Airpocalypse In India

Sachin Aji Bhaskar ESL 015, Section 019Jonathan Lehtonen4/19/2015

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Background of Air pollution

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• Particulate Matter (PM) is the cause for decline in life expectancy in India (Nazakat, S. 2015)

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• Air Pollution by vehicles (67%) caused by a vehicular population of 3.4 million is Delhi alone

• Growth rate of vehicles= 7% per year (Rizwan, S., Nongkynrih, B., & Gupta, S. K. 2013)

• Contents of air pollutants are NOx, PM, CO, and Hydrocarbons (HC)

Solution

Euro III/IV standards Euro V standards Euro VI standards

• Government of India should implement Euro VI standards as soon as possible

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According to The International Council of Clean Transportation http://www.theicct.org/sites/all/themes/icct/img/logo-hi.png

Euro VI Standards• Set of legislations created by European Commission

• States maximum values for what is allowed to come out of exhaust

• Standards brought about by using technology

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(The AA, 2014)

SCR

Technology used for fulfilling Euro VI standards

Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) or Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)All images from http://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/Walsh_Bangalore_july2012.pdf

But Why Euro VI ?

http://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_IndiaRetrospective_2013.pdf

• There could be a 90% or greater reduction of PM2.5 emissions

• Realistic reduction in NOx emissions by almost 95% (Accelerating progress from Euro4/IV to Euro6/VI vehicle emission standards, 2015)

World Class ScenarioEuro VI

standards

DPF DOC 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%90%

20%

85%

40%

90%

50%

% Reduction of Pollutants In Mexico Using Technology on Buses

PM CO HC

Real Life Experiments of using DOC and DPF

Similar retrofit program in China resulted in conversion Efficiency between 3.5 to 22% for PM reduction

(Cleaning up Urban Bus Fleets With a focus on developing and transition countries, 2014)

Isn’t adopting Euro VI standards costly?Net cost for cleaner vehicles and fuels would be $14.5 billion for World Class Scenario

Health benefits under same scenario are estimated athttp://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_IndiaRetrospective_2013.pdfHOWEVER

, $43.8 billion

Conclusion

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Implement Euro VI standards

WHY?

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References

• Accelerating progress from Euro4/IV to Euro6/VI vehicle emission standards (2015, March) The International Council On Clean Transportation. Retrieved from http://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_EuroVI_briefing_20150304.pdf

• Bansal G. and Bandivadekar A. (2013) The International Council On Clean Transportation. OVERVIEW OF INDIA’S VEHICLE EMISSIONS CONTROL PROGRAM, PAST SUCCESSES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS. Retrieved from http://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_IndiaRetrospective_2013.pdf

• Chakravartty A. (2015, Mar 11) DowEuro V standard has failed to curb pollutants: experts. Retrieved from http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/euro-v-standard-has-failed-curb-pollutants-experts

• Cleaning up Urban Bus Fleets With a focus on developing and transition countries (2009, September) United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved from http://www.unep.org/transport/pcfv/PDF/Retrofit.pdf

• Euro emission standards, Progressively tighter exhaust emissions limits to improve air quality and health (2014, Dec 15) The AA. Retrieved from https://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/fuels-and-environment/euro-emissions-standards.html

• Jha, D. N. (2014, Dec 5). Air pollution affecting even foetal growth. Retrieved from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/pollution/Air-pollution-affecting-even-foetal-growth/articleshow/45379136.cms

• Nandi, J. (2015, Mar 18) 'India must leapfrog to Euro VI as benefits outweigh costs' Retrieved from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/pollution/India-must-leapfrog-to-Euro-VI-as-benefits-outweigh-costs/articleshow/46602975.cms

• Nazakat, S. (2015, Mar 01). Air in Delhi is world's worst, 13 other Indian cities aren't far behind. The Christian Science Monitor .Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1658942070?accountid=13158

• Rizwan, S., Nongkynrih, B., & Gupta, S. K. (2013). Air pollution in Delhi: Its magnitude and effects on health. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 38(1), 4-8.

• Walsh, P.M. (2012, July) The International Council For Clean Transportation. Reducing Air Pollution from Buses and Commercial Vehicles. Retrieved from http://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/Walsh_Bangalore_july2012.pdf