Final year portfolio

T h e P a r a p l e g i c R e h a b i l i t a t i o n S a n c t u a r y

Redefining Bath Riverside

Design Studio D; 2014

By Khalid Aideed

Architecture + Planning

2

Abstract

P a r a p l e g i c i n d i v i d u a l s ( a s w e l l a s o t h e r s w h o s e e t h e m s e l v e s a s d i s a b l e d ) s t r u g g l e t o f i n d m e a n s e n d s

i n b e i n g p a r t o f a n e x c l u s i v e c o m m u n i t y , w i t h d a y - t o - d a y l i v e s b e c o m i n g a c h o r e a n d w i t h s o c i e t y ’ s

p e r c e p t i o n s o f v i e w i n g p a r a p l e g i c s a s b e i n g D I S a b l e d . T h i s p r o j e c t s e e k s t o p r o v i d e a p l a t f o r m f o r

p a t i e n t s w h o h a v e w i t n e s s e d o r w h o w e r e b o r n w i t h s p i n a l i n j u r i e s a n d e s t a b l i s h a p l a c e w h e r e t h e y

c a n r e c o v e r p h y s i c a l h e a l t h a n d p s y c h o l o g i c a l c o n f i d e n c e w i t h i n a n u r b a n f r a m e w o r k w i t h c l e a r s o c i a l

d i v i s i o n s ; B a t h . T h e i n d i f f e r e n c e l i e s b e t w e e n t h e N o r t h p a r t s - f o r m a l i s e d a n d g e n t r i f i e d - a n d t h e

S o u t h e r n a r e a - i n d u s t r i a l a n d m o r e s o c i a l l y p r o f o u n d - o f t h e c i t y , w h i c h a r e s p a t i a l l y s e p a r a t e d b y t h e

R i v e r A v o n . U s i n g P a r a p l e g i a a s a t o o l t o c o n j u r e a c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n t h i s u n d e r l i n i n g b a r r i e r , t h e

i n t e n t i o n i s t o e n f o r c e a b u i l d i n g d e d i c a t e d t o w a r d s t h e r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f p a r a p l e g i c p a t i e n t s , w h i c h

u l t i m a t e l y s p i l l s o u t e x p r e s s i v e l y o n t o t h e p u b l i c s c e n e . T h i s s c e n e w i l l b e t h e r i v e r w h e r e b y r o w i n g

w i l l t a k e p l a c e a n d w h e r e t h e l o c a l s w i l l i n t e g r a t e w i t h t h e p a t i e n t s w i t h i n a c a t e r e d l o c a t i o n . T h e a i m

i s t o a c h i e v e a n e n v i r o n m e n t w h e r e a p a t i e n t i s a d m i r e d a n d w e l l - c o n s i d e r e d b y a n o n - p a r a p l e g i c f o l k

r a t h e r t h a n o t h e r w a y r o u n d , g i v i n g t h e i m p r e s s i o n t h a t t h e p a r a p l e g i c i s p e r f o r m i n g o n a w o r l d s t a g e .

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“ The actual exper ience of a space l inked to a previous reference of meaning is what produces neew discover ies . Exper ient ia l t ime is compl imented by referent ia l t ime, becoming one through a present journey ”

Enric Miralles (2011)

4

Acknowledgements

Without the generous input of the following people, this project would not have been attainable.

Module Leader: John Comparel l i

Head Of Department Elena Marco

Guest Tutor Peter C lash

Tutor Bi l l Gething of F ie lden Clegg Bradley Studios

Tutor Jonathan Bass indale

Structural Engineer F iona Gleed

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 06

BRIEF 07

PRECEDEDNT STUDIES & THEORY 13

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 19

PROPOSED SCHEME 30

BUILDING TECTONICS 63

CONCLUSION 71

I n t r o d u c t i o n Brief

Spatial ConceptPrecedents Studies

Philosophy & Theory

8

The Brief “Understanding the Client and Programme”

Client

re-building lives after spinal cord injury

B R O A D A I M S

• To re-evaluate our attitudes towards those who are paraplysed in our society and how they can play a major part in our cities

• Seek a way to fuse the spinal injury rehabilita-tion process with architectural uses that will enhance their recovery process.

• Resist external influence and highlight and stage the activities paraplegics undertake during their recovery process so that their future lifestyles is recognised as attainable

• An accessible facility that acknowledges the patient’s conditions and that collaborates unlike members of the community

R E S E A R C H & U N D E R S T A N D I N G

C l i n i c s a n d b u i l d i n g s i t e

This will form the initial search and understanding of techniquesand methods used in to re-establish an individual from their original critical state. But to understand to how they get from their intial injury to moving anf getting integrated back into society, one has to oversee, fully, the phases of rehabiltation. Due to the different requirements, programmatically the activities they undergo would have to be divided in different schedules of accommodation that need to be kept in close proximities to each other.

D a y H o s p i t a l a n d M u l t i - p u r p o s e

This part will be the entry phase where it will be open as an outpatient facility catering for the local people so that the building becomes part of a local amenty. These will accomodate drop-in sessions for health issues regarding the impact of the spinal injury or pyschological issues though 1-1 consultation.

There will also be multi-purpose space where patients will be able to explore, socialise, ponder and should have the ability to change into a meeting area for patient, carer and staff who run the overall facility. Ultimately it is a place to aid in uncovering the truth between patients so that they can discuss their view and thoughts of becoming paralysed. This way they can share siimilar feeling in which they can overcome in order for their mind-set to be trained for the real external world they will face.

P R O C E S S & R E C O V E R Y

T h e R e c o v e r y P h a s e

The full recovery from injury is an extensive process and to endure the whole rehabilitation at one location, it would have to be a large institute to accommodate this. Stoke Mandeville is an example that does exactly this; assisting patients from the acute phase after spinal shock including management complications, to the later phases of recovery where patients undergo a series of activities to build up their body strength and find new ways of living.

But, it could be seen that going though the whole process at an institutionlised environment could be a virtual experience rather a one that reflects reality. Although Mandeville is a highly-rated facility in being a place where everyone is there at hand behaving like a cohesive family, independance still needs to be reinforced so that they face real future personal questions during the phases of recovery.

The full procedure is 18 weeks and during this time the patient is expected to submit themselves into different therapies combined with skill-building activities in order to provide treatment for spas-ticity. Located near the city of Bath there is a Spinal Injury Clinic in Salisbury, known in providing service to the South - West for all phases. However, the Spinal Injuries Association, always have men-tioned that the spinal injury clinics around the UK are constrained with around 1,000 people sustain a spinal cord injury each year in the UK and Ireland. As the association call for support and further facilties, this demonstrates that there is a market for an establish-ment to be created in the South - West in supporting the patient through the phases of development.

9

Map showing geographical distance from Salisbury to Bath - a journey a paraplegic would have to travel to enter the last phases of rehabilitation.

12

Spatial Concept“Schedule of Accommodation”

Catering for Paraplegics.

Among paraplegics there are three types of injuries, which has to be considered whilst implementing a contentious scheme;

1./ Traction injuries

Fracture of lumber spine, causing resisted muscle effort, tearing,weakness and dislocations

2./ Direct injuries

Injuries caused by penetrations to spine (e.g. Knives)

3./ Indirect Injuries

Spinal cord collapses in its vertical axis due to axial compression

All these particular impairments have different severities and in many cases, a pa-tient could have opportunties to become ambulant. The proposed design princi-ples is therefore not only to encourage and to foresee this opportunity, but also to maximise the degree of normality and unconstrained lifestyle for those who are in circumstances where becoming ambulant is not possible. For this instance a mix-ture of stair and ramps will be utilised and develop a level of contraflow between the two. These will provide physical links as well as a privatised streetscape, which will merge into the site and landscape strategy. All the scheduled spaces, indicated in the building diagram, are the basic (adapted) basic requirements for a patient to physically and psychological recover so that they can be discharged into the ‘real-world’; establishing the end phase to their rehabilitation process

Spatial Diagram of Program.

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Building Diagram.

River Avon

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Precedent Studies Analysis“Basel Rehabilitation Centre, Herzog De Meuron”

First Floor PlanRequired Facililites

Access RoutesStaff and Patient Paths

1. Entrance Court2. Outpatient room3. Day Hospital4. Cafe5. Admin Facilities6. Reception7. Neuropsychology8. Occupational/ Speech Therapy9. Therapy pool10. Physiotherapy11. Multi-purpose Space12. French Garden13. Intensive Care14. Medical Services15. Diagnostics16. Courtyard and Pool

Private Staff Route

Patient Route

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First Floor PlanZoning of Spaces

Private OfficesPrivate Care FacilitiesCentral CoreSemi Public SpacesPublic Spaces Vertical Axis (public):

This creates a a transparent public floor plan by inserting a vertical strip of pleas-ure gardens/courtyards with a central core for stairs and lifts at its centre. This controls the movement through the building.

Horizontal Axis (private): The horizontal movement is where the patients and staff disperse into the more private spaces. Two wings are imple-mented which form into functional and usable spaces for the buidling.

Key:

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Precedent Studies Analysis“Spinal Injury Rehab. Centre, Gabinete De Arquitectura”

REHABILITATION CENTRE WITHIN BATH CITY CNTEXT:

Scale testing site plan of precedent to acknowledge how much space it occupies

Plan A

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PLAN A

Layout of spaces and facilities spread across an open central courtyard.

1. Approach Path (Ramped)2. Reception3. Waiting Room4. Consultation Room5. Physiotherapy6. Hydrotherapy7. Rest Room8. Offices9. Kitchen

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Philosophy & Theory“Design Concept”

Lines A Brief History,Tim Ingold (2007)

The proposal seeks to adhere through a journey of two halves ( f rom the acute phase to the recovery phase) and to form this into a des ign pr inc ip le, you have to th ink about two key e lements:

1) Mechanica l movement through spaces; engaging through a process of construct ional assemebly

2) The format ion of knowledge as they go thought the bui ld ing; acquir ing th is understanding through thought and exper iencing i t through the senses.

So as they enter th is sanctuary, they wi l l be introduced to a path and a terra in that i s guided, which inhabitants fo l low. However, through an interchange of a c i rculat ion corr idor the pat ients wi l l have choice of where to go; rowing , hydrotherapy, gymnasium, garderning park and a publ ic cafe. The pat ient therefore becomes a wayfarer and undergoes their exper ince through place-making not p lace-bounding. As shown in the d iagram, the pat ient me-anders through th is journey of warefar ing and exper iencing a journey with no end. So as they ’re ending their process of rehabi l i tat ion, they are wr it ing a new story; their new future, which wi l l become their ongoing l i festy le. This in turn is composed of two components: intr ins ic and ex-tr ins ic . Intr ins ic i s the p lane that i s created and in which provides the environment for the occupant to be in . The extr ins ic i s the l ines that make the p lane and thus the minors that make the major ( the intr ins ic) . T im Ingold (an anthropologist ) conceptual ises a unique strategy for c i rcu-lat ion, where there is no phys ica l barr ier to movement and therefore g iv ing the user choice of how to construct h is/hers own l i fe .

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Busy road Approach(Transition) Semi Public Day centre Pleasure Garden

(Movement corridors)Privatised Intensive Care Therapy rooms

Using philosophical underpinning to establish a route through the topography. Sections.

Design Development

Site Analysis Masterplan

Initial ProposalRefining Scheme

Bath Riverside Masterplan“Analysis of possibilities”

The materplan for the site was developed with a focus of refining the access corridors that penetrate the site along with the estab-lishment of a strong link between the North and South sides of the river. The objective is to extend the urban framework from the more renowned part of the city, giving the opportunity for the site to become increasingly dynamic and playful as it reached towards the river. This engages the locals and tourists with the under-used river.

This rises the possibility in creating a hierarchy from the formal to the informal activity spaces which in turn fuse a physical link from the North to the South. A further analysis of the views and site lines across the site have shown that the current tow path or cycle paths are hidden with the river landscape as this particular landscape is heavily disjointed with the rest of the site due to the Green Park road barrier. Other site lines such as the great Hills in Bath and the view of the abbey will have to be retained in order for the occupants to understand their sense of place.

By taking these factors into consideration, the masterplan was further improved to rationalise the site whilst having an understanding of such a delicate site.

Establishing focal points. Reinforcing the Georgian Urban Framework. Green Ingress and Infrastructure

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connection GOOD (undesignated route, comfortable connection) STRONG (designated cycle route) STRAINED (undesignted route, awkward connection) WEAK (undesignated route, challenging connection)

BRISTOL

ROYAL VICTORIA

PARK

ROYAL CRESCENT

THECIRCUS

ROMANBATHS

THERMAESPA

BATH COLLEGE

BATH ABBEY

HOLBURNE MUSEUMPULTNEY

BRIDGE

FROME

UNIVERSITY OF

BATH

SOUTHGATECENTRE

BATH SPA RAIL

DYSON

RIVER

BATH SPAUNIVERSITY

TWO TUNNELS

CYCLE PATH

OLDFIELD PARK RAIL

SITE

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P P

P

P

P

P

2001 2011

A connection map

ProvisionBath Bikes vs Boris Bikes

GrowthCyclists in Bath

1991

Source: Bath Transport Plan 2013.

2061 30112031

2.4% 3% 3.6%

6.6% 12% 29.4%

80,000

8,000,000 8300

58 1450

964

“Cycle Path and Physical Links”

The site has access from several directions via Avon Street, Green Park Road and St James’s parade. Therefore, the master plan should seek to promote these connections enhancing movement through the site and across the city. The site is allocated for development as part of the BANES Local Plan. The policy places prefer-ence on reducing the dominance of roads, giv-ing priority to pedestrians. Cycling provision should therefore actively be sought, alongside pedestrians, incorrespondence with local policy. Considering this, the master plan ought to in-corporate and facilitate the movement of cyclists. Precedent is taken from the connection diagram to identify key routes and connections that could be improved.

As shown in the diagram it indicates that connec-tions from the North of the site are stronger than the South. Therefore the intentions will reinforce the existing routes to extrapulate new desire paths.

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BRISTOL

ROYAL VICTORIA

PARK

ROYAL CRESCENT

THECIRCUS

ROMANBATHS

THERMAESPA

BATH COLLEGE

BATH ABBEY


BRIDGE

FROME

UNIVERSITY OF

BATH

SOUTHGATECENTRE

BATH SPA RAIL

DYSON

RIVER

BATH SPAUNIVERSITY

TWO TUNNELS

CYCLE PATH

OLDFIELD PARK RAIL

SITE

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P P

P

P

P

P

2001 2011

A connection map



1991


2061 30112031

2.4% 3% 3.6%

6.6% 12% 29.4%

80,000

8,000,000 8300

58 1450

964


BRISTOL

ROYAL VICTORIA

PARK

ROYAL CRESCENT

THECIRCUS

ROMANBATHS

THERMAESPA

BATH COLLEGE

BATH ABBEY


BRIDGE

FROME

UNIVERSITY OF

BATH

SOUTHGATECENTRE

BATH SPA RAIL

DYSON

RIVER

BATH SPAUNIVERSITY

TWO TUNNELS

CYCLE PATH

OLDFIELD PARK RAIL

SITE

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P P

P

P

P

P

2001 2011

A connection map



1991


2061 30112031

2.4% 3% 3.6%

6.6% 12% 29.4%

80,000

8,000,000 8300

58 1450

964

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“Lack of night-life and consumer activity”

The site’s immediate night life is made up of traffic on the A367 and Corn Street as well as commut-ers waiting at the Corn Street bus station (most of them commuting to suburbs and University of Bath and Bath Spa University campuses) and pedestrians accessing the parking garage. Corn Street serves as a less favourable path for nightlife goers as it sits away from significant nightlife activity. Noise is mostly created by occasionally loud commuting students along Corn Street and from moderate car traffic on the A367. Observations suggest that car traffic decreases between 19:00- 21:00 o’clock.

Most of the lumination along Corn street is provid-ed by the buildings adjacent to the site better suit-ed for commercial or civic amenities. Less light is currently provided along the A367. There may be a demand for more lighting depending on the future use of this specific area. The diagram also indicates the different view point images documented across the site at night of the site at a scale of multiple viewpoint images of the site from different posi-tions around the site.

It is clear, also during the day, that activity around this site is purely dominated by the car and the lack of night-life activity is stimulated by the extensive use of roads. Within this location, it calls for new land uses to be incorporated into the masterplan.

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Site Analysis & Masterplan Refinement

Existind under-used tow-pathGreen Park

Potential access points around site that exist or those of which can be implemented.

St. James’s Parade could act as a long corridor for public transport for those entering/ leaving site

Leading towards Bath central transport interchange

Access.

Area risk of flooding

The masterplan has been developed with the view of not only creating a soft picturesque landscape, but to also establish a development that would stimulate day and night-time activity for both students and locals in Bath. All in which would encourage community integrating educa-tion, contemplation, joy and an attempt to blurr the lines between public and private thresholds.

The site, in the context of the masterplan, is located within the central area of Bath; west from the newly established Southgate shop-ping centre. It embellishes a main vista towards the Circus and the royal crescent along Avon Street with the addition of having a connection with the natural landscape (i.e. River and open parks). This is a key location for establishing a link between the significant areas around Bath.

The most important aspect of this scheme, however, is the social consideration of utilising and combining the green infrastructure and the heritage links in order to merge the gentrified, the tourists, the working - class (over the river) and the newly proposed paraplegic patients. The aim is therefore to blurr these underlining barriers or themes and impose a much relaxed social context, which would bring about a dynamic environment on the waters edge.

An opportunity to continue the urban framework into the masterplan.

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Disused Hot springs source located un-derneath coach park.

Lost river has the potential to creat a connection with the green corridor to establish a more biodiverse habitat. This would attract more towards th waters edge

Reinforcement and extending the Green Infrasstructure providing potential connections to wider setting.

Existind under-used tow-path

Main tourists routes to circus and crescent creating an opportunity to make the Avon Street axis a public promenade/ boulevard. Linking in with Southgate

shopping centre, which leads to Roman monuments and buildings

South of river developed own identity as an industrial sector of the city.

Context Connections. Heritage.

Area risk of flooding

A possible visual focal point

Acknowledging the lattice urban pattern in which Bath encompasses

A Map of the surrounding historic buildings around site.

Grade I Listed

Grade II* Listed

Grade II Listed

Monument

Research and Analysis“Understanding the Site context”

Site Analysis comparing the existing framework and the developing proposal

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Very Noisy Environment along a key vehicular corridor, providing public tranosport links through-out the city

An extensive car-park separates the city from the natural setting, creating a scene where anti-social behaviour could occur.

From a this large location site lines are vast, including views of the famous abbey and the Great Bath hills

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Panaaromic View of Masterplanned Site

A place of calmness and tranquility, encompassing a picturesque setting from the river, which continues into the hills and beyond

An extensive car-park separates the city from the natural setting, creating a scene where anti-social behaviour could occur.

An ongoing busy traffic along Green Park road creates a physical barrier for locals and tourists to make use or connect with the river potenitals

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Landscape Strategy

The main Feature of the site is the 3500mm fall or change in ground level from the north of the site down the Riv-er Avon towars the South. The differentiation in contours that exist will be accentuated across the site so that the site acts as a flood defence as well as encompassing a form that suits the building programme. The terrain will be cut away and pushed back to provide greater volume for the river and to continue to the water into the urban realm. The site will be accessed though a series of stairs and ramps, which will be carefully embedded into the site.

The cycle path will be re-routed through Corn Street and will be extended into Green Park. As part of the landscape strategy, this will create the transition from the Patient’s ac-comdation to the Rehabilitation Sancturary (ie. from public to private). This technique is used so that the users feel part of the social community and to draw the community for the locals to become part of the programme, with the intention of increaseing the impact of the natural landscape as they head towards the river.

This idea would in practice re-define the Avon Axis, by making it a contineous bridge from the terrain and across the river; giving the impression that the bridge is Avon street (as the width of the axis is maintained as it goes over the river), rather than being a separate entity visually. The bridge therefore would be part of the natural landscape and will stretch beyond into the hills.

Above: Using green ingress paths to spill out from focal points forming landscape pattern

Below: identifying main shared surface roots with urban framework

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Applying the landscape Strategy across the site

River Avon

Redefining the Avon St. Axis viaa continuous bridge

Arial View the Landscape Strategy.

BUILDING SITE

COMMERCIAL PLAZA

P r o p o s e d S i t e M a s t e r p l a n .

Concept Model“Initial Designs”

ACCOMMODATION

TREATMENT

SUSTENANCERELEASE

The key idea within this scheme was to create a simple process from the intensive city to the extensive waters-edge, in order to create a greater connection and relation-ship with the river. This model provided an insight towards a more cohesive masterplan, but the proposed building itself represented little information regarding tectonics and the schedule of accommodation. I therefore needed to develop schematic framework to undertsand how the different levels of the site intervenes with interior space.

40

Building Diagram “PARTI”

Relation between ‘Closed’ and ‘Open’ Spaces.Transition through thresholds.

41

Harmonic Repetition

Circulation

Extensive

Responding to Programme

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Further Development“Form Experimentations”

Through understanding the site and the programme and how it sits within the proposed landscape, the intended programme began to inform the building form. However, to ensure that such a intricate building like this would suit the users needs in making it an accessible establishment, the formwork and struc-ture of the building was tested against alternate ideas and raw forms.

The embodied idea was to provide a self-contained and protected santurary that would decline downwards towards the river so that as the user goes deep-er into the buidling, they become more privately protected. At the same time the intention was to retain the views towards the hills as the building staggers towards the landscape. To achieve this, there needed to be an understanding of the hierarchy of spaces from the public realm down towards the river where rowing takes place.

The process of organising such spaces through diagramatic representation re-quired by the building programme viewed the different users who interacted with the building in order to establish a flexible scheme for the different ele-ments of the design.

Despite all this, the most underlining factor that would be heavily impacted by the form of the development would be the surrounding context as the site can be seen from different locations such as from the hills and from the train. Through experimentation, it demonstrated that a low-lying structure, which would integrate more with the landscape, would be a strategic idea so that it would have minimal visual impact on the city’s urban framework so that it would be transparent along with the new masterplan.

44

It was clear that from the parti diagrams the plans had limitations in responding to the building’s primary functions and so changes were made within to the individual spaces. This was to avoid a planar setting and establish an environment for those to explore.

The focus was therefore in the circulation whereby the users will have a choice in what path they take to each of the rooms or designations. From the entrance, the patient will be faced by a receptionist who will guide them through the different schedules of accomdations they can go to by either following the ramping system, the stair contraflow or both. The spaces nearest to the ground level will be the large recreational pool, gymnasium / physiotherapy and the hydrotherapy pool. Other spaces such as the rowing facility and the socially intergrated cafe will sit just above the river level to stimulate activity and to capture underlining views across the river. At the intermediate section of the building a horticultural garden will be placed ex-ternally as part of the landscape strategy, but will be within the wall parameters.

Through the production of these rational spaces, negative space will be avoided so that the design does not promote individualism, but a more cohesive response so the users are psychologically rehabilitated and not just physically.

Developing the Plan and Section“The Parti Diagram in context”

CONCEPT

Circulatory diagramAn analytical study using stairs, ramps and

extensive walls as components to form spatial

arrangements and internal spaces

Moment of discovery

Moment of choice

Moment of realisation

Moment of of informalityPublic

Private

Monolithic walls Establishing Thresholds

Stair ContraflowAccess for Ambulant

Ramping systemAccess for the Wheelchair

Formulation of internal spaceBuilding Hierarchy

An Exploratory Experience.

The Transitionary experience is achieved through the user going through a succession of internal environments, leading themselves to a set of water-led programmes; entering themselves into a world of weightlessness. The patients will begin their progression from the accommodation (opposite the Sanctuary), where the receptionist - giving them access to all the private therapeu-tic facilities and a personal access to the public cafe, will give them a pass or a key. Each of the scheduled spaces will be divided by 500mm thick monolithic walls, which would provide different thresholds; a moment of discovery; building entrance, a moment of choice; provision of different access routes through a series of ramps and stairs, a moment of realisation; where patients view other patients see what they are capable of and the moment of informality; at the end patients find themselves integrating with the general public in the cafe. As they reach the intermediate

section of the buidling, the internal spaces offer moments of release and breathing space.

The experience is designed to be a personal one, and although patients will be accustomed with a carer, the intention is for the patient to have as little supervision as possible. This is a four-week rehabilitation process and procedure, independence is a crucial factor that will determine the

patient’s mind-set and their lifestyle in the real world.

Site Plan diagram

Proposed Scheme

Plans Patient’s Perspective

ElevationsLong Section

Regulation Compliance

L e g e n d

1 Entrance

2 Reception

3 Admin/ Office

4 Day Hospital

5 Consultation Rooms

6 Circulation & Multi-purpose space

7 Exterior viewing platform

8 Recreational swimming pool

9 Mens changing/ shower rooms

10 Womens changing/ shower rooms

11 Physiotherapy & gymnasium

12 General public circulation corridor

13 Hydrotherapy

14 Horticultural garden

15 Chilled bar room

16 Mechanical room

17 Medical room

18 Rowing preparation space

19 Plant room and service

20 Publically opened Cafe

21 Terrace

Ground floor Plan Basement Level Plan Sub - Basement Level Plan

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A SEQUNTIAL JOURNEY

The patient and carer will always start their day at their accom-modation and within the 4-week stay period they have a choice to whether they want to visit the rehabilitation sanctuary. If they choose to enter the building they will be first faced with a recep-tionist and they will be questioned if they intend to use the Day hospital or go though a rehabilitation activity of their choice. The Day hospital is available as a drop-in facility.

However, to enter the rehab. sanctuary, they will be given a key or a card to access the activities that are behind close doors (giving them moments of discovery). As they pass the receptionist, they will view a series of circulation path, each leading to a specific re-habilitation activity or exercise. This will become their moment of choice. Each circulation path has both ramped and stair access to cater for those that are ambulant and for those in wheel chair. The circulation routes are designed to be quite narrow, allowing them just enough space to get though. This is so that when they reach their destination, the space their in suddenly expands; experienc-ing a moment of release. This approach is to establish a transition from the condensed urban city to the more revealing ambience of nature. This will be more evident as they reach the river if they decide to either take the route towards the cafe or the rowing.

The building is designed to be incredibly flexible for the user so that they are not restricted to ‘one dimensioned’ linear path in which they may not want a take. So therefore it is built to be their ‘playground’, where they can enjoy in what will become their life-style rather thinking that this is a process they are provoked to do.

The entrance is where the users of the building face their first threshold; where they transition from the public realm to an environment that most suit their requirements and needs; a movement towards the rusted iron oxide facade to the soft timber laminate and rendered interior. Here a receptionist will introduce them when they enter and at the tart of their stay a key will be given to them to access to all the facilities in the building. As this building includes a day hospital, the foyer area is open to paraplegic locals or public who intend to visit the ‘drop-in’ centre or for those who want to go through consultation. These spaces therefore provide a space for gathering and a place to convene and discuss their life stories to other patients. Since this area will act as a security barrier, it is paramount that at and around the entrance the most amounts of occupants will be at present at one time compared to anywhere else in the building. do.

ENTRANCE

The main swimming pool is the prime node of play; resembling the characteristics of a bath house in that it is open to all patients who are still going though the end phase of their rehabilitation process. The pool is positioned so that centred amongst circulation spaces on either side of the pool. This is so that as other pa-tients make their way to other destinations they view other patients conducting other activities, and in this case swimming. So therefore, within the context of performance, those that are doing the activity are the performers and those that are undergoing their journey towards a schedule of accomodation (i.e. those who are located within the circulation routes) are th spectators. This initiative was the main driver in manufactur-ing the circulation routes thoughout the building so that newly introduced patients are inspired by those who came before them. As the recreational pool is the largest floor area within the building it will act, so to speak, as the prominant auditorium or theatre space where cohesion will occur between the patient and the carer and between the patients.

Main Recreational Pool

The circulation is designed to be the focal point of the building because manoeuvring paraplegics has proven to be a contentious issue, especially if the building is not on one level. To tackle this design problem with-out causing or creating prejudice faults within the building was to provide flexible routes that will serve for those in a wheelchair and the ambulant. Although the desired direction of the circulation is linear, the paths do change in direction against the linear path at times to manifest more of an exploratory journey. The way these paths are designed is so that they harmonise with the landscape contours; making the landscape strategy and the buidling an integrated network that stretches out far and beyound. So by the time the user gets to the external garden, for example, the contours and the circulation route are not visually interpreted as separate entities.

Circulation

North Elevation 1:250

South Elevation 1:250

East Elevation 1:250

West Elevation 1:250

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Regulation Compliance“Part M - Access Strategy”

In accordance with Part M, provis ion has beenmade for people to gain access to and use thebui ld ing and i ts fac i l i t ies .

On Approach:

Two disabled park ing spaces are avai lable just off corn street ( to -wards the ex ist ing Green Park road) , 17m from the main entrance. A further control led drop-off space is avai lable in emergency s i tua-t ions next to the entrance. Newly addit ional park ing for other v is i -tors i s found 450m away at the transport trans i t locat ion. The area is with in a ‘shared space’ zone - pedestr ians and dr ivers have equal pr ior i t ies . This means that i t should be safer for pedestr ians as cars wi l l be dr iv ing more s lowly and thus making the environment more access ib le for the users of the bui ld ing. The main entrance is obvi -ous and wi l l be l i t up at n ight t ime. 2000m wide double automatic s l id ing doors a l lows ease of entrance. Level threshold at entrance.

Within the bui lding:

The recept ion desk is immediately v is ib le f rom the entrance and within 4 metres. There is no change in f loor level with in the ground f loor space. The ramped f loors are f lush with the concrete f loor f in ish at the d i fferent levels , making trans i t ion onto matt ing eas ier and with less of a tr ip hazard. This change in f loor f in ishes is ben-ef ic ia l for the v isual ly impaired. The l i f t are in convenient pos i -t ions located in areas where there is h igh intens i f icat ion or to l ink onespace to the other. Giv ing many l i f ts provides great f lex ib i l i ty of movement throughout the bui ld ing. Disabled WCs are located on both the ground f loor and basement levels

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“Part B - Fire Strategy”

B1 - Means of warning & escape

Ent ire bui ld ing is f i tted with automatic f i re detect ion and a larm systems in accordance with BS5839-1. A l l areas of the ground f loor are within 24m of anexit . A l l areas of the f i rst f loor are within 10m of an ex i t or sta irwel l . A large roof space provides exter ior escape points for the main spaces ( inc l . swimming and a cafe areas) on the basement level , where ladders can be used. A spr ink ler system wi l l be insta l led in ac -cordance with BS EN 12845:2004. Staff wi l l be tra ined to ass ist with evacuat ions.

B2 - Internal f i re spread ( l in ing)

Inter ior f in ishes to be f i re retardant. The greatest r isk for f i re spread is the g lu lam frame and structure is to be treated to minimise the impact . I t must have a minimum rat ing of 60 minutes and a spr ink ler system wi l l be in p lace.

B3 - Internal f i re spread (structure)

Any steel work used in the wal l structure wi l l be coat-ed to reduce the spread of f i re and i ts rate of growth. The re inforced concrete structure wi l l be inherent ly f i re retardant.

B4 - External f i re spread

Al l external br ickwork to have a 60 minute f i reres istant rat ing.F i re spread between bui ld ings is un-l ike ly due to l imited openings, spr ink ler system and heavyweight construct ion of both the gymnasium and publ ic cafe.

B5 - Access and fac i l i t ies for the f i re & rescueservice

Pr imary f i re vehic le access f rom Corn Street .Addit ional access f rom br idge and a long ther iver tow path. As three out of four s ides of the e leva-t ions are access ib le , the minimum area of per imeter access for f i re pumps is achieved.

View of Avon Street from proposed bridge [rehabilitation centre to left, commercial plaza to right]

THE TECTONIC Development

Materiality

Structure & Construction

1:20 Details

1:50 Detail

Evaluation

68

Detail Development

One of the main objectives of the building is for it to be hidden within the landscape, thus being a low-lying structure. For this reason the building function is sunken into the terrain to allow for easy access and navigation for the patients and for the users to gain greater privacy from the protected landscape. This creates the transition from public to private and then vice versa as the user travels from the sanctuary into the cafe. To achieve this in building form as well as having an aim to mitigate building costs, a load-bearing free-standing structure will be the desirable option.

From the initial design it was proposed that large monolithic con-crete (pigmented) walls would extend across the full length of the building to establish physical barriers from the public realm and for the building to mimic the monumental grandeur Bath Stone re-veals. However, this has proven to be unpractical with calculations that demonstrate high energy consumptions. It was therefore de-vised that a composite monolithic wall would reduce the amount of concrete used by nearly 50% and increases the acoustic thermal performance at the same time. Maintaining the concrete facing on the outside and using brick and timber facing on inside, would define a gradual shift atmospherically from a robust urban context to a more delicate natural environment as you get inside.

With a composite structure a lightweight roof framework would have to be addressed so that loadbearing walls are able to cope with the lateral loading. Nevertheless, the most important factor to consider with the roof is its cover as, due to its small scale, it can be view from all angles (ie coming in from train and from the hills). The primary intention was a green roof to blend in with the set landscape, but due to the building circumstances the green aesthetic will be resembled with the use of recycled copper-alloy based shingles. This cladded roof will corrode over time to and will reach its envisioned green colour after 30 years.

1:1 Developing detai lSection of patient’s perspective on terrace

Views of the Great hills of Bath

Copper-Alloybased roofing(Shingles)

Glulam roof framework

Iron-oxide pigmented concrete

In compliance with Part M building regulations

Copper-Alloybased roofing(Shingles)

Glulam roof framework

Iron-oxide pigmented concrete

Buidling Component Material Thickness Density MassEmbodied

EnergyEmbodied

Carbon

m m2 m3 kg/m3 kg MJ/m3 kgC02/kg

Earth Excava*on 247.500 74.250Founda*ons & FloorsConcrete River Level Founda*ons Concrete (50% GGBS RC40) 0.300 3564.000 712.000 2400.000 1708800.000 0.101 172588.800Ground Level Slabs Concrete (50% GGBS RC40) 0.300 1191.829 357.550 2400.000 858116.880 0.101 86670.000Upper Level Slabs Concrete (50% GGBS RC40) 0.300 338.000 101.403 2400.000 243367.200 0.101 24580.087

Reinforced all-‐cast concrete for slab General Steel 8.325 7800.000 64937.853 1.370 88964.860

Structural Load-‐bearing WallsExterior face precast concete panels (pigmented) Fibre cement panels 0.100 750.000 75.340 2400.000 180816.000 1.280 231444.480Interior face precast concete panels (pigmented) Fibre cement panels 0.050 376.000 37.670 2400.000 90408.000 0.640 57861.120Con*nuous Rigid Foam insula*on Polyurethane insula*on 0.050 1086.000 249.800 30.000 7494.000 3.480 26079.120C-‐Grid shear Truss connectors General Steel 8.325 7800.000 64937.810 1.370 88964.800Primary reinforced mesh General Steel 9.325 7800.000 72774.000 1.450 105522.300

Non -‐ load bearing internal wallsBlockwork Concrete Blocks 0.100 43.590 1450.000 63205500.000 0.073 4614001.500

RoofTimber Frame Beams Oak Glue Laminated Timber 0.25 7.50 750.00 1012500.00 0.87 880875.00Fill Rockwool 0.23 1340.00 308.20 24.00 14784.00 1.05 15523.20Cover Copper Shingles (average incl. 37% recycled) 0.02 1340.00 26.80 8600.00 230480.00 2.60 599248.00

WindowsExternal Aluminium frame 330.00 1319.53internal Timber frame 41.50 3237.89Skylights Aluminium frame 40.85 6976.45Glazed internal courtyard Aluminium clad *mber frame 43.4 1973.87

Total Floor Area (sqm) = 1529 67754915.743 7005831.00766,684.83 Ton per sqm

Amount

How much does building weigh? =

72

Wall Detail

Carboncast Wall Panels

200mm

75mm

100mm

Steel Mesh Steel/ carbon-fibre rebars

(reinforcement)

C - Grid Shear Trusses

Precast Concrete panels

(pigmented with iron oxide)

Top Left: 1:10 Detail of wall

construction in plan

Above: Isonometric of key

members in composite wall

(rendered by Khalid Aideed)

Grid reinforced concrete

Brick Facing

Gridded truss binding walls

together

rebars

Primary Structural Members

The proposed monolithic walls will be composed of carbon cast concrete wall panels (or sheets) that are pre-casted . These precast panels are 200mm externally and 50mm internally, which are reinforced individually with steel rebars. To bind these two walls together, C-grid shear trusses will be utilised to provide complete structural integrity in order for the walls to be self-supporting structures as well as being load - bearing. This composite wall will be highly insulated with polyu-rethane foam infill and this would be inserted in between the concrete walls; giving a low thermal conductivity.

This type of construction is key to this low-lying building and the building concept, providing lateral stability and a load path for the weight of the roof to follow into the foudations. It also a solution that minimizes the overall embodied carbon by using less with more; thinner, lighter and more cost effective than the use of steel with greater application of insulation. The combined hy-brid affect creates a sandwiched 350-400mm thick wall, in relation to just the 250mm of concrete on either side of the wall.

To ensure greater stability extruded pilasters or columns might have to be precasted from the external wall so that the load paths from the roof does not cause too much stress on the external wall. However, due to the lightweight nature of the glulam frame, this could be proved to be un-necessary.

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Roof Detail

Recreational

pool

Ramped circulation

1:50 SectionLocation of Roof Detail

1:20 SectionFinalised Roof Detail

74

Revised Cost Estimate “CONCLUSION”

Day Hospital & Consulation rooms (insulated) SubTotal 1 3 0 0 m 2 x £ 1 , 4 3 8 / s q m = £ 1 , 8 6 9 , 4 0 0

Circulation Corridors (covered) + complexity factor & Landscaping of 10%3 5 0 m 2 x £ 9 1 7 / s q m = £ 3 2 0 , 9 5 0

Physiotherapy & Gymnasium + contractor preliminaries and profit of 12%1 9 3 0 m 2 x £ 1 0 0 0 / s q m = £ 1 , 9 3 0 , 0 0 0

Swimming and hydrotherapy + Design and construction contingencies of 10%2 1 2 4 m 2 x £ 2 , 4 8 6 / s q m = £ 5 , 2 8 0 , 2 6 4

Rowing facility9 4 0 m 2 x £ 1 , 3 3 4 / s q m = 1 , 2 5 3 , 9 6 0 + Consultant and Statuary Fees 15%

Public Resturant1 2 2 9 m 2 x £ 1 0 0 0 / s q m = £ 4 , 3 5 0 , 0 0 0

= £15,004,574

= £16,505,031

= £16,805,122

= £17,485,634

= £17,255,260

The Building that has been proposed as multiple elements

to cope and cater for the users and the nature of providing

access on floors that has designed to be on different levels.

The expenses are therefore raised by the fact that there are

large floor areas to allow wheelchair individuals to manoeu-

vre through the circulation spaces and within the schedules

of accommodation. It also due to the complexities of the site

and that the building is sitting on a contoured topography

located adjacent to a river. So, as you can imagine, factors

need to be considered regarding the landscape, flood risk

defence and services, which aid the functioning of specific

areas of the building. From gathering all this information, I

have calculating a costing strategy that is accurate and co-

herent according to Building Cost Information Service (BCIS).

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Evaluation“Self-Appraisal”

Designing a building for paraplegic was a difficult and contentious issue to handle with due the patient’s form of access, how the proposal was going to add the extension to the general rehabilitation process and also my naivety of disabled or paraplegic individuals - as I have not experienced nor have I got any relations with a paraplegic. However, the underlining reason that drove me to deal with such programme like this, was the fact that handling with paraplegic and quadriplegics within the context of architecture is a matter that is not challenged enough, but rather left to the building regulations.

Whilst pursuing this programme I knew there were problems surrounding access and circulation but never did I believe the issue could be resolved and explored in how the individuals moved through space and how the barrier of ramps and stairs could be seen as a positive and a tool in enhancing the architectural qualities of such design. Nevertheless, it was felt that there were some limitations when trying to enforce these designs into a rational solution; a building only being set to be one story high unless extensive lifts were used. Gaining this great understanding had proven to me that more attention could be played into exploring new methodologies and principles of designing whereby access and circulation plays a key role in the building typology.

It was highlighted in the final crit that the scheme had potential to be examined even further and to investigate other build-ing that face a similar dilemma. I do feel however, during the design process I had been constraining myself in that I was only designing a building for paraplegics where the initial function was to integrate the patients into society after the af-termath of their spinal injury. In this sense it may seem a contradictory and thus if improvements were made, it would be to ensure that the paraplegic program would be entwined with a more public endorsed program, which would stimulate an activity for both parties to be part of.

KHALID AIDEED | Portfolio

Final year portfolio

Documents

Transcript of Final year portfolio