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PULSE

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pulse?Pulse (pulse rate)- as theblood gushes through the arteryfrom a heart beat, it creates abulge in the artery. The rate atwhich the artery bulges can be

measured by touching it withyour ngers, as on the wrist orneck.

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WHAT IS A PULSE OXIME

A pulse oximeter is a device used to

perform the diagnostic procedure fordetermining the:

Percentage ! he"gl#in that issaturate$ %ith &'gen

The oxygen saturation is a measure ofhow much oxygen the blood is carrying

as a percentage of the maximum it couldcarry and is sometimes referred tocollouially as the !sats" reading.

The heart rateThe heart rate refers to the number oftimes that the heart contracts in a period

of one minute.

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What $es a pulse &i"ete'u?A pulse &i"eter can $etect h'p&ia (t little

&'gen t !ulll the nee$s ! the #rain an$ #$')

#e!re a patient sh%s signs ! #ec"ing c'antic(#luish $isclratin ! sin an$ "ucus"e"#ranes $ue t nt enugh &'gen in the#l$)The &i"eter ls !r "inute changes ina#srptin as the #l$ is pu"pe$ past the

"easure"ent site #' the #eating ! the heart* sselecting s"e%here %ith strng pulse isi"prtant+ A %ea pulse r restricte$ #l$ ,%"a' li"it the &i"eter-s a#ilit' t #tain accurate"easure"ents+

A./A0OTI. 1A1/

2OOT

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What $es the pulse &i"eter "easure?The partial pressure ! O3+

The O3 cntent ! the #l$+

The a"unt ! O3 $issl4e$ in the #l

The partial pressure ! .O3+

Respiratr' rate r ti$al 4lu"e i.e.4entilatin+

.ar$iac utput r #l$ pressure+

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n s

&i"etersTRA0SMISSIO0

PRO1E

In the trans"issin"eth$* the e"itteran$ pht$etectr are

ppsite ! each ther%ith the "easuringsite in6#et%een+ Thelight can then passthrugh the site+ Thetrans"issin "eth$is the "st c""n

t'pe use$ an$ !r this$iscussin the

RE2

In th"ethe"ittphtne&t n t"easThe l!r"the $the s

WHO USES PULSE

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WHO USES PULSEOXIMETERS?O&i"eters are use$ #' in$i4i$uals %h

re7uire regular "nitring ! their&'gen le4el n a $a' t $a' #asis+ Pulse&i"eters are use$ "e$icall' #' $ctrs*nurses* $entists* EMTs an$ 4arius ther"e$ical pr!essinals %h per!r"regular r peri$ic 8spt checs9 n

patients+ Persns using cncentrate$&'gen* r thse %ith chrnic illnesses! the respiratr' r car$iac s'ste"#enet !r" n%ing h% %ell&'genate$ the' are+ O&i"eters can als#e use$ !r health "nitring #'

athletes* cli"#ers* pilts an$ $i4ers t

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Where are pulse &i"eput n?

2inger Earl#e

1a!

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oximeters#ximeters used in

anesthetic machineAs a desktop unit A ng

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re 'pes &i"eters

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is use$:uring

e"ergenc'

situatins lielss !

cnsciusness*trau"a etc+

Mnthe&

satur4aa4

situ

Sprtapplicae+g+

"unt

A!ter surger'$uring therec4er'

phase

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WOR5I0; O2 A PULSEOXIMETER%ulse oximetry uses readily available light-emitting diodes &'()s* at two

+ nm &red* and nm &infrared*. These wavelengths are not the perfebut they strike a balance between ideal and convenience and cost-e/ect

two wavelengths are at points of the greatest separation between the haandoxyhaemoglobin absorption spectra. The light emitted from the sensowhich can be placed on the nger, toe or ear-lobe, is absorbed by arteriablood, tissue and the variable pulsations of arterial blood. 0sing a micropsignals from the red and infra-red light sources are eualised and the ratred light is calculated.This ratio is directly related to arterial oxygen satu

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Assessing rea$ings !r" a

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Assessing rea$ings !r" a&i"eter

A nr"al rea$ing !r a persn #reathing r" athe high a rea$ing ! an'%here !r"

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A$4antages ! PulseO&i"eter

2ast spee$ B Pulse &i"etr' "easures a patients artesaturatin ! &'gen (SaO3) in secn$s> "easure"en

#taine$ !r" arterial #l$ gases (A1;) can tae se4"inutes t ac7uire

Accurate an$ eas' t use B Little t n training

nee$e$ t per!r" pulse &i"etr'+ Mst &i"etha4e nl' ne #uttn an$ as lng as the pr#e place$ prperl'* 4irtuall' an'ne can use it++ Al

the' are accurate usall'+

0n in4asi4e an$ relia#le B Pulse &i"is per!r"e$ n a ngertip an$ "easuthrugh the nail #e$+ As lng as the&i"eter is use$ prperl' an$ is cali#regularl'* it is eas' t use an$ usuall'

relia#le+

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Disadvantages of Pulse Oxim Ineecti4e in Ane"ia B 2hen hemoglobin levels in the blood

are low due to anemia, or loss of red blood cells, the pulse

oximeter is not an accurate measurement of blood oxygen

levels.

.lr Inter!erence B 3ecause the pulse oximeter works bysensing light wavelengths, anything that interferes with the lightspectrum can prevent proper functioning of the sensor.

Mtin Sensiti4it' B 2hen a patient vigorously moves theextremity that the oximeter sensor it attached to, it can

interfere with the wavelength signals and cause the oximeter to

sound the low oxygen alarm.

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