Final Report 2004 - muses.muses.tottori-u.ac.jp

REDJEL Noureddine (ALGERIA)

Final Report 2004

Name REDJEL Noureddine Name of country ALGERIA Present Position.Regional Commissioner of Eastern Rangelands, High Commission for the

Development of Steppe, HCDS, Tebessa. [Colligation of the Results of the Trainings] 1. Please make up your entire Crystal Water Reports into a summary Crystal Water report and attach it as a separated sheet.

Unit Name Your own objectives Results of Training Case Study (E.I.A.)

(Aug. 2 – 4) To get a better understanding in applying the EIA regarding the point of: - What are the elements needed to perform E.I.A? - What the difference between the E.I.A analysis and the E.M.S in terms of the basic objectives and theory? And when it can be apply?

- The E.I.A. in the planning process of the agricultural project; - The different methods of quantifying the environmental impacts, including qualitative and non tradable and non market value; - The major environmental issues in the world, introduction of models and GIS technology.

Water Storage and Supply Facilities (Aug. 9 – 12)

Water storage and supply facilities are not only a hardware approach; more attention should be given to the software side that is important in the efficiency of design. The design should focus on the small and efficient infrastructures, which are best suited for the arid and semi arid regions and to get the knowledge for: - The technical management of the facilities and human capacity requirement and education, ensuring the durability of the facilities? And - The factors that influence the decision in the choice of water storage type?

The unit focused on giving a better understanding of: - The world dam classification; - An overview of the dam design theory; - The ISO standard related to the specific domestic standard; - Concrete deterioration and diagnosis method; and - Seepage flow study.

Soil / Water Quality Assessment (Aug. 16 – 18)

The principal limitations in the arid and semi arid regions are essentially water and the quality of the soil. Therefore, much of attention in terms of knowledge and practice have to be acquired to better answer the: - What are the influences of the cropping systems in conjunction with soil and water quality?

- What is the effect of the extensive use of non-conventional water to meet the social needs?

The outcomes are: - Site specific method for soil salinity risk assessment. - Plant nutrition and salinity control. - Method and techniques of wastewater purification and sludge compost for agricultural uses.

Groundwater (Aug. 30 – Sep. 3)

With regard to the stated regional problems, it is useful to: - Know the methods of aquifer evaluation; - Understand the effect of the aquifer geology on the water quality; - Acquire the technical knowledge to design and implement a subsurface dam; - Get knowledge about the artificial recharge of the aquifer; and - Have a basic theory regarding the implementation of a monitoring system.

The course outcomes: - General approach of underground dam design. - Groundwater lowering approach. - Application to numerical analysis of groundwater lowering; and - Presentation of resistivity method to investigate water intrusion and safe design drawdown for aquifer.

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Crops Suitable for Arid Area; Plant Nutrition,

Fertilization (Sep. 6 – 9)

- What are the supportive incentives to promote the crops suitability for arid region, valorization of indigenous species? - What are the fertilization methods for plant requirements and soil reclamation and improvement to prevent from salinity problems?

The results are mainly the: - Presentation of some drought and salt tolerant plants, physiology responses. - Introduction of genetics engineering and presentation of breeding case study; and - Practical field course on hydroponics crops.

Farm Management and Food Policy

(Sep. 21– 24)

It will be very useful to introduce; - The basic economy for the elaboration of farm budget; - The principle of the economic modeling; - The role of agricultural policy in food policy; and - The general principles for setting farm information system to have a database and to monitor the farming systems.

The major outcomes are: - The world food production and general tendency; - The introduction to the econometrics focus on demand/supply function and price elasticity; - The farm survey: presentation of the case study of Tanzania; - The outline of farm bookkeeping, using a new built software.

Preservation of Greens; Assessment of

Vegetation (Sep. 27 – Oct. 1)

The preservation of greens is a major concern in arid region. So, the elements of: - The introduction of GIS technology in monitoring the preservation of greens; and - The presentation of the anti erosive technique to preserve soil and water.

The outcomes are: - General presentation of plant physiology and water stress. - Tree ring analysis applied to hydrological events - Introduction to remote sensing technology and application to environmental management.

Design and Practice in Water Supply / Service

System (Oct. 5 – 7)

A more emphasis has to be focused on: - Designing a water supply system based on the least cost and easy to manage and maintain; - Promoting the use of the renewable energy, solar and wind, and - The economic design of irrigation supply and network, minimizing costs and optimizing technical feature and response of the system.

The results of the course are the: - Presentation of various control valves; - Tests models for operating control valves; - Principles of the self priming pump and the testing model operation; - Presentation of the control gates for open channel, upstream and downstream flow; and - General introduction of the renewable energy and application.

Field Water and Soil Management (Oct. 12 – 22)

It is relevant to have a general overview of the evapotranspiration estimate methods, for a comparative study, and the designing principles of irrigation systems to fit the economic constraints, reluctance of farmers to heavy investment, and the environment concerns regarding water logging and salinity hazards due to inappropriate design and management practices.

The outcomes are: - The Overview of water management; - The principle of sprinkler irrigation design; - The Penman-Montieh equation, ET estimate; - The Water and soil management; - The irrigation practices and sustainability of the resources.

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2. Please describe the institutes, companies, sites, facilities, and/or equipment that were especially impressive to you during the observation and study tours in Aichi, Osaka and Okinawa as well as supportive reasons. Please also describe what you have learnt through such experiences and frank impressions. Study Tours/ Observation

Programs The institutes, companies, sites, facilities, and equipment What you have learnt / your frank impressions

(1) AICHI STUDY TOUR.

(August 22 – 26) Under the total assistance of the

Tokai Regional Bureau of Agricultural Administration.

Date Site Organization Type Facilities and equipments What learnt Impressions Nagoya Tokai Regional

Bureau of Agricultural Administration

National Government

Brief presentation of the institution’s objectives: Design and implement main structure of irrigation and drainage and the regional territory: three prefectures, with close relation with the Local government and Japan Water Agency.

The need for institutional setting to get harmonious development

The respect ofinstitutional setting and prerogatives.

Inuyama Headwork control office

Tokai Regional Bureau of Agricultural Administration

National Government

Dam with of 420 m and regulating volume of 88.000 m3 for two purposes: Flood control and irrigation water for 22.070 ha, for the prefectures of Gifu and Aichi. The facilities are mainly two driving channels, fish way, boat way and intakes for water management.

The necessity to adapt the construction technique to the site conditions

The techniqueused to constrthe dam, very innovative.

Miyata irrigation canal control office

Land Improvement District of Miyata

Non Governmental

LID of Miyata is in charge of management of irrigation and drainage facilities, pipelines and control valves and drainage canal, for 6.600 ha mainly paddy field rice by ensuring the traditional water right to LID members.

A grassroots organization is vital to run the facilities.

Effective management involvement farmers.

08-23rd

Nagara estuary barrage

Japan Water Agency, JWA.

National Government

The Nagara estuary barrage, a movable structure, serves two objectives of: Flood control and saline water intrusion. The designed Flow rate is 8.000 m3 /s with the facilities of 10 adjustment gates, fish way and navigation channel.

The integration of environmental concerns to cope with the social/natural settings.

A long proceknowledge and implementatio

08-24th Kaneyama Intake

Japan Water Agency, JWA

National Government

It is starting point of Aichi canal. It designed to divert water 30 m3 /s with full facilities to operate: a control room, Three main gates and log boom protection.

The effectiveness of water diversion for irrigation.

A technoloinput to coinfrastructure facilities.

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Date Site Organization Type Facilities and equipments What learnt Impressions Tobu Owari plant

Municipal Water Work Bureau

Local Government

The plant is design to treat water for industrial and domestic uses with a total capacity of 199.800 m3 /day and extension to 266.400 m3/day. The water is provided by Aichi canal through Tobu regulating reservoir.

To foresee the future needs of the community and the region.

The flexibility of the plant to meet the demand and customer needs.

Suzumi matsu stream promenade

Japan Water Agency

National Government

A friendly environmental spatial design, a small recreational area is provided for the community by covering Aichi canal.

A conciliation of technical and social needs.

The taking care of the people welfare.

08-24 th

Obu city Aichi canal LID

Non Governmental

The LID is managing unit of irrigation and drainage facilities for 32.257 farmers and 13.584 ha mainly under paddy cultivation.

Involvement of members & democratic process

Working with people for the people, Hope keeps alive: This is Aichi canal dream.

Yahata siphon

Japan Water Agency

National Government

The Yahata siphon ‘Oobari Box culvert’ meets two objectives (1) underground crossing of the city and (2) more facilities for the community.

Coping the site specification

Sori Japan Water Agency

National Government

The Sori regulating reservoir is aiming to minimize wasteful water discharge

Mihama Japan Water Agency

National Government

The Mihama reservoir, with a capacity of 100.000 m3 and pumping station, is to secure the irrigation of 418 ha.

Technical adaptation of the design

The energy to save water.

08-25th

Chita peninsula

Japan Water Agency

National Government

Land reclamation for efficient use of water

Expanding agriculture

Integration of the activities

08-26 th Chita Municipality Local Government

The sewage water treatment plant is part of the environment concerns. It is designed to treat 57.400 m3/day with a major emphasis on: (1) treatment of the sludge to produce compost to support agricultural activities and (2) the water purification for environment needs.

The implication of the public in the management.

Public involvement to improve environment.

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Date Site Organization Type Facilities and equipments What learnt Impressions Chita Power plant Private The power plant combined various

source to produce electricity at a low cost, water and gas.

A combined approach to energy prod.

The respect of the environment.

Flower farm Private The development of green houses to maximize the return and water uses.

08-26 th

Tokai

Coca cola Private The bottling unit is a friendly environmental plant.

(2) OSAKA TOUR STUDY (August 27-28)

Date Site Organization Type Facilities and equipments What learnt Impressions 08-27 th Osaka Komatsu Private The company is producing a heavy

materiel for public works and enhancing its production system by automating the line with regards to product’s quality and social benefits

A continuous improvement of human and production lines.

The intensive use of the technologies to promote the quality.

(3) OKINAWA TOUR STUDY. (Oct 24 – 30).

10-25 th Okinawa Okinawa General Bureau of National Irrigation Project.

National Government

The irrigation project of 1.350 ha based on the construction of two underground dams, Komesu and Giza, with 18 pumping systems with unit discharge of 2.000 m3/day/well and reservoirs for securing water use. Actually only 260 ha are irrigated.

The technical feature of the underground dams in water storage and supply.

A very innovative structure to meet the economic needs of the region.

Okinawa; Pest Eradication Station

Prefectural Department of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry

Local Government.

The pest eradication station focus on using the SIT. This technique is based on the sterilization of the weevils and fruits flies’ population by releasing 17 millions invidious/weak. This activity is monitor on the regular basis using combined methods to control the population ratio sterilized and wild.

The SIT technique efficiency in pest management.

The awareness the concern of the public about the necessity to control this phenomenon and preserve the environment.

10-26 th

Yokatsu subsurface dam

Prefectural Irrigation and Drainage Project

Local Government

The ongoing construction of the yokatsu subsurface dam for irrigation and drinking water.

The machinery used for the construction

The technique of the construction used efficient and original.

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(3) OKINAWA TOUR STUDY.

(Oct 24 – 30).

Date Site Organization Type Facilities and equipments What learnt Impressions Prefectural Department of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry

Local Government

The control of the red soil erosion through soil conservation and protection, anti erosive techniques, to preserve the coastal environment and soil loss based on farm model arrangement.

The diversity of the techniques proposed.

The public subsidihelp the farmers.

Nago city

Soil Experimental Station.

Local Government

The station is focusing on the software approach to control soil erosion by measuring and experimenting diverse techniques to fit the farmers’ needs and environmental protection.

The diversity of the experiments to soil erosion.

The setting operational reseand experiments.

10-27 th

Kine town

Prefectural Department of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry

Local Government

The implementation of soil erosion by land leveling, drainage system and irrigation system, on going works in the fields. And the construction of silting basin, 3.000 m3 to stop soil particles.

The concern of protection of coastal biodiveand environment.

10-28 th Nago city

National Haneji Ookawa environmental irrigation project

National Government

Presentation of the outline of the project and the implementation status. The project focuses on promoting irrigation with conjunction to environmental preservation and water uses through Makiye and Haneji Dam.

The emphasis in using efficiently water resources

The integration ofnetwork.

Yomitan village

Nagaham LID Non Governmental

Presentation of the sweet potatoes development, 280 ha, and related processing unit for a prosperous market.

The processing unit to sustain development.

The focus on one development to bagriculture.

Nagahamdam

Irrigation and drainage of Nagaham project

Local Government

A rock fill dam to irrigate 280 ha with incorporation of aeration system to control eutrophization problem.

Yomitan Agricultural Products cooperative

Non Governmental

Facilities to eliminate weevils’ parasite from sweet purple potatoes productions and small scale processing units.

Processing unit flexibility.

The measure to coweevils parasites

10-29 th

Chotan Enterprise Bureau

Local Government

Seawater Desalization Plant to meet the growth demands, domestic and industrial by using the reverse osmoses techniques.

The uses of diverse water resources to meet general needs.

The design of facilities with regto environmconcerns

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3. Please give accounts of the training contents that were especially useful for you and the supportive reasons (More than three subjects; Mark all that apply.)

Training Unit Training Contents Reasons Case Study (E.I.A.)

(Aug. 2 – 4) It covers the topics of the: - Definition of sustainability and sustainable development; - Environmental issues in various agricultural ecosystems - Inclusion of E.I.A. in agricultural projects; and - Quantification and valuation of Environmental impacts.

The E.I.A is not performed for water development project and thus does not have any influences in the decision making process. The analysis performed is, mainly, economically oriented analysis regarding the project efficiency. So, the concern of the sustainability is a major issue in sustaining the natural resources of the fragile steppe ecosystem.

Soil / Water Quality Assessment (Aug. 16 – 18)

The topics are related to: - The characterization of arid soils with regards to their sensitivity to salinization and alkalization; - The inter relation between soil and water and their influence on the crops; and - The wastewater treatment and reuse.

The development of the irrigated agriculture is not supported through a monitoring system of irrigation schemes, soil and water quality. This has led to numerous problems mainly: Technical, environmental and the cropping system. Besides these facts, there is no comprehensive approach to manage these two vital resources for the farming sustainability.

Farm Management and Food Policy (Sep. 21– 24)

The content focus on the: - The theory of farm information system establishment and in arid area; - The farm budget and management processing and analysis; - The database collection, management and analysis of the farm survey; - The development of food production and price fluctuation in the world for grain mainly. In conjunction with the development of irrigation schemes in arid region, the production costs and returns are compared; and - The modeling as a tool for forecasting the future food projection.

It will be very useful to get the knowledge of: - The basic economy for the elaboration of farm budget; - The principle of the economic modeling; - The role of agricultural policy in food policy. - The basic principle of the farming system information and community information system; and - The consumer behavior in the food policy, market supply and farming decision on the cropping patterns. Because the farm unit is the central pivot for decision-making process and the irrigation system and sustainability depend mainly on the decision made at the farm level that is the central of interest for the decision process.

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Preservation of Greens; Assessment of Vegetation (Sep. 27 – Oct. 1)

The contents focus on the: - General presentation of plant physiology and adaptation to water stress. - Tree ring analysis applied to hydrological events and to decode environmental events - Introduction to remote sensing technology and application to environmental management.

The preservation of greens is a major concern in arid region. So, the elements of: - The introduction of GIS technology in monitoring the preservation of greens; - The presentation of the anti erosive technique to preserve soil and water will be important for the subject; and - The introduction of improved techniques and models as tools for decision-making.

[Action Plan]

（１） Please describe the contents of the project or the action plan that you are planning to carry out or set up based on the findings of the

training course. Project Title Integrated Water Resources Development Program 2010 Target Area Eastern Rangelands of Algeria

Site Description (Climate,

Population, and Problems)

(1). Settings: The Eastern rangelands cover about 8.000.000 ha, which is 25 % of the total area of the steppe. With 65 % of natural pastureland, it concentrates a flock of about 2.500.000 heads representing the main economical activity. (2). Climate: The Eastern steppe is located near the most barren desert in the world, The SAHARA. In general, there is two distinct seasons: one is hot and the other is cold. The mean annual rainfall is 250mm with regional variation of 20 %. Its seasonal repartition observes the same tendency with 30 % of rain falling in spring season. In summer the rainfall has a stormy character with an observed 28 cases of storm per year. These indicators define the unreliability, variability and irregularity of the rainfall. The temperature is ranging from 2 °c as the mean minimum to 34 °c as the mean maximum, with amplitude of + 32 °c. The hygrometry varies between 30% and 50%. These elements classify the climate of the eastern rangelands as semi arid with a large variation of the growth days ranging from 37 to 60 days/year. (3). Population and economic activity: The total population is estimated to be 2.500.000 millions, which is 40% of the total population living in the steppe and with high demographic growth, +01% than the national mean. 45% of the population is living from agriculture activities, mainly livestock with 2.238.640 heads of sheep. This economic activity represents more than 70 % of the total income of the population. And the flock is in a constant growth since 1962 by an average yearly rate of 3%. The agriculture production is a fundamental support of the livestock activity. The cropped area is 1.293.906 ha, which is more than 32 % of the total area used for agriculture. This acreage has an average growth of 3.2 % from 1962 to 1998. The main cultivated crops are barley and wheat with an average yield 5 ql/ha. These facts indicate the double pressure of human demography and related activities, with cereal encroachment, and livestock on the rangelands to satisfy social needs. This pressure is of great concern of natural resources depletion in the steppe. (4). Main rangelands issues, 2000 - 2010: The main issue of the eastern rangelands cannot be dissociated from the national problematic due to

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the dynamic of the ecology and the mobility of the system, the communities and the flocks. So the major problems are: 4.1: Overgrazing: The overgrazing is evaluated from the carrying capacity of the natural forage and the stocking rate. The severity of overgrazing has endangered the natural resources of the steppe region the natural forage production. This issue is a serious threat for the biodiversity and the sustainability of the development in the rangelands, as shown in the: Table 1: Sheep number and stocking rate (SR)

Year 1968 1996 Sheep unit 7,890 103 19,170 103

Prod UF/ha 1,600 106 533 106 Potential Stock rate 1 to 4 ha 1 to 8 ha

Real Stock rate 1 to 1.9 ha 0.78 to 1 haThis grazing pressure is stressed by the farming systems that limited the grazing area to the steppe region. This increases the risk of erosion considerably, the micro dunes form giving rise to pre desert landscape. Besides this aspect, the impact on vegetation cover is enormous qualitatively by the reduction of the biodiversity and quantitatively by decreasing the natural forage production. 4.2: The Climatic changes: The yield production vary closely to the climatic conditions, for rainfed agriculture in the rangelands as it shown in the table below: Table 1: Relation of yield and rainfall

Year/yield ql/ha Cereals Forages 1996 (rainy year) 28 31 1997 (drought year) 9,8 5,5

This relationship is important in the farming systems and the technologies transfer as related a safe uses of the natural resources: ensuring the sustainability of the steppe region. The climatic conditions observe major changes, especially the rainfall see the map, which are comforted by the table below: Table 2: Rainfall (mm) reduction in the steppe

Station 1930’s 1970’s 1990’s % Saida 430 419 320 25 Mecheria 293 310 213 27 Ain Sefra 192 194 156 20

Therefore, the production of the natural forage varies according to the rainfall. And the major study conducted showed the close relationships: Table 3: Evolution of natural forage production (kg dm/ha) and rainfall (mm) and grazing system

Year 1980 1983 1987 1990 Changes Rainfall 252 176 253 270 - Ungrazed 2,070 1,340 1,700 780 62.32 % Moderate 1,269 1,029 600 420 66.90 %Free 1,270 700 55 25 98 %

This general tendency, the climatic changes, has influenced the rangelands production. And therefore, the farming system has be oriented an

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intensive of the fragile resources that leads to yield reduction. The reduction of the rainfall is about 25 % during the last fifty years and the temperature rises +01°c during the same period. Fallowing these changes, the farming has been stimulated by the instable agriculture policies to meet the market demands, public subsidizes. The actual farming system, so called a lottery system, does not have the flexibility to mitigate the drought, which is in this region is a basic data and the farmers have to cop with. 4.3. Farming system or the micro economic level: The Land distribution has followed the same pattern since the independence, as it shows below:

Table 1: Land use, general pattern in 1999. Type Km2 Farm land Grazing Alfa Steppe Forest Desert Total 103

Area 8.3 310 29.16 4.2 1913 2381 % 3.45 13.2 1.22 1.78 80.3 100

In fact, The Algerian agriculture was organized to meet the needs of the French market. And since, the different land use adjustments made were not effectives and they contributed in setting a fragile farming system. This fact has influenced the steppe system that has been affected by a major changes regarding the instable agricultural policies through a production of inappropriate economic stimulants and therefore unsuited technologies:

Table 2: Farming system in the steppe region. Land use In 103 ha Area

1970’sArea in 2000

% Of change

Farm land 1,000 2,0 00 + 200 Grazing land 35,000 27,600 - 21.14 Alfa Steppe 4,000 2,900 - 27.50

Unproductive land 7,500 + 21.43 Total steppe 40,000 40,000

These changes have affected the farming system by: • The encroachment of cereals crops in the rangelands; • The reduction of the grazing space; and • The extension of the unproductive lands. This impacted the rangelands production and the precariousness of the steppe ecosystems. Please describe your goals to attain in the long term 2000 – 2010 (in 10 years plan). Long-range Goal

The long range goals are related to manage or to solve the rangelands problematic for the perspective 2000 – 2010, as fallow: 1. Restoring the rangelands natural equilibrium through the recovery of its vital function: Social, Economic and ecological; 2. Improving the communities’ incomes and the living standard of the rural area through a comprehensive rural development program; 3. Setting a safety nets measures and policies to manage drought and consolidate a viable farming systems; 4. Enhancing the capacity building and modernizing institutional setting, formal and traditional; and 5. Strengthening the communities’ involvement in the decision process and management for sustainable development.

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Please state your goals to attain in the short term (1 to 3 year for a total project area of 40.000 ha for two year plans). It is preferable to give more detailed account in the more concrete and definite terms.

Short Term Goal

The short terms focus in attempting the immediate needs to stabilize the rangelands production: 1. Improving the feeding capacity of the rangelands; 2. Diversification of agricultural production to meet an appropriate farming systems; 3. Increasing the communities income; 4. Protecting and preserving the soil and water resources; and 5. Setting a stable water network to fit the social, economic and ecological requirements. Please itemize the expected results. In describing in this section, please take the aforesaid “Site Description” into consideration above all.

Expected results and outputs by the project (the action

plan)

At the completion the two years plan, the expected results will be the: • Development of shrub plantation at the farm level and in the collective rangelands to improve the feeding capacity from 100 FU to 400 FU/ha; • Reduction of the soil erosion by adaptation of farming systems and implementation of the anti erosive techniques, decrease of soil loss by 60 %; • Access to water for the communities through a viable water supply network for drinking, watering livestock and irrigating. The estimated

harvested volume will be 3.500.000 m3/year. • Diversification of the agricultural production to mitigate the drought, suit ecological conditions and meet social needs: introduction and

intensification of suitable crops by using appropriate technologies, 500 ha will be under supplemental irrigation and increase of yield from a mean of 5 ql/ha to 15 ql/ha;

• Creation of job, during implementation phase, 2.5 millions days which is equivalent to 10,416 employment posts; • Improvement of the communities’ income; and • Strengthening the capacity and institutional building to improve communities’ participation in the decision process and the management.

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The Contents of actions The Organizations/departments in Charge

Concrete action plans and specific Organizations/Dpt Or posts in charge of each Program described.

Actions Unit Quantity National Government Local government Community Others 1. Soil and Water Conservation Works(Infiltration ditch, levee, check dam…)

M3 100.000 HCDS X X

2.Water Harvesting: - Earthen water pond - Underground reservoir - Diversion dam - Underground dam - Drilling wells - Sewage water treatment (natural lagoon)- Equipment of well (solar, electric…)

U U U U Ml U U

25 10 16 05

2500 06 10

HCDS HCDS HCDS

HCDS/Universities HCDS

HCDS/EnvironmentHCDS

Water DepartmentWater DepartmentWater DepartmentWater DepartmentWater Department

Municipalities Municipalities

X X X

X X X

Consultancy Consultancy Consultancy Consultancy

Concrete action plans and specific Organizations/depts.Or posts in charge of each Program

Actions Unit Quantity National Government Local government Community Others 3. Rangelands and agricultural development- Collective rangelands plantation - Private farm plantation - Differed grazing - Fodder crops extension. - Adaptation of cereal cropping pattern - Development of irrigation systems

Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha

6.0004.500

15.00050050030

HCDS HCDS HCDS

Cereal Institute Cereal Institute

Irrigation Institute

Agriculture Dpt

Agriculture Dpt Agriculture Dpt Agriculture Dpt Agriculture Dpt

X

Individuel X

Individual Individual Individual

Consultancy Consultancy Consultancy

4. Livestock development - Flocks improvement techniques - Extension of local poultry

HeadHead

1.0003.000

Institute of livestock

HCDS

Agriculture Dpt

Individual Individual

Consultancy Consultancy

5. Infrastructure - Farm road - Rural housing - Solar home system - Rural electricity

Km U U

Km

100350190110

HCDS

Local GovernmentLocal Government

Local Government

X

Individual Individual

X

6. Institutional building and extension- Farmer organization and empowerment - Farmers training - Extension worker on job training

HCDS

Institute of extensionInstitute of extension

Local Government

Agriculture Dpt Agriculture Dpt

Community Individual

Professional Professional

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7. Study, Survey and M&E System - Feasibility study and EIA - Actions study - Field survey - Monitoring and Evaluation system

HCDS HCDS HCDS HCDS

Local government

Municipalities Agriculture Dpt

Local government

X X

Consultancy Consultancy Professional Independent

Please describe in full as much as possible by making the maximum use of the information available at this time. Funding source in 106 AD (100 Yen= 66 AD) Components Investment in 103AD

(Algerian Dinar) NB LB FLDDPS FNRDA FNL Farmers 1- Soil and Water Conservation Works 240,000 96 122 22 2- Water Harvesting 261,000 156.6 104.4 3- Rangelands and agricultural development 219,400 174.595 13.3 31.505 4- Livestock development 25.450 .45 17.365 7.635 5- Infrastructure 385,500 28.5 182 175 6- Institutional building and extension 1,500 1.5 7- Study, Survey and M&E System 7,448.5 2.2335 2.98 2.235 Total investment 1,140,298.5 459.8785 182 246.745 13.3 175 63.375 % of investment 100 % 40.34 15.96 21.64 1.16 15.35 5.56

Input necessary for the actions (Budget; estimated project costs, Personnel, Material, Equipment, Instruments, etc.)

NB: National budget, LB: local budget, FLDDPS: Fund for Steppe development and combating desertification, FNL: National Fund for Housing and FNRDA: National Fund for Agricultural Development. (Farmers = Beneficiaries)

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Please attach it in a separated sheet. You are free to format, however, please figure a readily understood form for the concerned parties. Time Schedule for Implementation

Year 1, 2005 Year 2, 2006 Components 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1- Soil and Water Conservation Works 2- Water Harvesting 3- Rangelands and agricultural development 4- Livestock development 5- Infrastructure 6- Institutional building and extension Institution/extension prog Extension Extension Institut

7- Study, Survey and M&E System Studies and survey MI Eval Survey/Final EVAL Please describe the sustainability of the project, socio-economical and ecological impact, relations with other organizations and departments that need attention to deal with.

Points to keep in mind

The main points that are relevant to the sustainability: • Equal access to the natural resources, there is a need for a law to regulate the use of the resources, water, to identify the responsibilities. This

has to be done by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Water Resources; • Efficiency, by the development of credit to promote private investment through a sharing risk, insurance and safety nets related to the

specific conditions of the arid and semi arid regions. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and ministry of Finance and economy; and

• Environmental concerns have to be enforced by law to regulate the dumping of all kinds of sewage, primarily water, to promote the recycling methods and treatment techniques. This public awareness needs to be supported by a special funding setting, with sharing responsibilities. These are the prerogatives of the Ministry of Environment.

[Regarding the Training Course]

（1） In order to make the training course more fruitful from the next fiscal year and onward, please itemize your requests for the course. Regarding the course title, there is a need to balance the training unit. In fact the EIA unit does not get much attention in terms of time allocation. So, I would rather request to get more time for this unit due to its importance in irrigation project implementation and the sustainable development of irrigated agriculture. This request has to be strongly emphasized by the introduction of GIS technology in the management of the natural resources, through a practice of case study. The on class training should be complemented by field practice, hands on practice, during the study tours. And finally, the course should be opened to Japanese postgraduate students to introduce them to others agricultural settings and problems and new cultures. This course has to be graded and the final report should be reviewed as to fit a pedagogical requirement.

（2） Finally, please state your explicit opinions and impressions on this training course.

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This course is very interesting experience and introduction to Japan agriculture and educational system. Engineers whom are currently working and having a short experience can assimilate the course level. And the multidisciplinary participation of the trainees must be a focus to better capitalize the results of the course. However, The course contents should be updated and revise to fit the content and needs of the arid and semi arid regions. The sharing experience of Japanese experts is a major input in giving a practical sense to the course.

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Final Report 2004 - muses.muses.tottori-u.ac.jp

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