COMMISSIONING OF GSM COMMISSIONING OF GSM BASESTATION SUBSYSTEMBASESTATION SUBSYSTEM

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Project GroupProject Group

Phalanetra.H.S

Priyadarshini.S

Rakshith.K

Ramya.M

Project InchargeProject Incharge

Prof.Y.L.CHANDRASHEKAR

HISTORY

• In 1895, Guglielmo Marconi opened the way for modern wireless communications by transmitting the three-dot Morse code for the letter ‘S’ over a distance of three kilometers using electromagnetic waves.

• Marconi’s pioneering work quickly led to variety of commercial and government (particularly military) developments and innovations.

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• Wireless telegraphy was first used by the British military in South Africa in 1900 during the Anglo-Boer war.

• The British navy used equipment supplied by Marconi to communicate between ships in Delagoa Bay. Shipping was a major early client for wireless telegraphy and wireless was standard for shipping by the time the Titanic issued its radio distress calls in 1912.

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Modulation in those days were based on what could begenerated easily.The following types of modulation were used • AM-Amplitude Modulation• OOK-On Off keying• FSK-Frequency Shift Keying From 1940’s till now the mobile communication systemhas experienced three phases based on developmentprocess and direction

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FIRST GENERATION

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The first generation mobile communication system adopts the cellular networking technology. The concept of cell was proposed by Bell Labs and later developed in many other places in the world in 1970s.

1. AMPS in North America2. NMT-450/900 in North Europe3. TACS in UK DRAWBACKS:-- The frequency utilization rate was low.-- The security is not high so it is easy to intercept.-- This cannot be evolved towards digitization with fixed network.

SECOND GENERATION

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To overcome the defects of the 1G analog systems, mobiletelephone network were built on the digital transmissiontechniques such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) andCode Division Multiple Access (CDMA). --- TDMA systems were used in different parts of world by

different names1. Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) in Europe.2. Digital cellular system (D-AMPS) in North America.3. Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) in Japan

THIRD GENERATION

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The popularity of 2G technology and increase of subscribers and development of digital communication technologies, defects of 2G technology lead to this phase.

There are basically three standards are available. They are• TD-SCDMA• Broadband cdmaOne• UMTS

FEATURES-- Global roaming capability-- Improved spectrum efficiency-- High speed hierarchical data rates-- Multimedia application services-- video calling

GSM

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STCS

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

HISTORY

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• Early 80’s Europe was experiencing rapid growth in the analog cellular telephone systems. • GSM mandate was to develop a standard to be common for the countries that created it – provide service to the entire European continent.

• 1982 Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) GSM (Groupe Special Mobile) group was formed to study and develop a pan-European public land mobile system.

• Phase I of GSM specifications was published in 1990 .

• International demand was so great that the system name was changed from Groupe Special Mobile to Global Systems for Mobile Communications (still GSM)

• Commercial services were started in mid 1991.

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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Fig. GSM Network structure

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• Mobile Station (MS) Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

• Base Station Subsystem (BBS)Base Transceiver Station (BTS)Base Station Controller (BSC)Operation subsystem (OSS)

• Network SubsystemMobile Switching Center (MSC)Home Location Register (HLR)Visitor Location Register (VLR)Authentication Center (AUC)Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

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The Mobile Station is made up of two entities:

• Mobile Equipment (ME)

• Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

SYSTEM ARCHITECTUREMobile Station (MS)

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----Mobile Equipment

• Produced by many different manufacturers.

• Must obtain approval from the standardization body.

• Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity).

SYSTEM ARCHITECTUREMobile Station (MS) CONTD…..

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----Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

• Smart card containing the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)• Allows user to send and receive calls and receive other subscribed services• Encoded network identification details• Protected by a password or PIN• Can be moved from phone to phone – contains key information to activate the phone

SYSTEM ARCHITECTUREMobile Station (MS) CONTD…..

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Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts that communicate across the standardized Abis interface allowing operation between components made by different suppliers

• Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

• Base Station Controller (BSC)

SYSTEM ARCHITECTUREBase Station Subsystem (BSS)

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Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

• Houses the radio transceivers that define a cell• Handles radio-link protocols with the Mobile Station• Speech and data transmissions from the MS are recoded• Requirements for BTS:

ruggednessreliabilityportabilityminimum costs

SYSTEM ARCHITECTUREBase Station Subsystem (BSS) CONTD…..

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Base Station Controller (BSC)

• Manages Resources for BTS• Handles call set up• Location update• Handover for each MS

Operation subsystem (OSS)

Operations and maintenance center (OMC), network management center (NMC), and administration center (ADC) work together to monitor, control, maintain, and manage the network

SYSTEM ARCHITECTUREBase Station Subsystem (BSS) CONTD…..

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GSM

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

• Switch speech and data connections between:Base Station ControllersMobile Switching CentersGSM-networksOther external networks

• Heart of the network• Three main jobs:

1) connects calls from sender to receiver2) collects details of the calls made and received3) supervises operation of the rest of the network components

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURENetwork Subsystem (NSS)

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GSM

• Home Location Registers (HLR)- contains administrative information of each subscriber-current location of the mobile

• Visitor Location Registers (VLR)- contains selected administrative

information from the HLR

-authenticates the user-tracks which customers have the phone on

and ready to receive a call

-periodically updates the database on which phones are turned on and ready to receive calls

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURENetwork Subsystem (NSS) CONTD…..

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GSM

Authentication Center (AUC) --- mainly used for security.--- data storage location and functional part of

the network. --- ki (Subscriber authentication key) is the primary element.

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)- Database that is used to track handsets using the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity).

- Made up of three sub-classes: The White List, The Black List and the Gray List.

- Optional database.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURENetwork Subsystem (NSS) CONTD…..

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THANK YOU

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