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Sources ofDemographic Data

Group Profile

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this presentation, you will be able to Recognise the broad scope of demographic data sources, and

perceive knowledge about data collecting procedures. Explain data collecting procedures to others. Critically discuss some data collection quality issues, and List some of the difficulties faced in demographic data

collection method.

WHAT IS DEMOGRAPHY?

Demography implies the study of both quantitative and qualitative contexts of human population. Quantitative contexts encompass composition, density, distribution, growth, movement, size, and structure of the population. Qualitative aspects are very sociological aspect such as education quality, crime, development, diet and nutrition, race, social class, and well being.

Demography is the scientific study of human populations, primarily with respect to their size, their structure and their development (UN Multinational Demographic Dictionary 1958).

Population census… A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording

information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population.[The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. The United Nations defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every 10 years.

A census can be contrasted with sampling in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population, sometimes as an intercensas estimate. Modern census data are commonly used for research, business marketing, and planning, and as a baseline for sampling surveys. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in opinion polling. Similarly, stratification requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata which can be derived from census enumerations.

Sullivan, Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). Economics: Principles in action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 334.

Population census of bangladesh…. Census of BangladeshThe 2011 total population was 152,518,015 which ranks Bangladesh 8th in the world.

The baseline for population studies on Bangladesh is the official census which is conducted every 10 years, the last being in 2011.

Demographic evolution of the territory of Bangladesh (1900-2010).

Demographics of Bangladesh. Advantages of Census Surveys:

# Everyone Has an Opportunity to Participate

#Accuracy Concerns are Reduced

# Easier to Administer

#Obtains Better Demographic Data

#All Work Groups Receive Results Disadvantages of Census Surveys:

#Higher Cost & More Time

#Longer Administration Time

#Increases Expectations

#Requires More Training and Support

ERRORS IN DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

Errors that may occur in the execution of a statistical experiment design. Usually errors in censuses and vital statistic registration (VSR) are of two

types• Non Sampling Error: Content Error. Coverage Error.• Sampling Error.

1. Content Error The term error of content refers to instance where the characteristic of a person

counted in a census enumeration or in registration or in a survey are in correctly reported, recorded and tabulated or sometime they are completely missing.

Example 1. Single Mom living with adult son and his girlfriend. Identifies girlfriend as unmarried partner meaning her sons unmarried partner.

2. Coverage Error Coverage Error is a bias in a statistic that occurs when all members of the

population do not have an equal (or known) probability of being included in the sample.

Coverage error results because of undercoverage and overcoverage. Undercoverage occurs when members of the target population are excluded. Overcoverage occurs when units are included erroneously.

3. Sampling Errors Refer to the difference between the estimate derived from a sample survey

and the 'true' value that would result if a census of the whole population were taken under the same conditions.

Factors Affecting Sampling Error: sample size, the sampling fraction, the variability within the population, sample design.

DETECTION OF ERRORS: COMPARISON WITH COLLATERAL DATA COMPARISON OF INDIVIDUAL RECORDS RE-ENUMERATION SURVEY/ POST ENUMERATION SURVEY

Registration of Vital Events…

Vital events are: Births Deaths Marriage Adoptions Divorce Separations

Vital statistics are commonly compiled from records of vital events registered through the government.

History And Importance …..

In England,the first governmental publication of vital statistics appeared in England in 1839.

John Graunt is called the father of demography.In 1662,he analyzed the series of “Bills of Mortality”in the first known statistical analysis of demographic data(Sutherland 1963).

Usefulness: Such registers are kept primarily for administrative

purposes such as legal identification of people, an election roll, and a call for military service, but they are also extremely valuable for demographic purposes.

Registers are expensive to maintain,so the Bangladesh tend to avoid them.

• Vital statistics records are:• Births• Deaths

• Vital statistics estimate the rate of population growth.

Vital Statistics

Combining data from different sources provides clearer picture of change.

• Vital Statistics provide information on births and deaths.

• Administrative data to provide information on migration.

• Census data is often combined with other sources of data to calculate rates.

Censuses are not conducted every year.

Census data are combined with vital statistics data using the demographic balancing equation.

Combining the censuses

Deficiency in any data source leads to inaccuracy in the estimation

For example : In 2000, census counted population in USA 281421906 But demographic balancing equation produced 274520000

Undocumented immigration made this differentiation

Definition of administrative data: Administrative data refers to information collected primarily for administrative purposes. This type of data is collected by government departments and other organizations for the purposes of registration, transaction and record keeping, usually during the delivery of a service.

Administrative Records: Sources of some administrative records are Civil Registration System Government agencies and departments School enrollment Health Statistics from hospital records Employment Statistics Social Security Administration Utility hookups

Administrative Data

Condition of Administrative Record in Bangladesh: Govt. agencies and departments, ministry of Health and welfare, ministry of public Administration and many other ministerial departments provide data. In Bangladesh, the condition of administrative records are.

Very cost effective data source. The unreliability of the data produced The compilation of statistics is secondary Lack of clear guidelines. Lack of effort by the statistical authority

Limitations of Administrative Data: Among the limitations of administrative records are Limited in content on mortality Uses are restricted No adaptability of household surveys Sources are often incomplete, inconsistent or limited  Often focus on the individual They do not provide information that is related to morbidity.

 

Sample Survey

A sample survey is a study that obtains data from a subset of a population, in order to estimate population attributes.

Two types of sample survey:

i. probability samples

ii. non-probability samples.

Demographic sample Surveys in Bangladesh

BBS conducts a number of sample surveys in each year either as a regular activity or on an ad-hoc basis 

1. Agriculture Crop Production Survey (by Agriculture Wing);

2. Sample Vital Registration System Survey (by Demography and Health Wing);

3. Price and Wage Rate Survey (by National Accounting Wing);

4. Local Government Budget Collection Survey (by National Accounting Wing); and

5. Survey of Current Industrial Production (by National Accounting Wing).

 

BBS also conducts important sample surveys regularly at different intervals.

 

1. Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES)

2. Labour Force Survey (LFS)

3. Survey of Manufacturing Industries (SMI)

4. Agriculture Crop Production Survey (ACPS)

5. Price and Wage Rate Survey (PAWARS)

6. Sample Vital Registration Survey (SVRS)

7. Health and Demographic Survey (HDS)

8. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)

9. Literacy Assessment Survey (LAS) 

 Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantage:Cost Reduction

Generalizability of Results

Timeliness

Identification of Strengths & Opportunities

Disadvantage:Determining the Correct Sample Frame

Historical sources of demographic data

Birth records in church register

Death records in the graveyards

A record or table of the descent of a person, family, or group from an ancestor or ancestors; a family tree.

Genealogy

GIS

Definition: A GIS is a computer-based

system that allows us to combine maps with data that refer to particular places on those maps.

• Specific incident• Disease data

THE COMPUTER ALLOWS US TO TRANSFORM A MAP INTO A SET OF:

Areas Lines Points

Example:London physician John Snow used maps to trace local cholera.

BENEFITS:

More sophisticated version is available through GIS.

It helps to demographers & others to bring maps together with data in innovative way.

The geo-referencing of data is placed on the map.

CONTINUE….

It helps to combine different types of data.

We can do it for more than one time. It greatly increases our ability to

visualize & analyze the kind of demographic changes.

It also helps to expand our capacity to progress & analyze data.

Users of Demographic Data

Demographers

Political leader

Academic Programmers

Insurance Companies

Government Planners

Non-Government Organization

Social Scientist

Economists

Where we get Information

Internet International Data:

Demographic Year Book, UN since 1948

Population Index, First Published in 1930 The Principal Journals Include:

Genus Population Studies Population and Development Review International Migration Review

In Bangladesh: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics(BBS) Department of Public Health and Engineering (DPHE) Report on sample vital registration system 2009

Conclusion

• The presentation provides a description of basic demographic processes of Bangladesh on the basis of the available national and international demographic data sources

• To do this it firstly tries to find out the demographic data sources available for Bangladesh in both national and international level

• Also provide the current facts and trends in demographic processes of Bangladesh

Thank You