FINAL REVIEW: ASTRONOMY

*Base your answers to questions 5-7 the diagram below which shows the position of Earth and four positions of the Moon during one orbit of Earth.

5. On the diagram, draw an X to show where the Sun would need to be located to create the Moon phases shown.

6. Which letter in the diagram shows the position of the Moon when an observer on Earth sees a fullMoon?

7. What motion is represented by the arrows in the diagram? _________________________

1. Which body in our solar system is classified as a star? (1) Earth (2) Mars (3) Venus (4) Sun

2. The diagram below shows Earth, as viewed from space, as it moves around the Sun.

Approximately how long does it take Earth to move from position A to position B?(1) 1 year (2) 6 months (3) 1 day (4) 12 hours

3. The Sun appears to move across the sky during the day. The best explanation for this apparent motion is that Earth is:(1) rotating on its axis. (2) revolving around the Sun. (3) much smaller than the Sun. (4) tilted on its axis.

X

POSITION C

REVOLUTION

The differences shown in the student’s drawings are mostly due to the changing(1) distance between Earth and the Moon(2) speed of the Moon in its orbit (3) position of the Moon in its orbit (4) position of the observer on Earth

9. The length of a year is equivalent to the time it takes for one(1) rotation of Earth(2) rotation of the Sun(3) revolution of Earth around the Sun(4) revolution of the Sun around Earth

8. A student drew pictures to show how the Moon looked from Earth over a two-week period.

4. The diagram below shows a portion of the solar system as seen from space. For which object is the lighted surface shown incorrectly?

(1) Moon (3) Venus(2) Mercury (4) Earth

10. The diagram below shows Earth as seen fromspace. Letters A through D are locations on Earth’s surface.

When Earth is in this position, which location would experience the greatest number of day- light hours?(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

11. The diagram below shows Earth as viewed from space.

Which season is occurring in the NorthernHemisphere?(1) summer (3) winter(2) autumn (4) spring

14. The diagram below shows four objects and their orbits around the Sun, as seen from space.

Which statement is true about all of the objectsshown in the diagram?(1) They produce their own light.(2) They belong to our solar system.(3) They are composed mostly of gases.(4) They are the same distance from the Sun.

15. The diagram below shows four Moon phases observed during July.

On which date would the next New Moon occur?(1) August 5 (3) August 19 (2) August 10 (4) August 29

12. Which statement best explains why the Sun & the Moon appear to be about the same size in the sky?

(1) The Sun & the Moon have the same diameter.(2) The Moon is larger in diameter & farther from Earth than the Sun.(3) The Moon is smaller in diameter &is closer to Earth than the Sun.(4) The Sun &the Moon are the same distance from Earth. 

13. The Moon is visible from Earth because of(1) reflected sunlight(2) absorbed light from Earth’s atmosphere(3) gases in the Moon’s interior(4) volcanic eruptions on the Moon’s surface

16. The streaks in the time-lapse photograph below show the apparent motion of the stars around the North Star during one hour.

This apparent motion of the stars can best be explained by Earth’s(1) rotation on its axis(2) tilted axis(3) revolution around the North Star(4) changing distance from the North Star

*Base your answers to questions 17-18 on the diagram below. The diagram shows the relative strengths of the gravitational force for planets of different masses. The size of each planet represents the planet’s relative mass. The arrow length indicates the relative amount of gravitational pull that each planet would exert on an astronaut in space.

17. What is the relationship between the mass of the planets and the strength of their gravitational pull? __________________________________________________________________________________ 18. Which three planets shown have less gravitational pull than Earth?  (1) ____________________ (2) ____________________ (3) ____________________

THE LARGER THE MASS, THE LARGER THE GRAVITATIONAL PULL.

MERCURY MARS PLUTO

*Base your answers to questions 19-20 on the partial map of the State of Wyoming below. The locations of Casper and Rawlins, Wyoming, are shown.

19. Explain why sunrise in Casper occurs 4 minutes earlier than sunrise in Rawlins.

 ________________________________________________________________________________

20. On the map above, place an X to represent the location of Medicine Bow, Wyoming, (42° N, 106° W).

BECAUSE CASPER IF FURTHER EAST THAN RAWLINS. THE EARTH ROTATES FROM WEST TO EAST.

X

21. Describe how the length of daylight changes from the Equator to the North Pole on the date shown.

_____________________________________ 22. What season is beginning in the Northern Hemisphere? __________________________________

23. Explain why the South Pole receives 24 hours of daylight on the date shown.

_____________________________________

*Base your answers to questions 21-23 on the diagram below, which shows Earth at one point in its orbit around the Sun. The length of daylight experienced at different latitudes on a given date is shown on the diagram.

IT BECOMES LESS AS YOU MOVE NORTH.

WINTER BECAUSE IT IS TLITED AWAY FROM THE SUN.

IT IS TILTED INTO THE SUNS LIGHT.

24. From Earth, an observer can view the phases of the Moon over time. a. Circle the phase of the Moon that an observer at X would see when the Sun, Earth, and the Moon are in the positions shown in the diagram. Assume there is no eclipse at that time.

*Base your answers to questions 24-26 on the diagram below. The diagram shows the Sun, Earth, and the Moon as seen from a point in space far above Earth’s North Pole. The shaded areas represent darkness. Point X represents a location on Earth’s surface.

b. How long would it be until the Moon is in this phase again? __________________________________

25. Identify one force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun. __________________________ 26. How long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun? ___________________

ABOUT A MONTH (29 ½ DAYS).

GRAVITY & INERTIA

ONE YEAR – 365 ¼ DAYS

*Base your answers to questions 27 - 29 on the information below.The Moon orbits Earth in a regular and predictable motion. 27. Approximately how long does it take for one complete cycle of the Moon’s phases to occur? ________ 28. What is the major force that keeps the Moon in its orbit around Earth? ___________________   29. Identify one observable event, other than the Moon’s phases, caused by the Moon orbiting Earth. __________________________________________________________________________________

30. The illustration below shows the Moon orbitingEarth and Earth orbiting the Sun.

Which force is responsible for these orbiting motions?(1) friction (3) magnetism(2) electricity (4) gravity

35. The Sun appears larger than other stars because of its(1) yellow color(2) high temperature(3) distance from Earth(4) chemical composition 

36. In New York State, an observer will usually see the Sun rise in the(1) north (3) east(2) south (4) west 

29 ½ DAYS

GRAVITY & INERTIA

TIDE CHANGES

31. What is one factor that contributes to seasons occurring in New York State?(1) the revolution of the Moon around Earth(2) the tilt of Earth on its axis(3) the rising and falling of ocean tides(4) the distance of Earth from the Sun

32. The Moon has the greatest effect on Earth’s(1) year (3) ocean tides(2) seasons (4) daylight hours

33. The gravitational force between the Moon And Earth depends on(1) their masses, only(2) their diameters, only(3) their masses and how far apart they are(4) their diameters and how far apart they are

34. The diagram below shows Earth as viewed from space.

What motion of Earth is represented by the arrow in the diagram? ____________________

37. The gravitational force between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and each object’s(1) mass (3) pressure(2) volume (4) temperature  38. A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?(1) June 7 (3) July 1 (2) (2) June 15 (4) July 7

39. The diagram below shows Earth at four locations in its orbit around the Sun.

Which motion do the arrows in the diagram represent? (1) Earth’s rotation (3) Earth’s revolution (2) the Sun’s rotation (4) the Sun’s revolution

ROTATION

40. On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?

(1) March 21 (2) June 21 (3) September 21 (4) December 21 

41. Which force keeps the planets in their orbits around the Sun?

(1) gravity (3) electricity(2) magnetism (4) friction

*Base your answers to questions 42 - 45 on the map below. The shaded portion of the map indicates areas of night and the unshaded portion indicates areas of daylight at a certain hour on December 21.

42. Why is there more daylight shown on the map south of the equator? __________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Explain how the areas of daylight and night would be different if the map represented June 21 instead of December 21.__________________________________________________________________________________ 44. What type of coordinate system is represented by the horizontal and vertical lines shown on the map? __________________________________________________________________________________ 45. What causes the lighted portion on the map to move westward during the day represented? ________________________________________________________________________________________

ON DEC. 21ST , THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE IS HAVING SUMMER SO IT HAS MORE DAYLIGHT HOURS.

IT WOULD BE THE OPPOSITE.

LATITUDE & LONGITUDE

ROTATION OF THE EARTH.

46. The diagram below shows the orbit of Halley’s Comet around the Sun. Earth’s orbit is also shown.

The only years shown in which Halley’s Comet could be viewed from Earth without the use of a telescope were 1910 and 1986. What is the next year in which Halley’s Comet will be visible from the Earth with- out the use of a telescope?

(1) 2010 (2) 2086 (3) 2062 (4) 2110

*Base your answers to questions 47-48 on the diagram below. The diagram shows the position of Earth in relation to the Sun on December 21, which is the first day of winter in the Northern Hemisphere. The shaded area represents the portion of Earth experiencing nighttime.

47. The diagram to the right shows Earth in relation to the Sun on June 21, which is the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere. Draw and label the positions of the North and South Poles on the diagram.

48. On the diagram to the right, shade the portion of Earth experiencing nighttime on June 21.

NORTH POLE

SOUTH POLE

*Base your answers to questions 49-50 on the diagram below. The diagram represents the motion of the Moon around Earth as seen from above the North Pole. One position of the Moon in its orbit is shown.

49. Which Moon phase will usually be seen from Earth when the Moon is in this position?

50. The time it takes the Moon to revolve once around Earth is approximately one(1) day (3) month(2) week (4) year

*Base your answers to questions 51-52 on the map below. Points A & B are locations on the map.

51. On the map above, place an X at 40° N 20° W. 52. Explain why location B will experience sunrise before location A.

56. In the diagram below, the letters A-C represent three identical satellites and their distances from Earth.

a. Which one would feel the strongest pull of Earths gravity?_____________________________________________

b. Explain your answer in part a. ______________________

________________________________________________

c. Predict what might happen to satellite B if the forces acting on it become unbalanced.

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

X

IT IS FURTHER EAST.

LETTER A

IT IS CLOSER TO THE EARTH.

IT WOULD MOVE FROM ITS CURRENT POSITION.

57. Label the diagram & fill in the blanks with facts for each date:

June 21-__________________________________________ 

Sept. 21-__________________________________________  Dec. 21-__________________________________________ 

March 21-_________________________________________ 

*Base your answers to questions 53-55on the diagram below that shows Earth’s revolution around the Sun. Letters A-D represent the beginning of each season.

53. State one reason that Earth has seasons.________________________________________

54. How much time would take it to go from position D & return to position D?________________________________________

55. Which season begins in the Northern Hemisphere when Earth is at position A?________________________________________

EARTHS TILT – 23 ½ DEGREES

365 DAYS – 1 YEAR

SUMMER – JUNE 21ST

MARCH 21ST

DEC 21ST

SEPT 21ST

JUNE 21ST

SUMMER SOLSTICE, 1ST DAY OF SUMMER, NORTH POLE 24 HRS DAY, LONGEST DAY, DIRECT SUN RAYS.

FALL/AUTUMNAL EQUINOZ, 12 HRS. DAY & NIGHT

WINTER SOLSTICE, 1ST DAY OF WINTER, NORTH POLE 24 HRS NIGHT, SHORTEST DAY, INDIRECT SUN RAYS.

SPRING/VERNAL EQUINOZ, 12 HRS. DAY & NIGHT