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FINAL: Simple site water balance - Yoongarillup mineral ...
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Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia Pty Limited
ABN 80 078 004 798
Level 5 503 Murray StreetPerth WA 6000PO Box 7181Cloisters Square WA 6850AustraliaTel: +61 8 9489 9700Fax: +61 8 9489 9777Email: [email protected]
www.pbworld.com
Certified to ISO 9001, ISO 14001, AS/NZS 4801A GRI Rating: Sustainability Report 2011
Our ref: 2200516A-RES-LTR-002 RevB
2200516A-RES-LTR-002 RevB:GN/GN: 1/14
24 January 2014
Amy WaltonProject Manager - YoongarillupDoral Mineral SandsLot 7 Harris RoadPICTON WA 6229
Dear Amy
FINAL: Simple site water balance - Yoongarillup mineral sands project
1. Introduction
Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia Pty Limited (Parsons Brinckerhoff) were engaged by Doral Mineral Sands PtyLtd (Doral) to conduct a simple site water balance for the proposed Yoongarillup mineral sands project.Concurrently, Parsons Brinckerhoff have been undertaking both a surface water and groundwaterassessment as part of the environmental approvals process. Results obtained from these assessments havebeen used in developing a site water balance model in GoldSim. This report outlines our approach anddetails findings of the water balance modelling exercise.
2. Objective and scope of works
The objective of the site water balance assessment is to satisfy the EPA requirements prescribed in the ESD(dated January 2013). This assessment satisfies the requirement to “devise a simple site water balance todemonstrate water security for the life of the mine.”
A simple site water balance has been developed to establish a monthly water balance for the life of the mineshowing how demand for groundwater abstraction (specifically that derived from the Yarragadee aquifer)changes at various stages through the mine schedule.
The output is a series of monthly charts/tables consisting of nett groundwater abstraction (Yarragadee),water derived from pit inflows and water demand.
3. Methodology
GoldSim was used to develop a site water balance on a monthly basis to estimate water requirementsthroughout the life of the mine. GoldSim is a computer simulation software widely used for mine site waterbalance studies. The GoldSim model was used to calculate the volume of water in storages at the end ofeach day, accounting for daily rainfall-runoff inflow, pit inflows and evaporation from the storage, water usageand pumping from storages to meet demands. Figure A attached shows a simple schematic of the storages.
2200516A-RES-LTR-002 RevB:GN/GN: 2/14
The model was simulated using 53 realisations (i.e. sequences) of rainfall and evaporation data, developedby ‘stepping through’ the historical climate data for the period July 1957 to end October 2013. The firstrealisation started on 1 July 1957, the second realisation on 1 July 1958 etc. Note that the 3-year durationrealisations overlap each other by one year.
4. Model inputs
4.1 Rainfall and evaporation data
Rainfall and evaporation data from the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) at the stations in Table 1 were used forthe GoldSim modelling. These stations were chosen as they are closest to the site with the longest history ofrecord. The rainfall stations in the local area were also analysed by the Parsons Brinckerhoff surface waterassessment (2200516A-RES-LTR-001 RevA dated 6 /12/13) which informed the most suitable rainfall recordto use for this site water balance.
Table 1 Climate data used in GoldSim
Station Number Description Period of record availableBOM 9771 Daily rainfall - Yoongarillup 1957 - 2013BOM 9842 Daily evaporation - Jarrahwood 1975 – 2008, 2012 – 2013
Gaps in the evaporation data (1957 – 1975 and 2008 – 2012) were filled based on calculating a dailyhistorical value from that station for each day of the year. The diurnal and seasonal evaporation pattern wascaptured by the daily average and was considered adequate to use for this simple site water balance. Thecompleted rainfall and evaporation dataset from July 1957 to October 2013 was utilised in the GoldSimmodel.
4.2 Groundwater allocation
For the purposes of conducting this assessment, it is assumed that groundwater allocation is available tosupplement direct rainfall captured by active mining cells and the process water dam (PWD) along with pitinflows to meet demands. Operating levels in the PWD will be maintained by pumping from the Yarragadeeaquifer as required to maintain the dam at 80% capacity. Groundwater abstraction has been represented inthe model based on a nominal maximum pumping rate of 50 L/s from two production bores with an annualextraction limit of 1.6GL as advised by Doral. “Additional off-site water” in the model has been used toquantify any additional volume of groundwater that may be required beyond 50L/s.
4.3 Groundwater pit inflows
Inflows from groundwater into the active mining cells (also referred to in other studies as the ‘pit’) have beenestimated by the groundwater modelling predictions as of 19/12/13. Monthly pit inflows are shown in Table 2and Figure 1. For further information on pit inflows, refer to the groundwater modelling reportHydrogeological investigation and groundwater modelling report.
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Figure 1 Monthly pit inflow
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Table 2 Pit inflows to active mining cells
Month Daily pit inflows (ML) Monthly pit inflow (ML)Jul-15 0.377 11.69Aug-15 0.110 3.41Sep-15 0.239 7.17Oct-15 0.148 4.59Nov-15 0.125 3.75Dec-15 0.084 2.60Jan-16 0.206 6.39Feb-16 0.034 0.95Mar-16 0.026 0.81Apr-16 0.023 0.69May-16 0.021 0.65Jun-16 0.019 0.57Jul-16 0.018 0.56Aug-16 0.017 0.53Sep-16 0.016 0.48Oct-16 0.016 0.50Nov-16 0.015 0.45Dec-16 0.410 12.71Jan-17 0.656 20.34Feb-17 1.575 44.10Mar-17 0.766 23.75Apr-17 0.451 13.53May-17 0.788 24.43Jun-17 1.018 30.54Jul-17 0.666 20.65Aug-17 0.544 16.86Sep-17 0.522 15.66Oct-17 0.365 11.32Nov-17 0.328 9.84Dec-17 0.312 9.67Jan-18 0.119 3.69Feb-18 0.070 1.96Mar-18 0.025 0.78
2200516A-RES-LTR-002 RevB:GN/GN: 5/14
4.4 Process water dam
The process water dam (PWD) provides the main water supply from which all process water demands aresourced. Flows into the PWD include recycled process water, water from mine site dewatering operations (pitinflows), runoff from impervious areas of the site such as roads, buildings/structures and hardstands, directrainfall that falls over the surface of the PWD and groundwater pumped from the Yarragadee aquifer. ThePWD will be located in mining cells 10 and 12 and has an assumed surface area of 1.122 ha. The PWD isproposed to be at least 10 m deep with a capacity of approximately 113.4 ML (based on the approximation of3 weeks of groundwater pumping = 80% capacity).
Losses due to seepage have not been included in the GoldSim model as they are considered mnior whencompared to water demands and evaporation. It is assumed that over time fines will settle out of the watercolumn and accumulate at the bottom of the storage to form a relatively impermeable layer.
4.5 Demands
Doral have mapped the water requirements for the wet plant processing and mining operations calculatingthat 180 TPH of water (based on an average mining rate of 200 TPH) will be required to be sourced fromgroundwater bores to supplement the other water sources flowing back into the PWD. This equates to4.32ML/day of nett water demand. The demands that were inputted into the model are summarised in Table3. Figure B attached shows the nett water demand require from bores (163 TPH), with an additional 17 TPHto cater for the use of water carts around the site.
Table 3 Monthly average site demands
Month Mining rate TPHraw product
TPH nett waterrequired per 200TPH
Daily average(ML/day)
Monthly average(ML/month)
Jul-15 to Feb-18 200 180.0 4.320 129.60Mar-18 148 133.2 3.197 95.91
4.6 Catchments
Runoff from impervious areas including the access road, concentrator and workshop/parking areas havebeen assumed to be captured and directed to the PWD, via a small local drainage system. A runoffcoefficient of 90% has been used for impervious areas. Impervious area footprints used as catchmentsdraining to PWD are shown in Table 4. The impervious areas are assumed to remain constant over the life ofthe mine.
Table 4 Impervious areas
Catchment Footprint (ha)Access road 1.829Process plant 1.258
Workshop 0.323Admin/carpark 1.147
Stockpiles 1.228TOTAL 5.784
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Other disturbed areas such as the solar evaporation ponds (SEPs) and the drop out pond have not beenincluded in the site water balance modelling as storages given the dynamic timing of their construction. It isassumed that return water from SEPs, nett of evaporation has been taking into account in the nettgroundwater calculation from Doral (shown in Figure B attached).
Clean water runoff from the natural catchment upstream will be diverted around the site so that downstreamflows can be maintained. Monthly runoff coefficients used for simulating rainfall-runoff from the naturalcatchment are listed in Table 5 and have been sourced from the updated surface water assessment(2200516A-RES-LTR-001 RevA dated 6 /12/13).
Table 5 Natural catchment runoff coefficients
Month Average monthly runoff coefficientJanuary 0.029February 0.001
March 0.001April 0.000May 0.001June 0.020July 0.084
August 0.190September 0.240
October 0.299November 0.148December 0.103
4.7 Mine cell layout
Table 6 summarises the mining cells that are active during each month, based on the Doral mining schedule(see Figure C attached). The water balance model applies direct rainfall to mining cells that are active.Infiltration of rainwater over mining cells that are not active have been taken into account in the groundwatermodelling. It has been assumed the mine is progressively rehabilitated, i.e. once one cell is mined, they willbe backfilled before progressing to the next cell.
Table 6 Mining schedule
Month Active mining cells Surface area for direct rainfall (ha)Jul-15 14, 15 2.800Aug-15 14, 15 2.800Sep-15 14, 15, 17 4.405Oct-15 16, 17, 18 3.231Nov-15 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 5.101Dec-15 19, 20, 21 3.033Jan-16 19, 20, 21, 22, 24 14.207Feb-16 21, 22, 24 12.337Mar-16 24, 25 8.807Apr-16 24, 25 8.807May-16 24, 25 8.807
2200516A-RES-LTR-002 RevB:GN/GN: 7/14
Month Active mining cells Surface area for direct rainfall (ha)Jun-16 24, 25 8.807Jul-16 24 8.231Aug-16 24 8.231Sep-16 24 8.231Oct-16 24 8.231Nov-16 24 8.231Dec-16 24, 13 12.086Jan-17 24, 12 9.658Feb-17 10, 11, 12, 13 8.648Mar-17 10, 12, 13 7.273Apr-17 10, 13 5.846May-17 8, 9, 10, 13 10.371Jun-17 7, 11, 13 6.348Jul-17 7, 10, 11, 13 8.339Aug-17 6, 7, 9, 10 7.635Sep-17 5, 6, 9 5.869Oct-17 5, 8, 9 5.868Nov-17 2, 4, 5, 7 4.519Dec-17 2, 5, 6 ,7 6.247Jan-18 2, 4, 5 3.401Feb-18 2, 23 3.069Mar-18 23 1.625
5. Assumptions
The assumptions that have been used for the site water balance are:
2 bores pumping a total combined rate of 50L/s (daily average 4.32 ML/day), with an annualvolumetric limit of 1.6GL
All pit inflows entering the mining cells are pumped straight to the PWD and no water is “stored” inthe active mining cells
Pit will be dewatered as required so no constraints on dewatering pumping rate from mine cells toPWD
The drop out pond has not been included in the water balance model – they are assumed to beslime ponds.
SEPs have not been included in the water balance model as the return water from these ponds hasbeen taken into account in the overall net water demand calculation from Doral.
Losses due to seepage from PWD have not been modelled since seepage is considered small tonegligible (this is consistent with the groundwater modelling report)
Mining commences from 1 July 2015 and ends 31 March 2018 “Year” refers to the water year, starting 1 July Water balance simulation starts from 1 July 2015 No potable water has been included in the model at this stage for drinking, washing, toilet flushing
etc.
2200516A-RES-LTR-002 RevB:GN/GN: 8/14
The model has assumed that the PWD is 80% full at the start of the simulation. It is likely that thePWD will be constructed in March/April 2015 with groundwater to fill the dam prior tocommencement of mining in July 2015.
The full capacity of the PWD is 113.4 ML. It will be operated to maintain 80% capacity. Pumping from the groundwater bores to the PWD occurs when the PWD falls below 80%. The bores
can pump at maximum rate of 50 L/s to return the PWD volume back to 80%. All nett demands are drawn from the PWD Evaporation has been applied to the PWD based on its surface area of 1.112 ha regardless of its
volume and this assumes that the dam has vertical walls. In reality, the evaporation over the PWDwater surface area will vary based on the volume of water in the dam at the end of each day and thedesign of the dam. The model is sensitive to evaporation and evaporative losses may beoverestimated in this model using a constant water surface area.
Inflows to the PWD are dependent on catchment area and staging of the diversion drains on site. Ithas been assumed that there is only 5.784ha of impervious surfaces being captured by the dam andstaging of runoff from different surfaces has not been taken into account.
The flow path on the eastern side of the mine lease has been assumed to pass through the middle ofSEPs 7, 8, 9. The clean water runoff has been calculated based on the pit intercept catchmentdelineated for the surface water assessment (2200516A-RES-LTR-001 RevA dated 6 /12/13).
6. Results
6.1 Meeting water demands
Figure 2 shows the water supplied from site which includes runoff, direct rainfall and pit inflows. Figure 2shows that during the wetter months there is still only approximately 2ML of inflows from site and thereforethe nett water demand will still require pumping of groundwater from the Yarragadee aquifer.
Table 7 shows the amount of off-site water required to meet demands, based on the 53 water balancerealisations. From Table 7 it can be seen that even under wet climatic conditions, a large proportion of sitedemands cannot be met by runoff and direct rainfall captured by the active mining cells and impervious areasas well as the pit inflows. The nett water demand can be up to approximately 129.6ML required per monthand therefore even during a wet year, groundwater will be required to supplement the nett demand. Duringdry years nearly all of the water demand will have to be sourced from groundwater because any rainfall thatoccurs during these months will be lost to evaporation.
Figure 3 shows the groundwater use over the simulated mining period. It can be seen that 1.GL ofgroundwater is sufficient to meet demands and groundwater available does not fall below 0ML. This meansthat a pumping rate of 50L/s is adequate to meet the unmet demands.
2200516A-RES-LTR-002 RevB:GN/GN: 9/14
Table 7 Total estimate volume of water required from groundwater ML/month
Month 10th percentile 50th percentile(median)
90th percentile Greatest result(driest on record)
Jul-15 92.4 103.1 107.7 111.3Aug-15 111.6 117.7 121.6 125.1Sep-15 109.3 113.6 117.8 119.4Oct-15 120.0 124.6 127.2 128.8Nov-15 120.3 123.5 125.3 125.3Dec-15 127.0 129.6 129.6 129.6Jan-16 128.1 129.6 129.6 129.6Feb-16 120.2 121.0 121.0 121.0Mar-16 127.6 129.6 129.6 129.6Apr-16 116.3 124.6 125.3 125.3May-16 104.0 118.6 125.9 129.6Jun-16 87.1 104.1 117.1 120.0Jul-16 94.2 109.8 118.4 123.7Aug-16 106.0 115.5 121.8 126.3Sep-16 110.4 116.9 121.4 122.9Oct-16 121.1 126.0 128.7 129.6Nov-16 119.9 123.8 125.3 125.3Dec-16 125.2 129.6 129.6 129.6Jan-17 124.2 129.1 129.6 129.6Feb-17 84.9 89.6 92.1 94.1Mar-17 110.2 115.7 117.4 119.1Apr-17 104.8 112.7 117.1 118.2May-17 78.4 96.1 104.3 108.3Jun-17 63.4 79.8 90.7 93.3Jul-17 77.1 91.9 99.9 105.3Aug-17 92.4 102.1 107.8 113.1Sep-17 100.4 105.0 109.9 111.7Oct-17 113.4 119.4 122.6 124.7Nov-17 116.2 119.9 121.8 123.0Dec-17 123.6 129.2 129.5 129.6Jan-18 128.8 129.6 129.6 129.6Feb-18 116.6 116.6 116.6 116.6Mar-18 95.4 99.8 101.6 102.6
2200516A-RES-LTR-002 RevB:GN/GN: 10/14
Figure 2 Estimated water supplied from site runoff, rainfall and pit inflows (ML/d)
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PWD_catch_runoff PWD_direct_rainfall Pump_to_PWD_from_pit
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Figure 3 Groundwater available over the life of the mine
6.2 Process water dam capacity
The PWD has an assumed capacity of 113.4ML (refer to section 4.4). A check of containment of thegreatest inflow from the largest event in the historical rainfall record was carried out. Figure 2 shows thatduring the largest inflow based on the wettest year on record, the dam would contain approximately113.1ML (based on the assumed catchment areas directed to this dam). This inflow was close to the 100year 72 hour design rainfall for this location.
It has been assumed that pit inflow to the mining cells is pumped to the PWD where it is subject toevaporation. Analysis of the historical climate record used showed that the evaporation regularly exceeds thedaily rainfall during the summer months. Even after consecutive days with rain during these months, over thecourse of the following days, the water stored in the PWD is lost to evaporation.
Figure 4 shows that even though the dam will be operated at 80% capacity, for very dry months where thereis no rainfall, the pumping of groundwater into the dam is only enough to meet the nett water requirementsand not make up the evaporative losses. Therefore, during a dry period the dam volume takes some time torecover back to 80% capacity. Consideration could be given to operating the PWD at a lower capacity so thatthere is a bit of extra storage available for extreme flood events, however this also depends on the
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catchment area and the staging of the diversion drains which would be designed during the detailed designstage of the project.
Figure 4 Simulated time series of water stored in PWD
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6.3 Clean water runoff
All of the upstream natural catchment has been diverted around the site via diversion drains so thatdownstream flows can be maintained. Approximately 235 ha of upstream catchment that would otherwise beintercepted by the mining cell (pit) is diverted around the site. Table 8 shows the estimated volume of cleanwater diverted around the site from the upstream catchment over the life of the mine. Potentially up to 30 MLper month can be sourced from clean water during a dry (10th percentile) year and up to 116 ML during thewettest years. Note that the water balance modelling predicts that there is no runoff generated during themonths of February to May, since the runoff co-efficients (refer to Table 5) are close/equal to zero based onthe surface water assessment.
Table 8 Estimated volume of clean water diverted around the site
Month 10th percentile 50th percentile(median)
90th percentile Greatest result(wettest on record)
Jul-15 17.0 29.0 49.6 61.0Aug-15 30.0 52.8 78.5 112.7Sep-15 23.2 42.1 71.3 95.4Oct-15 13.0 29.4 60.7 101.2Nov-15 2.9 8.8 21.1 33.5Dec-15 0.2 1.3 10.2 20.8Jan-16 0.0 0.3 2.3 4.8Feb-16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Mar-16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Apr-16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0May-16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Jun-16 3.6 6.9 13.1 17.1Jul-16 17.8 27.9 47.6 62.2Aug-16 29.3 49.4 76.1 115.7Sep-16 24.4 40.7 68.2 92.1Oct-16 10.5 30.0 59.1 106.6Nov-16 2.9 9.3 20.7 32.5Dec-16 0.1 1.5 9.4 20.3Jan-17 0.0 0.3 2.3 4.8Feb-17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Mar-17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Apr-17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0May-17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Jun-17 3.0 7.2 12.6 17.1Jul-17 17.0 29.0 49.6 61.0Aug-17 30.0 52.8 78.5 112.7Sep-17 23.2 42.1 71.3 95.4Oct-17 13.0 29.4 60.7 101.2Nov-17 2.9 8.8 21.1 33.5Dec-17 0.2 1.3 10.2 20.8Jan-18 0.0 0.3 2.3 4.8
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Month 10th percentile 50th percentile(median)
90th percentile Greatest result(wettest on record)
Feb-18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Mar-18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7. Summary
This simple site water balance was set up to estimate the amount of water available on site sourced fromdirect rainfall and pit inflows. Based on a simplified nett water demand of 3.19ML to 4.32ML per day; up to129.6ML of water will be required per month.
The site water balance showed that due to low rainfall, high evaporation and low pit inflows, there is limitedwater available from the site. During a very wet year, approximately 2ML of the 4.32MLis available to satisfythe nett water demand. During very dry years there can potentially be no water available from site and allwater will need to be sourced from the production bores. Therefore the operation is strongly dependent upona reliable groundwater supply. The site water balance assessment shows that provided 1.6GL is availableannually from the Yarragadee aquifer, water demands will likely be able to be met by groundwater withoutthe need to capture clean water runoff from the upstream catchment.
Yours sincerely
Nicole GealeEnvironmental EngineerParsons Brinckerhoff
Amir HedjripourSenior Hydraulic EngineerParsons Brinckerhoff
cc: Aurora Environmental - Damon Bourke
YOONGARILLUP MINERAL SANDS PROJECTDORAL MINERAL SANDS PTY LTD
FIGURE AWATER BALANCE MODEL SCHEMATIC
DTPH TPH WATER Wet Plant Average Process FlowsM^3/HR %SOLIDS
cells that you can change 232
165347
13 173 361 361 11 275 80 40 4163 0 32% 279 4%
162 85 11 657 60 20142 65% 661 2%
165 1 2 10 656 8 8551.5% 0.9% 824
186 1487 93% 163 109 100 134
166 60% 33425
16561 166 116
8 32 8 32229 35 20%
163 22550 283 42%
2 134
114 204
1 649 21
0 141 283224 453
161 6 2-8
122 67 29102 254 334
169 288 224 455146 283 351 37% 538 33%332
141157 426
44 2959 40 110 249
157418
72 157 84 8 166
9200
44 8198 35%
45
167 25044 36 313 40.0%52 55%
%Clay in solids = 5%5
43167 450
43 41 2% 27.0%101
40
43 8093
28 7215 8
1920
15 28
22 15 6
232
28
15 3135 33%
5 0 23 20O/F 33
15 865%
3 40 3 3541
3 730
1 61 1
2012 3
1 0.3 22
13 26
13 5
Thickener
Feed Prep
Classifier
ScSc
HP-04Primary Cyclones
Surge Bin
PP-05
Roughers
PP-06
Cleaners
PP-15
PP-8 VSD
Recleaners
PP-11
UCC-Cyclones
PP-16FinesCyclones
O/FRecleaners
PP-12 ConcentrateCyclone
PP-14 PP-13
Middlings Scavengers
PP-20
Splitter
Cons ReturnPump
c
c
HMC
PP-27-MainWater
m/up
m/up
Splitter
washdown
Densitycontrol
m/up
m/up
Classifier water
T
C
M
T
T
TC
C
M&T
Spray
PP-24
c
run off to process waterdam
HP-17
Sand/Clay Tails
run off toprocess water2nd stage
cyclones
Attritioners
PP-09c
Tails Cyclones
New Tails Hopper
Scrunit Reactor
Diesel FieldPump
PWD
Flocc Rig
Co FloccMonoPump
ThickenerMonoPump
Diesel FieldPump
UnderflowPump
Seepage
Bore
c
c
Secondary Cyclones
Plant O/FHopper
Screen Cyclones
Makeup
Overflow from Roughing stage
\\APSYDFIL03\proj\D\Doral_Mineral_Industries\2200516A_REVISION_TO_GW_SW\05_WrkPapers\WP\Draft\Site Water Balance\Yoongarillup PFD Rev 1.xlsm23/01/2014
Emergency DischargeCut-Off Drain
Paddock Cut Off Drain
Access Road
Emergency Discharge
Return Water Drain
SEP 01
SEP 02
SEP 03
SEP 04
SEP 08SEP 05
SEP 06 SEP 09
SEP 07
PWP
Process Plant
Stockpile 02
Admin / Carpark
Drop Out Pond
Workshop
Stockpile 01
24
68
13
9
257
10
1523
17
11
21
4
19
1416
2018
12
25
22
3
Doral Mineral SandsProposed Mine Layout ( December 2013 ) Revised: 09 / 12/ 2013
LegendAAA_Yoong_Mining_ReferencePoints
<all other values>FEATURE_NAME
Approx CD Tank Location
Approx Concentrator Location
Approx HMC Pad
Approx Thickener Location
LV + HV Washdown Bay
MB 1
MB 2
MB 3
MB 4
MB 5
MB 6
Proposed Process Water Bore
Mine_Layout_00<all other values>
FEATURE_NAMEHCM StockpileExisting CulvertAccess RoadCut-Off DrainEmergency Discharge 01Emergency Discharge 02Farm ShedMine Admin / CarparkMine Plant / Concentrator / WorkshopsProcess Water Pond BaseProcess Water DamReturn Water DrainSolar Evap Pond (SEP)StockpileUnder Road Access (Cattle Underpass)