society.

. To the future researchers, the current group recommends to carefully analyze the

target sample area of the study as it brings large contribution to the respondents response

and information


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REFERENCES

Enterprise with Plymouth University. Effects of Plastic on the Environment.

Retrieved from http://www.plymouth.ac.uk/pages/view.asp?page=26783

Impact of Plastic. Retrieved from http://www.iwma.com/programs-

events/Impact%20of%20Plastic.html

Sourced from Roach, J (2003). National Geographic News. Are Plastic Grocery

Bags Sacking the Environment?

Wagner, J. Health Guidance. The Effect of Plastic Bags on Environment.

Retrieved from http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/14901/1/The-Effects-of-Plastic-

Bags-on-Environment.html

Bekaze (2011). Are We Saving Earth by Banning Plastic Bag. Retrieved from

http://bekaze.hubpages.com/hub/Wrong-Perception-about-Plastic-Bag\

Sourced from FAO. 1990. Conducting small-scale nutrition surveys: A field

manual, Rome.

Sourced from Magnani, Robert. 1997. Sampling guide. IMPACT Food Security

and Nutrition Monitoring Project, Arlington, Va.


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Sourced from UNICEF. 1995. Monitoring progress toward the goals of the World

Food Summit for Children: A practical handbook for multiple indicator surveys. New

York.

APPENDIX

Name (optional): _____________________________

*College: _________

Objective: To attain the information needed in order to know the effects on the changes

of packaging from plastic to eco-friendly bag to consumers.

Direction: Please complete the following questions by pitting a check to choose the

best answer.

1. As a consumer, which do you prefer to use?___Plastic bag ___Paper bag

Do you reuse (respond based on your answer in number 1) Plastic bag/Paper bag?

___Yes

If yes, what are the reasons you recycle? (you can choose one or more)

___ Less waste

___ Cleaner environment

___ Save money

___Conserve resources

___ Others ________

___No

2. Are you aware of the Plastic ban law?___Yes ___No

3. Is the plastic ban campaign implemented in your city/town?___Yes, where do you reside? ________________

___No

4. What do you think are the disadvantages of using Plastic bag?(you can choose one or more)


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___ Pollutes the environment

___ Flood

___ Destruction of natural resources

___ Low durability

___ Others _______

5. What do you think are the disadvantages of using Paper bag?(you can choose one or more)

___ More trees will be cut

___ Get rip easily

___Flammable

___ Others _______

6.

Are you willing to bring your own shopping bag for storing your purchase?___Yes ___No

7. Do you purchase an eco-friendly bag when you shop?___Yes ___No

What do you prefer to use when you are in the following places:

(put PLB for plastic bag and PAB for paper bag)

Shopping malls

Convenience store

Wet market

Dry market

Office

School

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