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SPLIT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM



AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

SPLIT UNIT SYSTEM

SAIDATUL HUSNA SAHARUDIN 2008302105

NURUL AINUL NAJWA SALLEH 2008779643NURUL SHAMIN MOHD NIZAM 2008314831

NURUL AZNA AZMAN 2009592825

AFIKA MORSHIDI 2009340091

MARLIN MATAWAK 2009366587

NURSYUHADA IBRAHIM 2009537709ZAKIRAH HANIS MOHD ZAKI 2008559337

SITI NURAISYAH ASMONI 2008763871

DAYANGKU NUR KHAIRIYAH AWANG KEDARI 2008558521

EILLY SHAZANA JAMIL 2009944841



INTRODUCTION



VIDEO



AIR CONDITIONING

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INTRODUCTION



INTRODUCTION (CONT'D)

INDOOR OUTDOOR

SPLIT UNIT SYSTEM



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OUTDOOR (cont'd)




CASE STUDIES


1. Single storey bungalow house- Paya Jaras Dalam, Sungai Buloh

2. Two storey bungalow house- Kelab Golf Sultan Abdul Aziz

Shah,

Shah Alam..



CHARACTERISTIC



Power of cooling

� An air-conditioner that

-has suitable power, save money

-less power, the conditioner will use

additional electric power and willpermanently work at the highest speed and

will make a lot of noise.



Inverting conditioner

� Inverting conditioner has automatic power to theindoor temperature.

� If the difference with set temperature is very big,then the compressor works on the highest

speed.� When the difference decreases, the compressor

speed also decreases. As the set temperature isgained, the compressor doesn¶t stop its work,but continue working so the conditioner

maintains the set temperature and economizeselectricity.

� The fan working on the lower speed and ismaking less noise. It also affects the level of

comfort.



Conditioner refilling

� Conditioner is filled with refrigerating

gas which circulates in the pipes to

absorbing heat. After depressurization,

gas evaporates and the quality of cooling liquid changes so the work of

the conditioner worsens.



Conditioner noise

� The noise level and comfort depend on thefans and compressors.

� Use fans with low level of noise and good

isolation.

� Sometimes conditioner won¶t be able to

provide a necessary temperature without

high speed.



Conditioner mounting

� The conditioner¶s life strongly depends on itscorrect mounting. Normally, the external block is

mounted under the window.

� The good idea is to mount it in the place, where

the noise of the working block will be minimal.

� Conditioner should be also accessible to the

service to future maintained . Besides, external

block should be fixed on special bearings, which

absorb the vibration.

� The internal block can mounted in any place in the

room on the fixed distance from the ceiling. The

block should be mounted on the distance from

heaters, door openings, and don¶t have any

barriers.



Performance of Split Air-conditioner Unit



Low noise air intake system

� The best performance of split

aircond system is to ensure that

the low noise air intake system toget better and smoother air flows

that will provide a quiet and

refreshing environment.



Fuzzy control

� The timer control will always switch on at apredetermined time that could cause over

cooling.

� However, with this advanced fuzzy controlsystem, the air conditioner will be either

switched on before preset time or delayed

depending on the indoor temperature

changes� It allowing the room temperature to reach the

preset temperature within an optimal time

frame



Automatic adjustable temperature

controls

� In split system, there is sleep mode.

� It is held after adjusting the sleep mode timer

before sleep and after that, the temperature

will be automatically controlled and adjustedaccordingly to the lowering or body

temperature during sleep

� lower temperature throughout the night, to

provide a conducive environment for a good

sleep.



Temperature sensing automatic

dehumidification

� Split unit also specially equipped with

précised and reliable temperature sensing

automatic dehumidification function that

automatically operates the dehumidificationwhenever the room temperature exceeds the

preset temperature

� It stops whenever the room temperature falls

back within the preset temperature as such itstabilizes the temperature and provides a

more conducive environment for the user



DESIGN CRITERIA



a) The performance requirement of

the system

The performance of the air conditioner shouldcomfort the occupant, it should not too noisy,

friendly user easy handling.

b) Capacity requirementNot all rooms have the same cooling requirement

because they can be small or large or they can be

located in hot corners or the opposite.

Design criteria



Design Criteria (cont'd)

c) Energy consumption

� Low-energy ventilation systems, electricity

costs can be up to eight times lower than in

high-consumption systems.

d) The humidity control

� Designed to control or limit the growth of microscopic

germ that thrives in certain humidity levels.� So that, the most criteria that air conditioner should

have are to prevent dust from outside and to limit the

growth of the microscopic organism in the room.



± The decreasing of the air quality caused by

the occupants ± Emissions from materials in the room

± Activities in the room (e.g. : smoking)

± The quality of the outside air ± The thermal load

± Type of space

Parameters influence on the

design of air conditioner



COMPONENTS



MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AIR COND



OUTDOOR COMPONENTS

COMPRESSOR � The compressor pulls in low-pressure, temperature

from the evaporator .

� compresses that gas to high-pressure, high

temperature superheats to the condenser.



COMPRESSOR In/Suction:

Low Pressure,about 30 psi

& Low

Temperature,

close to

freezing.

Out/Discharge:

High Pressure, about 200 psi & High

Temperature, above

ambient.

OUTDOOR COMPONENTS (Cont'd)




CONDENSER � Receives the high-pressure, temperature vapor

refrigerant from the compressor and rejects that

heat to the surrounding air.




FA N� Moves outdoor air across the condensing

coil to cool it and assist in condensing the

high pressure, high temperature

refrigerant gas back into a liquid



INDOOR COMPONENTS (Cont'd)

EV A POR AT OR � Air conditioner evaporator is a heat exchange. It takes in low

temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant from theexpansion device and changes it into low-pressure, low

temperature vapor refrigerant.

� It responsible for absorbing heat from whatever places that

needs to be cool

� Since, the AC evaporator coil contains refrigerant that

absorbs heat from the surrounding air, the refrigerant

temperature must be lower than the air.



EV A POR AT OR



INDOOR COMPONENTS

EXPA NSION V AL VE � Its also known as meter devices. The meter devices

are near the evaporator coil which is within the airhandler.

� .Its responsible for providing the correct amount of

refrigerant to the evaporator coil.

� Expansion valves work by controlling the amount of refrigerant flows to the evaporator coils. It acts as

restriction to provide a specific amount of refrigerant

flows into the evaporator coils



INDOOR COMPONENTS (cont'd)

EXPA NSION V AL VE � There are different types of expansion valves used in

air conditioner units, but the function are samewhich to:

� It controls the amount of liquid refrigerant entering

the evaporator coils.

� It maintains a pressure difference between the highand low pressure sides of the system to permit the

refrigeration to vaporize.



EXPA NSION V AL VE



INSTALLATION



PROCEDURE

� Done by expert technician

� INDOOR UNIT

± LOCATED INSIDE THE ROOM

± INSTALLED ABOVE THE BED

± 8-10 FEET FROM FLOOR

±ACCESSIBLE EASILY

± ABOVE WINDOW



PROCEDURE (cont'd)

OUTDOOR UNIT- LOCATED IN AN OPEN SPACE ON

THE TERRACE, ABOVE THE WALL,HANG ON THE EXTERNAL WALL

SUPPORTED BY ANGLE- EASILY ACCESSIBLE FOR

MAINTENANCE WORK, GASCHARGING AND INSTALLATION

- RIGID SURFACE AVOID VIBRATION- KEEP ABOVE THE INDOOR UNIT

(MAX DISTANCE 15 meter)



INSTALLATION (cont'd)

INDOOR

� Position

� Install at strong wall

� near electr ic outlet/branch cir cuit

� not exposed direct to sunlight� Drain pipe easily installed

� leave spaces f or servicing



INSTALLATION PROCESS

1.Cutting the holes.

2. Install wall hook bracket

3.F

orming drain hose and pipe4.Connecting piping

5.electircal wiring

6. Finishing -insluates pipes overlap

7.Earthing

8. Testing running



VIDEO

VIDEO



TESTING RUNNING

INDOOR UNIT

- Is operation of each button on remote

control unit finctional?

-Does each lamp light normally?

- Do the air -f low operate normally?

- Is the drain normal

OUTDOOR

- is there any abnormal

noise and vibration

dur ing operation

- will noise,wind or

drainwater disturb the nieghbour s?

- Is there any gas

leakage?



TESTING RUNNING (cont'd)

OUTDOOR

- Is there any abnormal noise and

vibration dur ing operation

- Will noise,wind or drainwater

disturb the nieghbour s?

- Is there any gas leakage?



EARTHING

� Connecting with earth wires properly

according to the technical standards.



PRECAUTIONS

WHEN WIRING

- No power supply

- Connect all wir ing tightly.

- Following the local electr icity

codes.

WHEN TRANSPORTING

-Careful in picking up and moving units-Call par tner s to lift up units



PRECAUTIONS (cont'd)

WHEN INSTALLING

- Ceiling/wall strong enough

- Cosntr uct strong wood /metal f rame to provide

added suppor t- In a ceiling/wall - strong enough hold unit's

weight

- In a room -tubing r un inside room insulate

properly avoid sweating- In Moist / uneven locations- Raised conrete

pad blocks prevents water damage andabnormal vibration



PRECAUTIONS(cont'd)

WHEN INSTALLING (CONT'D)

� In an area high winds -anchor

down with bolts and metal f rame.

� In snowy Area -outdoor raised

platf orm higher than dr ifting snow,

provide snow vents



VIDEO



COST OF INSTALLATION

� EQUIPMENT PRICE

� BUILDING CONDITION

� LABOUR



OPERATION



OPER ATION

COMPRESSOR

When the temperature in the room gets higher than the set

point f or the thermostat, the outside compressor is

automatically switched on.

When the compressor is switched on, the ref r igerant

begins to cir culate through the unit. It will star ts out as a

low-temperature and low-pressure gas.

Operation of the Split Unit Air -conditioning System (Emily Beach, 2011)

The operation of a split air -conditioner is controlled by

using a thermostat to set the desired temperature.

As the ref r igerants passes through the compressor, it is

squeezed through a small network of pipes which raises

both the temperature and the pressure of the ref r igerant.



OPERATION (Cont'd)

COMPRESSOR

When excess heat is removed, the ref r igerant istransf ormed into a cool liquid.

This cool liquid travels into the room that is going to be air -

conditioned through tubes connecting the compressor and

the indoor evaporator.


This gas then moves into the condenser where a f an extracts heat f rom the ref r igerant and exhausts it to the outside.



OPER ATION (Cont'd)

EVAPORATOR

A f an unit within the evaporator draws warm air f rom inside

the room so that it passes through the inside of theevaporator.

As this warm air is exposed to the cool ref r igerant, the

ref r igerant absorbs excess heat f rom the air.


As the cool liquid ref r igerant enter s the evaporator, its

pressure is reduced.

This cooled air is then blown back into the room in order tomake the space cooler and more comf or table.



OPER ATION (Cont'd)

EVAPORATOR

The ref r igerant and the excess heat energy it contains are thentransf erred back to the compressor where the cycle repeats itself .

Both the compressor and evaporator will continue to operate under

this cycle until the temperature in the room matches the level that

the thermostat i s set to.


These units do not add cool air to a room but rather remove heat

energy f rom air that is already within the space.



OPER ATION (cont'd)

Operation of the Split Air -conditioning System (Howstuff works, 2003)



OPER ATION (Cont'd)

oRef r igerant leaks

oInadequate maintenance

oElectr ic control f ailure

oSensor problemso Drainage problems

F ACTORS INFLUENCE THE F AILURE OF THE OPER ATION

Problems of the Air -conditioning System (U.S. Depar tment of Energy -

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2010)



VIDEO



MAINTENANCE

o Maintenance, repair, and operations (

MRO)involve fixing any sor t of mechanical or electr ical

device should it become out of order or broken

(known as repair, unscheduled or casualty

maintenance) (Wikipedia, 2011).

o It also includes per f orming routine actions which

keep the device in working order (known as

scheduled maintenance) or prevents trouble f rom

ar ising (preventive maintenance) (Wikipedia,

2011).

o MRO may be defined as all actions which have

the objective of retaining or restor ing an item in

or to a state in which it can per f orm its required

function Wiki edia, 2011 .



M AINTEN ANCE (cont'd)

TYPE OF M AINTEN ANCE

EXPL AN ATION

Preventive

maintenance

Preventive maintenance is the maintenance per f ormed in an attempt to

avoid f ailures, unnecessary production loss and saf ety violations. As

equipment cannot be maintained at all times, some way is needed to

decide when it is proper to per f orm maintenance. Normally, this is done

by deciding some inspection or maintenance intervals, and sticking to

this interval more or less aff ected by what you find dur ing these

activities.

Corrective maintenance

Corrective maintenance can be defined as the maintenance which is

required when an item has f ailed or worn out, to br ing it back to workingorder. Corrective maintenance is carr ied out on all items where the

consequences of f ailure or wear ing out are not significant and the cost

of this maintenance is not greater than preventive maintenance.

The Types of Maintenances (Wikipedia, 2011)



ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES



CASE STUDY 1



CASE STUDY 1

Particulars :

Owner Jamil Nordin and Nor Fadzilah Ashaari

Address Lot 38935, Jalan Tempayan Emas 3,

47000 Sungai Buloh,

Selangor Darul Ehsan.

Type of House One Storey Bungalow

Type of Air Conditioner System Split Unit

Numbers of Air Conditioner Used 8 numbers

Location Bedrooms (5 numbers), Living hall (1

number), Dining hall (1 number) and

Family area (1 number).

G l t



5/13/2011

General FeaturesEach brand of air conditioner has its own features.

ECO patrol :

Senses human presence and adjust the temperature f or more comf or t and savings.

Intelligent inver ter :

Saves up to 50% energy, enables optimum power control and extremely

efficient operation

Advanced power ful mode :

It provides f ast comf or t with power and strong air f low

Super Quiet

Specially-designed air vent efficiently reduces noise.

Blue fin condenser :

Tr ipled the lif e of its condenser with anti-r ust coating

Advanced + Plus e-ion air pur if ying system with patrol sensor :

Patrol sensor detect the dir t.

E-ions catch and deactivate micro-organism in dust Air Sweep Control :

The air sweep function moves the f lap up and down in the air outlet, directing air in

a sweeping motion around the room and providing comf or t to every corner.



5/13/2011

SpecificationPANASONICCS-PS9MKH (CU-PS9MKH) ~ 1.0HP

PANASONICCS-C12KKH (CU-C12KKH) ~ 1.5HP SANYOSAP K12-AG-2.0HP

Product Dimension :Indoor 290 x 870 x 240 mmOutdoor - 510 x 650 x 230 mmProduct Dimension :

Indoor 290 X 870 X 204 mm

Outdoor - 540 X 780 X 289 mm

Product Dimension :

Indoor 275 x 845 x 180 mm

Outdoor - 540 x 848 x 320 mm

Product Weight :Indoor - 9 kgOutdoor - 24 kg

Product Weight :Indoor - 9 kg

Outdoor - 29 kg

Product Weight :

Indoor - 10 kg

Outdoor - 35 kg

Air Circulation (Indoor/Hi) :

M3/min - 10.1

Air Circulation (Indoor/Hi) :

M3/min - 11.2

Air Circulation :

M2/min - 10.5

Electricity :

Rated voltage - 230V

Running current - 3.6A

Power input - 760W

Electricity :

Rated voltage - 230V


Power input - 1070W

Electricity :

Rated voltage - 220-240V


Power input - 1290W



5/13/2011

Installation of the wall mounted

indoor unit

Once the location of the indoor unit isdecided, the installation can be made.It

can be installed on the wall of the room

or the partition at the height of about

8-10 feets from the floor. The steps of

installation :-

1. Make the markings as per the wall hook bracket

It is a sort of the aluminum template with all the

necessary holes and the attachments where the

template will be fit with screws.2. Fit the bracket

After making the markings for the holes, remove

the wall hook bracket and make the holes in the

wall with drilling machine at these markings.

After that, keep the bracket in place again on the



5/13/2011

3. Make a hole in the wall or partition:

Make a small hole of about 3 inches

near the bracket across the wall or

partition.

Through this hole the refrigerant

tubing connecting the indoor and the

outdoor will pass. These tubing are

insulated hence they need hole of large

diameter.

Refrigerant

tubing



5/13/2011

Figure : Shows power supply cable and electric

cable connect the indoor and outdoor unit

4. Installing the indoor unit

There are some male extensions on the bracket on which the

female counterpart of the indoor unit can be fitted. When

fitting the indoor unit the copper tubing extending from the

unit has to be passed through the hole and to outside the

room for connecting it do the outdoor unit.



5/13/2011

The drain pipe is connected to one end of the

indoor unit; it is passed through the hole and left

free in the open space where the water can be

drained.

The power supply cable connecting the indoor and

outdoor unit and to the main supply is also passed

through the hole.

Figure : Tubing from outdoor unit to Figure : Drain pipe bedded in concrete todrain drain



5/13/2011

5. Tilting the indoor unit

The indoor unit is given slight tilt of about 2-3

degree towards the drain pipe. This enablesunhindered flow of dew water towards the water

space where drain water is collected and drain

pipe is connected for removal of water.

This angle should be just sufficient to enable

flow of water without disturbing the looks of the

indoor unit due to high angle of tilt.

With this the installation of the indoor unit is

almost over and ready to be connected to the

refrigerant tubing and the outdoor unit.



5/13/2011

Installing the outdoor unit on the external wall

The installation for outdoor unit also is quit

similar with the indoor installations and it is agood idea to keep the distance between the indoor

and outdoor units as close as possible.

The outdoor unit can also be hanged on the external

wall on some angle supports. The angles can be

fitted on the wall by using special bolts calledanchor bolts. Make sure that he wall on which the

outdoor unit is being fitted is strong enough to

bear its weight and vibrations.



5/13/2011

Operation and function of Split unit System

A split system conditioner splits the hot

side from the cold side of the system. The

cold side, consisting of the expansion

valve and the cold coil, is generally

placed into a furnace or some other air

handler. The air handler blows air throughthe coil and routes the air throughout the

build using a series of ducts. The hot

side, known as the condensing unit,

allocated outside the house. The unit

consists of a long, spiral coil shaped

like a cylinder. Inside the coil is a fan,

to blow air through the coil, along with a

weather-resistant compressor and some

control logic.



5/13/2011

Cost of installation

Based on this case study for residential split unit

system, the house is mainly using 8 numbers of air

conditioning system for several different areas

which is family area, living hall, dining hall and

bedrooms. The cost of installation are :

Table : Cost of Installation The cost of installation basically is influenced by the length

of wire need to be tapped off from the existing wire. The longer

the length of the wire, thus the higher the cost is. Besides

that, it is also influenced by the degree, if difficulties of

installing the air conditioner. Normally, the air conditioner is

installed before the plaster is being applied as to maintain theappearance and the aesthetic value of the house.

Air ±

conditioning(Horse Power)

Cost of Air ±

conditioning( RM )

Cost of

Installation(RM )

Total

( RM )

1 H.P 800 ++ 180 1000

2 H.P 1600 ++ 300 2000

i



5/13/2011

Maintenance

The maintenance operation would be done every 6

Months. The maintenance includes the work of

chemical cleaning, filter cleaning and top up the

gas.

The cost of maintenance is basically influenced by ;

-types of maintenance

-the degree of maintaining it

-the Horse Power of the Air-conditioner.

Basically it will cost around RM120++/unit for 1HP

and RM180++ for 2HP. Further, the more refrigerantor gas that needed to be topped up, the more cost

it will incur.



CASE STUDY2



2 STOREY BUNGALOW HOUSE

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BACKGROUND

� The owner of these bungalow is .DSWHQ0RKG

0D]ODQ$VKDDUL0LULD+M+DVELH

� Located at Kelab Golf Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah,

Seksyen 13, Shah Alam.� Price of the bungalow is about RM 2.2 mil

� There are 10 air conditioner installed

� Brand used: National brand (taken from the previoushouse).



MAINTENANCE

� Maintenance done once in 3 month.

� Cost of the maintenance is about RM120++/unit

� The maintenance include FKHPLFDOFOHDQLQJ

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INSTALLATION

� The installation done by the contractor that appoint

by the owner of these bungalow.

� The location of the air conditioner is decided by the

owner and sometimes advice from the specialist.



INDOOR UNIT



OUTDOOR UNIT



PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED



Air conditionerruns constantly

but doesnt cool

well

AirConditioner

wont turn

on

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Air

Conditioner

run but

doesnt cool

at all

PROBLEMSAir

Conditioner

cycles on and

off

frequentlyOther

problems



RECOMMENDATIONS



RECOMMENDATION

Energy Efficient Cooling Systems

� Ice cooling is as simple as it sounds. Large

tanks of water freeze into ice at night, whenenergy demands are lower

�pumps the cool air from the ice into the

building�saves money, cuts pollution, eases the strain on

the power grid and can be used alongside

traditional systems.



RECOMMENDATION (Cont'd)

Design

Compressors are allocated facing the sunrise

Operation of the condensers become inefficiency

Maintenance work

Maintenance works need to be done once a month

The best time to service an air conditioner is

bef ore it's actually needed.



COST

Split unit ; different types and brand

/* 9&)

1.0HP

RM 1549

/* 9&)1.5HP

RM1849

/* +($/7+

3/861.5HP

RM1999

/* */(2HP

RM2200



CONCLUSION

h i THE RIGHT i diti i i



choosing THE RIGHT air conditioning is animpor tant decision. A poor choice may be costly

and f ail to provide the desired level of cooling.T

hebest system will absolutely depends on the climate,cooling needs and the design of the house.Bigger is not better . An over sized air conditioner does not provide more comf or t; in f act it may make

the house f eel clammy. All in all, it¶s actually up to the user s. Some maypay more when buying the air conditioner and endup they will save the cost of maintaining it and

likewise. Whatever it is, it is also depend on theusage of the air conditioner itself . If you use it moreand f requent, no matter how much you pay initiallywhen buying it, you still need to maintain itregularly.



THANK YOU

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