*Question forms

*Prepositions of place, time and

movement

QUESTIONS FORMS...?

Direct questions:

Yes/no questions

1. Most verbs need to use the auxiliary do/does/did to

make questions.

Ex…Did you do the homework yesterday?

2. Verbs with be, can and have(got) don´t need the

auxiliary do/does/did.

ex…Have you got the ball?

3. Negative yes/no questions expect a particular

answer.

Ex…Aren´t you going out with me?

Wh – questions

1. Questions words(who, what, where, when, whose,

why, which and how) come at the beginning of the

question.

Ex…When is your birthday?

2. If who, what or which is the subject of the

sentence, we don´t use the auxiliary do/does/did,

and we use normal sentence word order.

Ex…Who pay you the book?

3. If there is a preposition, it comes at the end of the

question.

Ex…What were the history about?

Alternative question(which expect the answer to

be one of two options)

There are two types: yes/no type and wh – type.

Ex…Does she want to eat pizza or burger?

Indirect questions

Common ways of starting indirect questions:

*I‟d like to know

*Could you tell me

*Would you mind telling me

*Do you know

Ex…Do you know if the class has been finished yet?

Question tags

Question tags are short questions at the end of a

statement.

Ex…She loves him, doesn‟t she?

He doesn‟t have a dog, does he?

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE, TIME

AND MOVEMENT! preposition of place

AT-> a point in space where something happens.

Ex…At the beginning.

IN-> something takes place inside.

Ex…In the house.

ON-> shows that something taking place is on

something.

Ex…On the street.

Preposition of time

AT-> clock times, points in time, weekends, holidays.

Ex…At 8:00 O‟clock.

IN-> months, years, seasons, centuries, parts of the

day, a point of time during a period.

Ex…In the morning.

ON-> specific days and dates.

Ex…on New Year‟s day.

Preposition of movement

AT-> use it with “arrive”, to show the person/thing the action is

aimed at.

Ex…The airplane arrive at the airport.

TO-> use it with verbs of movement(come, go, travel, run, send,

take, walk, etc.)

Ex…I‟m going on a travel to Paris.

INTO-> use it with verbs that mean “to move from outside to an

inside areas”.

Ex…I‟m into my room.

TOWARDS-> it means moving or pointing in a particular

direction.

Ex…The dog walk towards me.

AT THE END-> final point or part.

Ex…My room is at the end of the corridor.

IN THE END-> it means finally after a long time.

*Present simple and present continuous

*Modifiers

PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT

CONTINUOUS! Present simple

Routines(often with adverbs of frequency like always, often,

sometimes, never, once a week).

Ex…Sam goes to walk everyday morning.

Future meanings(after when, as soon as, if, until).

Ex…Do the homework if you want to go out later.

Permanent situations

Ex…I come from Mexico.

Timetables

Ex…The theatre function starts at 10:00 a.m.

Scientific facts

Ex…The sun rises in the east.

State verbs(be, have, depend, know, think, understand,

disagree, like, want, hear, love, see, smell, taste).

Ex…This flower smells so well.

Present continuous

Actions happening now

Ex…He is preparing the food.

Changing situations

Ex…My brother is getting bigger day after day.

Temporary situations

Ex…My grandmother is going to stay here this week.

Future plans

Ex…What are you going to do on Christmas?

Annoying habits

Ex…George always scream at me.

MODIFIERS! Fairly: more than average, but less than very.

Ex…Jessica is fairly thin.

Quite: a little, or a lot but not completely.

Ex…He‟s quite attractive.

Pretty: it‟s stronger than quite. It suggest more than was

expected.

Ex…The house is pretty big.

A bit: it‟s used with the same meaning as little.

ex…It‟s a bit hot here.

Really: it‟s used to show emphasis. It‟s also used with verbs.

Ex…Hayley is really beautiful.

Extremely/incredibly/terribly

They are used in a similar way to very but are stronger than very.

Ex…It was extremely hard.

*Types of comparison

*Reflexives and own

TYPES OF COMPARISON!

To a higher degree

Ex…The dog of Franck is smaller than Tony‟s dog.

To the same degree

Ex…My house is as big as Elena‟s house.

To a lower degree

Ex…He has less good grades than before.

(not)as…as

Ex…Shakira is not as good as Beyonce.

So…as

Ex…The cell phone is not so expensive as we think.

REFLEXIVES AND OWN!

When the object is the same person/thing as the

subject.

Ex…He hit himself with the ball.

With by to mean alone.

Ex…All my friends live by themselves.

Without the help of others.

Ex…She do the homework on her own.

To mean alone.

Ex…I don´t like to go to the cinema on my own.

*Narrative tenses

*Time conjunctions

NARRATIVE TENSES!

Past simple

FORM-> verb + -ed(remember there are many

irregular verb forms)

To talk about events in the past that are now

finished.

Ex…She made the cake the last week.

To talk about habits in the past.

Ex…Sara went to ballet on holidays.

To talk about situations in the past.

Ex…When I was a child, I went to guitar classes.

In reported speech.

Ex…He told me that he did the work.

Past continuous

FORM-> was/were + -ing

Use it to describe a longer continuous past action,

which was in progress when another action

happened.

Ex…We were playing soccer out when it start raining.

Past perfect simple

FORM-> had + past participle

To refer to a time earlier than another past time.

Ex…When she went out to play, she had already

done her homework.

In reported speech.

Ex…Sara said she had already made the food.

Past perfect continuous

FORM-> had been + -ing

Use it to talk about a longer continuous action

which was going on before the main events

happened.

Ex…Before Jim finally decided to go to France, he

had been thinking about it for months.

TIME CONJUNCTIONS!

As: is used to talk about two situations which

develop or change together.

Ex…As I done the homework, I learn more.

When: to refer to periods of life.

Ex…When I worked in Oklahoma, I had more money

than now.

While: to describe two longer actions or situations

going on the same time.

Ex…While she was cooking, I was sleeping.

Eventually/finally: mean „in the end‟. We use them

to say that something happens after a long time or

a lot of effort.

Ex…Finally I finished the work.

At first/to begin with: refer to the beginning of a situation, to make a contrast with something different that happens later.

Ex…She answer the easier questions of the exam to begin with it.

As soon as: to talk about two actions or events that happen very quickly one after the other.

Ex…As soon as I was walking, I saw my friend Tom.

After/afterwards/after that:

Ex…They are going to the cinema and after that they are going for a coffee.

By the time: is used before a verb and means „not later than‟.

Ex…I will arrived to my house by the time you went to the office.

*Modals

*used to and would

MODALS!

Can: we use can to ask for and give permission.

Ex…Can I go to the party?

Could: we use could to ask for permission when

you are not sure what the answer will be.

Ex…Could you come to my house?

May: we use it to ask for or give permission in

formal situations.

Ex…You may have the day off today.

Ought to/should: we use them to talk about

obligations and duties in the future, present and

past.

Ex…You ought to/should do more exercise to have a

good health.

Must: talk about present and future strong

obligations and necessities that come from the

speaker.

Ex…She must study to pass the exam.

Needn‟t/don‟t need/don‟t have to: we use them to

talk about a lack of obligation in the present or

future.

Ex…You don‟t have to wake up early tomorrow.

USED TO AND WOULD!

Used to: past habits that no longer exits.

Ex…I used to play with the dolls, but now I don‟t.

She used to make all the homework's, but now

she doesn‟t do it.

Would: past habits and repeated actions.

Ex…When I lived in Aguascalientes, I would see my

cousins every day.

When David was teenager, He would go to a lot of

parties.