Final Training Manual1

8/12/2019 Final Training Manual1

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PMAS-UAAR-UIMS

FIRE SAFETY AND PREVENTIONSTr ainers Manual

Prepared By:

Haroon Amjad 09-ARID-898

Kashif Mehmood 09-ARID-910

Bilal Raza 09-ARID-889

JUNE 12, 2014XYZ

ABCD


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Table of ContentsTraining Session Plan ........ .................................. 2

Ice Breaker .. 3

Introduction to fire... 4

Classes of fire. .7

Fire prevention measures. 8

Emergency evacuation . 9

Evacuation drills.10

Prevention of fires. .11

Good housekeeping.15

Fire Extinguishers.. 16

How to use a fire extinguish er 17

Emergency First aids.. 18

Responsibilities of wardens 19

Fire safety signs ..20


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Training Sessions Plan:

Training will be based of two days having two sessions. Details are as follows.

Major Topics to be covered during the training:

IntroductionWhat is Fire?

Fire Hazards

Classes of Fire

Evacuation

Fire Prevention

Fire Fighting Equipment

Classes of ExtinguishersFirst Aid for Burns

Practical Demos

- Day 1 (Session 1)o Session time 2 hourso Topics to be covered

Introduction Housekeeping The Chemistry of Fire Fire Hazards Assessing Fire Risks Evacuating personnel Staff Accounting Assembly areas

- Day 2 (Session 2)o Session time 2 hourso Topics to be covered

Basic fire prevention Essentials of firefighting

Firefighting equipment, type and use Fire extinguishers including practical demos First Aid for Burns Role of Wardens Open Discussion


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Objectives of Training and a Brief Introduction:

- Conducting fire safety and prevention training is a prudent and wise step to close the gapin having a Safety culture.

- People play the most important role in protecting company assets and preventing fires inthe workplace.

- Numerous cases happened where due to staff carelessness, fires have happened causingmajor damage and financial loss.

Why is this training needed?

Due to uncertainty or sudden fire in:

- Data Centers- Personal computers- Electric Short Circuit-

Dustbin on fire- Generators

Who are to be trained?

- Executive officers- Engineers- Support Executives- Receptionists- Desk Job Personnels - Office Boys- Admin Staff- Security Guards

Ice Breaker:

Ask individuals that have they ever been victim of fire or have they seen any fire incident by theireyes

Ask if they have faced the incident with themselves and what did they do to tackle the incident.

Ask them if this happened with them in future what they would do.

If there are fire alarms in the building, ring the alarms in the first session start or second sessionstart.


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Introduction

The mission of our fire safety program is to broadly increase fire safety awareness, reducethe risk and number of fires, reduce loss of life, injury and property damage through educationtraining and inspection as well as policy and standard development. Our strategy to reduce fire

deaths and injuries is to focus on prevention by identifying and rectifying unsafe behaviors. Fire prevention training includes instructions on what should be done to reduce the potential for ignitionand fuel loads. Participants are trained to recognize potentially hazardous situations such assmoking, about open flames and candles as well as cooking fires including poor housekeeping

practices

What is a Fire?

A fire is a chemical reaction between a flammable material, Oxygen and a heat source. When the heat source reaches a certain temperature, it ignites the flammable material and

a fire starts. (Flashpoint)

Good & Bad traits of fires

The Fire Tetrahedron

Four things must be present at the same time in order to produce fire1. Enough oxygen to sustain combustion2. Enough heat to raise the material to its ignition temperature3. Some sort of fuel or combustible material, and4. The chemical, exothermic reaction that is fire

Oxygen, heat and fuel are frequently referred to as the fire triangle. Add the fourth element, the

chemical reaction, and you actually have the fire tetrahedron. The important thing to rememberis when you take any of these four things away, you will not have a fire, or the fire will beextinguished.Essentially, fire extinguishers put out fires by taking away one or more elements of the firetriangle/tetrahedron. Fire safety, at its most basic, is based upon the principle of keeping fuelsources and ignition sources separate.


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Take Away One and . no fire !

Fires Can Happen Anywhere

Homes Offices Airplanes Ships Apartments Vehicles More common, where?

Recent Major Fires

Karachi Ali Enterprises, 280 killed Lahore 28 killed Islamabad Airport 10Oct12 2 killed Wateen Telecom Head Office, Lahore Shaheed e Millat Secretariat, ISB Warid Regional Office, Blue Area, ISB Gakkhar Plaza, Rawalpindi 2007


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Taj Hotel, Mumbai Wateen HQ, Lahore

Group Exercise on fire Hazards:

Causes of Fire / Risks Poor Housekeeping (Flammable Waste) Paper Metals Cigarettes / Cigars Oils / Fuels Chemicals Severe Weather / Lightning Wood Electrical Gas Arson Cutting / Welding Sparks Open Flames Children playing with matches/lighters Heaters

Some Stats A Fire Brigade is called every 17 seconds somewhere in the US. Approx. 1,800,000 fires every year in the US. Smoking is the leading cause of fire related deaths Most residential fires and injuries happen due to cooking. Most fires happen in residences. F ir st Fi re Brigade and F ir e Engine Cincinnati, OH in 1853

Classes of FireThere are five classes of fires. All fire extinguishers are labeled using symbols for the classes offires they can put out. A red slash through any of the symbols tells you the extinguisher cannot be


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used on that class of fire. A missing symbol tells you only that the extinguisher has not been testedfor that class of fire.1. Class A fires involve paper, wood, and other ordinary combustibles.

2. Class B fires involve flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, and some paints and solvents.

3. Class C fires involve energized electrical equipment such as power tools, wiring, fuse boxes,appliances, TVs, computers, electric motors, etc.

4. Class D fires involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, potassium, and sodium.

5. Class K fires involve grease in commercial cooking equipment.

FIRE PREVENTION MEASURES

Program StrategiesFires require fuel, an adequate oxygen supply, and an ignition source to start. Fire prevention isaccomplished by maintaining control over one of the three required elements that, when broughttogether, cause fires. The strategies we follow will include the following:

1. Implement a program that targets preparation, prevention and emergency preparednessand evacuation.2. Proper handling of combustible and flammable materials.3. Proper handling and control of all ignition sources.4. Implement safe housekeeping practice that reduces the risk of fire danger.


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5. Install a reliable fire protection system and maintenance procedures.6. Disseminate fire safety information through education, training and other means ofawareness program.

Fire Prevention Plan:

The purpose of the plan is to eliminate the causes of fire and prevent loss of life and property by fire. The plan provides faculty, staff and students with information and guidelineswhich will assist in recognizing, reporting and controlling as well as eliminating the causes of firesand fire hazards.

Program Elements will include:1. Identifying potential fire hazards one of which is the proper handling of combustible and

flammable materials.2. Control and proper usage of ignition sources mainly electricity which is the major

ignition source in all occupancies. Ignition sources also exist in chemical and mechanical forms.Smoking, open flames like candles and hot burners as well heat producing elements.

The major causes of fire at the workplace include poor housekeeping, improper storage and use offlammable materials, overloaded electrical outlets and extension cords, misuse of heat producingappliances including space heaters, unsupervised cooking, and improper disposal of smokingmaterials on campus grounds. Implementing fire prevention measures is the key in an attempt toinsure ones personal safety.

Prevention Measures Make certain that a copy of the "Fire and Emergency Procedures" is posted in a conspicuouslocation on each floor. Have an understanding and knowledge of the contents of the "Fire and Emergency Procedures." Recognize all possible risks associated with an activity or process and eliminate it by controllingsources of ignition and properly managing combustible and flammables. Regularly observe emergency evacuation routes, fire extinguishers, and emergency and exitlights. Immediately report any missing equipment or any other problems discovered to EH&S. Encourage occupants to actively parti cipate in fire drills that are conducted regularly. Regularly observe the lobby, corridors, stairwells, and keep them clear of obstructions. Regularly observe all exits to keep them clear of obstructions AT ALL TIMES. Report any tampering with the fire alarm, smoke detection and suppression systems to EH&S.


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Regularly observe fire doors to make certain they are closed at all times; report inoperable doorsto Physical Plant or the respective maintenance offices. Inspect offices in search of:

o Overloaded circuits

o Frayed or damaged electrical cordso Improperly used extension cordso Improperly used appliances

EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURESThe purpose of the Emergency Evacuation Procedures is to establish minimum requirements thatwill provide a reasonable degree of life safety from fire and similar emergencies in Florida AtlanticUniversity buildings and structures. The Emergency Evacuation Procedures will be utilized toevacuate all occupants during a fire emergency. Failure to leave the building when a fire evacuationalarm is sounding is a violation of state law.

Emergency Evacuation

General Information

What conditions may warrant evacuation of a building? Fire, Bomb Threat, Hazardous Material Spill, Hostile Intruder, Utility Failure, etc.

What should I know about the building evacuation plan? KNOW the evacuation plan of the building and where to find it. (Consult Building SafetyPersonnel) KNOW the location of all exits for the building. KNOW the locations of emergency equipment (i.e., fire extinguishers, pull stations,emergency telephones, etc.). KNOW the location of the assembly area outside the building. ASSIST and participate in fire drills.

What should I do to initiate a fire alarm to evacuate a building? Activate Fire Alarm Pull Station Located At Various Places Along Exit Routes.

Individuals Requiring AssistanceWhat should I know as an individual requiring assistance? LEARN the locations of exit corridors, exit s tairways and designated areas of refuge. PLAN an escape route. TELL a co -worker or instructor how to assist you in case of emergency.


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What should I do, as an individual requiring assistance, during a building evacuation? WAIT near the closest st airway, entrance or designated area of refuge and wait forassistance from others.

What should I know/or do to help individuals requiring assistance? KNOW the needs and capabilities of people requiring assistance who are routinely in

your work area. ASK how you can help anyone requiring assistance before giving it The orderly exit of people from a building, locality or confined space, carried out to prevent

casualties. Fire drills ensure the efficient and safe use of the exit facilities available in thecase of an emergency.

Proper drills ensure orderly exit under control and prevent the panic that has beenresponsible for much of the loss of life in major fire disasters

Evacuation Drills Shouts of Fire, Panic Alarms, etc. Orderly fashion, single file

Leave belongings No elevators Assembly Areas

Primary, Secondary Ideally 100m/300ft away Must be Marked

People with Disabilities Checking of Floors Staff Accounting Going back inside upon clearance

Evacuation Diagram Sample:


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Smoke Inhalation

Most deaths occur due to smoke inhalation, not the actual fire. Lie down low and crawl your way out Cover your mouth and nose with a damp towel or cloth

Prevention of Fires

Install Smoke and heat detectors Dont burn wood or leaves around your premises When using decorative lighting, turn off before going to sleep. Clean and adjust thermostats. Check any heaters for problems, keep 3ft away from any combustibles. Have a Fire Safety Plan and share/discuss Avoid Smoking near hazardous material/indoors Keep matches/lighters away from children

Use FR Cables Know your exits both at home and office Fire Brigade know your Emergency numbers

Good House Keeping

Fire doors must be kept closed at all times unless they are held open by an approved deviceconnected to the fire alarm system.

Exits, stairways and passageways leading to and from exits must be kept free ofobstructions at all times. Furnishings, decorations, combustible objects, or flammablesmust not block exits, access to exits, or any means of egress.

Dispose of all trash as soon as possible in trashcans or dumpsters. Waste materials mustnever be piled in corridors or stairwells while awaiting removal.

Flammable materials should be present in the work area only in the quantities required forthe day s job. These materials must be placed in an approved storage area at the end ofeach day.

Materials must not obstruct sprinkler heads or be piled around fire extinguishers, fire alarm pull stations, or sprinkler and stand pipe control values. To obtain proper distribution ofwater from sprinklers, a minimum of 18 inches of clear space is required below sprinklerdeflectors.

Keep all exits clear and immediately accessible. Keep a 36 inch clearance around all electrical panels. Make sure fire extinguishers are easily accessible and items are not stored on them. Make sure emergency lighting is not obstructed by storage items. Keep stairs clear of debris and storage items. Cut down/remove weeds and brush from around buildings. Remove excessive dust, cobwebs, and other potential combustibles. Keep chemicals (cleaners, pesticides, etc.) away from ignition sources.


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Smoking Make sure cigarettes are discarded in the designated area. Make sure the cigarette is completely out when leaving it. Do not smoke while fueling your vehicle. Only smoke in designated areas so that hot ashes do not come in contact with

combustible items.

Electrical Wiring and Appliances Supervisors should periodically inspect all electrical equipment and cords to ensure proper useand safe conditions. Improper use of electrical devices to obtain more outlet capacity can result inoverloaded circuits and fire. The use of extension cords should be minimal and used only when a flexible, temporaryconnection is necessary. The cord and the outlet should be checked periodically to ensureoverheating is not occurring. Extension cords cannot be used for fixed wiring, and should never

be tacked, stapled, tied, hidden under rugs or draped over pipes or other supports, fastened to orthrough woodwork, ceilings or walls. When there is a permanent need of an electrical outlet, one

should be installed through proper work order or minor project request. Extension cords are permitted to be used as permanent wiring at any time. However surge protectors are permitted. They must plug directly to a wall outlet and the equipment must bedirectly plugged into the surge protector. All surge protectors are to be UL listed and bear the ULsymbol. The following are some of the items that are not permitted.

o Three way outlet splices (the little box that makes one plug into three)o Outlet boxes (usually silver box with 4 plugs on top and a long black cord)o Home use extension cords (usually brown, green or white light weight cords)o Heavy duty extension cords (when not being used temporarily)

Be sure all electrical equipment is properly grounded. If any evidence is found of frayed, crackedor damaged wiring or electrical outlets, the equipment affected should be taken out of service untilrepairs are made.

Space heaters, coffee makers, microwave ovens, toasters and all other appliances with exposedheating elements should never be left unattended while in operation. Space heaters should not be

placed under desks or in other enclosed areas. These appliances should be unplugged after eachuse and stored only after they are cool enough to touch. They should be operated away fromcombustible materials such as files, curtains, trash containers, etc., AND MUST BE KEPT ATLEAST 3 FEET AWAY FROM ALL COMBUSTIBLE AND FLAMMABLE MATERIALS.


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Data Center: (Fire Outcomes)

Fire Safety equipment:


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Whats Wrong here?

Make Sure Your Cabling & Wiring is Well Organized

Surviving a Fire How to Survive a Fire Dont get trapped Dont delay evacuation Cover your mouth and nose with a damp cloth (when possible) Keep low to the floor Dont hide Be determined to survive; willpower, adrenaline. If clothes catch fire: Stop, Drop and Roll Onc e out of the building, dont re -enter till Clearance is given by Safety & Security

In charge!


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Types of Extinguisher

Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight different classes of fire. The extinguishermust be appropriate for the type of fire being fought.

Pressurized water extinguishers are being phased out because they do not work with class B andC fires. They can be used for ordinary combustibles like wood, paper, many plastics, cloth andrubber.

Carbon dioxide extinguishers are generally used in areas of sensitive electrical or electronicequipment since it is gas and leaves no residue that damages the equipment. Carbon dioxidefunctions by removing or displacing the oxygen in a fire. It is a non-flammable gas, extremelycold.

Dry chemical fire extinguishers are by far the most common on campus. ABC or multipurposefire extinguishers are effective on all three classes of fires. Dry chemicals function by interrupting

the chain reaction of the fire tetrahedron. The extinguishers are pressurized with nitrogen gas asan expellant. They can be used on class A, B and C fires. Dry chemical extinguishers put out fires

by coating the fuel with thin layer of chemical dust. This in turn separates the fuel from the oxygenin the air. The powder has also the ability to interrupt the chemical chain reaction of the fire. Theseare the most common extinguishers found on campus since they are very effective at extinguishingfires.

K-Class Extinguisher: A K Class extinguisher contains a wet chemical that is composed of potassium based solution. They are used on kitchen fires that involve high temperature cookingoils and deep fat fryers. The solution provides both a cooling effect on the fire as well as forming

a blanket on top of the fire cutting off the oxygen.Fire Extinguisher:


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How to Use a Fire ExtinguisherIt is easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you can remember the acronym PASS ,which stands for PULL, AIM, SQUEEZE , and SWEEP .

PASS Method P Pull the pin. Hold the extinguisher with nozzle pointing away

from you and release the locking mechanismA Aim low. Point the extinguisher at the base of the fireS Squeeze the lever slowly and evenlyS Sweep the nozzle from side to side.


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Rules for Fighting FiresFires can be very dangerous and you should always make certain to not endanger yourself or otherswhen attempting to put out a fire. For this reason, when a fire is discovered:

Assist any person, who is in any immediate danger to safety, if it can be accomplishedwithout risk to you. Activate the building fire alarm system or notify the fire department by dialing 911. Whenyou activate the building fire alarm system, it will automatically notify the fire departmentand get help on the way. It will also sound the building fire alarm system to notify otheroccupants, and it will shut down the air-handling units to prevent the spread of smokethroughout the building. Only after completing the above two, you may use an extinguisher if you are trained andthe fire is small.

However, before deciding to fight the fire, keep these rules in mind:

NEVER FIGHT A FIRE IF: You do not know what is burning and you do not know what type of fire extinguisherto use. Even if you have an ABC extinguisher, there may be something in the fire, whichcould explode or produce toxic smoke. Chances are you know what is burning, or at leasthave a pretty good idea, but if you do not know, let the fire department handle it. The fire is spreading rapidly beyond the spot where it is started. The time to use thefire extinguisher is in the recipient, or beginning stages of the fire. If the fire is spreadingquickly, it is best to simply evacuate the building, closing windows and doors as you leave.

Do Not Attempt to Fight a Fire Unless

You have had recent hands-on training with fire extinguishers & fire is only in incipientstage Check Smoke density

You have the correct extinguisher for the type of fire You are absolutely sure you can put the fire out, AND You will not endanger yourself or others


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Burn Injuries and Scarring

First Aid for Burns

Immediate COLD WATER Avoid covering with any cloth till completely dry Avoid ointments/lotions for the first 8 hours Degrees of Burns 1st, 2nd, 3 rd Hospital Acid Burns similar Scars/Infections

Responsibilities of Wardens

Be a Coordination point for Safety in their respective areas. Maintain an updated list of staff in their area/floor. During emergencies/evacuations, Wardens will be responsible for their floor count

and making sure everyone has left. Report any emergencies, safety issues as soon as they become known. Assist any staff with mobility impairment. Brief Emergency Services, Safety or Security staff with full details of incident. Attend Safety briefings when scheduled. During an emergency, wear identification clothing, e.g. jacket, arm band, etc. Raising Alarms


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Fire Safety Signs:

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