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Final monitoring report for the 2010-2011 marine pest survey of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia
Kathryn Wiltshire and Marty Deveney
SARDI Publication No. F2011/000386-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 575
SARDI Aquatic Sciences PO Box 120 Henley Beach SA 5022
September 2011
Final monitoring report for the 2010-2011 marine pest survey of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia
Kathryn Wiltshire and Marty Deveney
SARDI Publication No. F2011/000386-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 575
September 2011
This Publication may be cited as: Wiltshire, K.H. and Deveney, M.R (2011). Final monitoring report for the 2010-2011 marine pest survey of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2011/000386-1. SARDI Research Report Series No. 575. 34pp.
South Australian Research and Development Institute SARDI Aquatic Sciences 2 Hamra Avenue West Beach SA 5024 Telephone: (08) 8207 5400 Facsimile: (08) 8207 5406 http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au
DISCLAIMER
The authors warrant that they have taken all reasonable care in producing this report. The report has been through the SARDI Aquatic Sciences internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Chief, Aquatic Sciences. Although all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure quality, SARDI Aquatic Sciences does not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. SARDI Aquatic Sciences does not accept any liability for the contents of this report or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it.
© 2011 SARDI
This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owner. Neither may information be stored in any form whatsoever without such permission. Printed in Adelaide: September 2011 SARDI Publication No. F2011/000386-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 575 Author(s): Kathryn Wiltshire and Marty Deveney Reviewer(s): Dr. Simon Goldsworthy and Dr. Paul van Ruth Approved by: Dr. Jason Tanner Principal Scientist – Marine Environment & Ecology Signed: Date: 16 September 2011 Distribution: SAASC Library, University of Adelaide Library, Parliamentary Library,
State Library and National Library Circulation: Public Domain
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... iii
Executive summary ..................................................................................................... iv
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1
2. Methods ................................................................................................................... 2
2.1. Personnel and stakeholders ................................................................................ 2
2.2. Survey design ..................................................................................................... 5
2.2.1. Modifications to survey design .................................................................. 5
2.2.2. Selecting sites to monitor ......................................................................... 7
2.2.3. Sample and specimen labelling .............................................................. 10
2.3. Sample collection .............................................................................................. 10
2.3.1. Crab and Fish traps ................................................................................ 10
2.3.2. Dredges .................................................................................................. 11
2.3.3. Beam trawls ........................................................................................... 14
2.3.4. Diver visual surveys................................................................................ 14
2.3.5. Cores ..................................................................................................... 16
2.3.6. Phytoplankton tows ................................................................................ 17
2.3.7. Zooplankton tows ................................................................................... 17
2.4. Laboratory processing and identification ........................................................... 21
2.4.1. Invertebrate specimens .......................................................................... 21
2.4.2. Macroalgal specimens ............................................................................ 21
2.4.3. Phytoplankton and sediment samples .................................................... 22
2.4.4. Zooplankton samples ............................................................................. 22
3. Results ................................................................................................................... 22
3.1. Target species detected and actions taken ....................................................... 22
3.1.1. Alexandrium catenella ............................................................................ 25
3.1.2. Alexandrium minutum ............................................................................. 25
3.1.3. Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea ...................................................... 26
3.1.4. Caulerpa taxifolia .................................................................................... 26
3.1.5. Codium fragile ssp. fragile ...................................................................... 26
3.1.6. Sabella spallanzanii ................................................................................ 27
3.1.7. Abundant unknown species .................................................................... 27
3.2. PCR results ....................................................................................................... 28
4. Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 28
References ................................................................................................................. 30
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Personnel involved in the Port of Adelaide survey and reporting.
*Primary contact person for questions regarding the final monitoring
report for Port Adelaide. ......................................................................... 3
Table 2. Funding providers and stakeholders for the Port of Adelaide
monitoring. ............................................................................................. 4
Table 3. Target species for monitoring in the Port of Adelaide survey. ................. 6
Table 4. Site codes and GPS coordinates (GDA94) for monitoring in the 2010-
11 Port Adelaide survey. Note, Channel markers have been
renumbered in Port Adelaide; site names based on channel markers
refer to previous numbering. .................................................................. 8
Table 5. Method ID codes for monitoring in the 2010-11 Port Adelaide survey. . 10
Table 6. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of trap samples. Fish and crab
traps were deployed simultaneously at all trap sampling sites. Date
refers to deployment date, traps were left overnight and collected the
following day. ....................................................................................... 12
Table 7. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of dredge samples. ................... 13
Table 8. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of beam trawl samples. Note,
no beam trawl sampling was conducted in Autumn .............................. 15
Table 9. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of diver visual surveys. ............. 15
Table 10. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of core samples. ....................... 17
Table 11. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of phytoplankton samples. ........ 18
Table 12. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of zooplankton samples. ........... 20
Table 13. Details of target species detections. ..................................................... 22
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Map of sampling sites within four sublocations in the Port of Adelaide,
South Australia. ........................................................................................ 9
Figure 2. Map of trap sampling locations. .............................................................. 11
Figure 3. Map of dredge sampling locations. ......................................................... 14
Figure 4. Map of beam trawl sampling locations. ................................................... 14
Figure 5. Map of diver visual survey locations. ...................................................... 16
Figure 6. Map of core sampling locations. ............................................................. 16
Figure 7. Map of phytoplankton sampling locations. .............................................. 18
Figure 8. Map of zooplankton sampling locations. ................................................. 18
Figure 9. Map showing Alexandrium minutum detection. ....................................... 25
Figure 10. Map showing Alexandrium catenella detections. ................................... 25
Figure 11. Map showing Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea detections. ............. 26
Figure 12. Map showing Caulerpa taxifolia detections........................................... 26
Figure 13. Map showing Codium fragile ssp. fragile detections.............................. 27
Figure 14. Map showing Sabella spallanzanii detections. ...................................... 27
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank Biosecurity SA for funding the 2010-11 survey of Port
Adelaide. SARDI Aquatic Sciences staff Jason Nichols, Alex Dobrovolskis, Ian
Moody and Leonardo Mantilla assisted with sample collection, laboratory sorting and
identification of invertebrates. Thanks to SARDI Molecular Diagnostics staff for PCR
analysis, Clinton Wilkinson of SASQAP for phytoplankton and sediment sample
processing and identification, and Fred Gurgel of the State Herbarium of SA for
macroalgal identification. Paul van Ruth and Simon Goldsworthy of SARDI Aquatic
Sciences and Michael Sierp of Biosecurity SA provided constructive comments on
the manuscript.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In Australia the National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest
Incursions (National System) requires regular surveys for priority marine pest species
(target species) in 18 National Monitoring Network locations including the Port of
Adelaide. The Port of Adelaide was surveyed in Spring 2010 and Autumn 2011,
following the Marine Pest Monitoring Manual and Marine Pest Monitoring Guidelines.
The Monitoring Design excel Template version 1c was used to calculate sample
numbers, giving a known likelihood of the survey to detect target species, with the
final survey design approved by the Monitoring Design Assessment Panel. This
document reports the results of the monitoring activity and is the Final Report for the
2010-11 pest survey of the Port of Adelaide for submission to the South Australian
Monitoring Coordination Point (Biosecurity SA) and the Department of Agriculture
Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF). During the survey, six targeted marine pests were
identified: Sabella spallanzanii, Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea, Caulerpa
taxifolia, Codium fragile ssp. fragile, Alexandrium catenella and Alexandrium minutum.
All of these species were already recorded from the Port of Adelaide and there were
no new targeted marine pest species identified in this survey, nor any abundant
unknowns that may represent potential pest incursions.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Marine pests cause ecological and economic harm through loss of biodiversity,
reduction in revenue from aquaculture and fisheries, damage to infrastructure, loss of
amenity and, in some instances, human health impacts (Hayes and Sliwa 2003;
Molnar et al. 2008). In an environment of increased world trade, passenger
movement and the threat of climate change, nations face new challenges from pests
and diseases (Deveney and Scott 2008). Marine pest issues in Australia are
managed via the National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine
Pest Incursions (National System), which functions on the basis of an
intergovernmental agreement for a single approach to issues related to marine pests
in Australia (Commonwealth of Australia 2009). Part of the National System is an
ongoing commitment by States and Territories to regularly survey a minimum of 18
National Monitoring Network (NMN) locations around Australia. These surveys aim to
detect new incursions and range expansions of priority pest species (target species),
and to detect other introduced species that have invasive characteristics. Data
collected by monitoring will also be used to establish the risk status of ports to
manage commercial shipping under the Australian Ballast Water Information System
and to inform policy decisions on marine pest management (National System for the
Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions 2010b).
Consistent and cost effective marine pest monitoring is best facilitated through the
application of a standardised sampling strategy. Standard protocols for marine pest
surveys have been developed under the National System and are described in the
Marine Pest Monitoring Manual (the Manual) (National System for the Prevention and
Management of Marine Pest Incursions 2010b); this is complemented by the Marine
Pest Monitoring Guidelines (National System for the Prevention and Management of
Marine Pest Incursions 2010a), which outlines governance arrangements. Monitoring
in Australia is funded and coordinated by relevant State or Territory agencies
(National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions
2010a). South Australian surveys are coordinated by Biosecurity SA, a division of
Primary Industries and Resources SA (PIRSA). National coordination is provided by
the Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) Invasive Marine
Species Program.
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A Monitoring Design Package (MDP), including several design templates and further
user guides, is used in conjunction with the Manual. The primary tool for survey
design included in the MDP is the Monitoring Design excel Template (MDeT). Based
on data relating to the port and intended sampling techniques, the MDeT gives a list
of species that should be monitored (from the list of target species, with exclusions
based on salinity and temperature tolerances), and suggests best seasons to
sample. For each species and sampling technique combination, the MDeT calculates
sample sizes needed to detect the target population density (as defined in the MDeT)
with known confidence, along with associated costs. Where sample sizes are
adjusted from those calculated, the MDeT provides a revised sensitivity of the survey
technique. Surveys designed using the MDeT and other tools need to be approved
by the Monitoring Design Assessment Panel (MDAP) before monitoring commences
(National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions
2010b).
The Port of Adelaide is one of the NMN locations, and was last surveyed in 2007-8
(Rowling 2009). This previous survey was conducted both to update baseline
knowledge of the pest status of the Port of Adelaide following a survey in 2001
(Cohen et al. 2002), and also as a trial of a draft version of the Manual. The current
survey of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia, was designed following the
procedures outlined in the Manual and using the MDeT version 1c. Sampling for this
survey was conducted over Spring 2010 and Autumn 2011. This Final Report for the
monitoring activity summarises findings of this survey and should be read in
conjunction with the Monitoring design report (MDR, Appendix I), Implementation
plan (Appendix II) and Post sample collection report (Appendix III), all of which were
previously submitted to DAFF as required under the survey protocols (National
System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions 2010b).
2. METHODS
2.1. Personnel and stakeholders
Details of all personnel and institutions involved with the 2010-11 survey and their
roles are given in Table 1. Stakeholder details are given in Table 2.
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Table 1. Personnel involved in the Port of Adelaide survey and reporting. *Primary contact person for questions regarding the final monitoring report for Port Adelaide.
Name and Contact details Role(s)
Kathryn Wiltshire* BSc Hons (Mar. Sci.) Senior Research Officer (Mar Env & Ecol) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5456 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]
Survey coordinator
Preparation of final report
Preparation of post-sample collection report
Sample collection, field and laboratory sorting and identification
Preparation of implementation plan
Survey design
Marty Deveney PhD Subprogram Leader (Marine Pests) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5434 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]
Survey coordinator
Preparation of final report
Preparation of post-sample collection report
Preparation of implementation plan
Survey design
Keith Rowling† BSc Hons
Fisheries Manager PIRSA Fisheries & Aquaculture Ph (08) 8226 1745 Fax (08) 8226 0434 [email protected]
Survey design
Preparation of monitoring design report
Jason Nichols MSc Senior Operational Services Officer (Mar Env & Ecol) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 544 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]
Sample collection, field and laboratory sorting and identification
Alex Dobrovolskis BSc Operational Services Officer (Mar Env & Ecol) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5494 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]
Sample collection, field and laboratory sorting and identification
Ian Moody BSc Research Officer (Mar Env & Ecol) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5493 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]
Sample collection, field and laboratory sorting and identification
Leonardo Mantilla BSc Hons Research Officer (Taxonomy) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5425 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]
Sample collection, field and laboratory sorting and identification
Verification of invertebrate identifications
Fred Gurgel PhD Marine Botanist State Herbarium of SA (SHSA) Ph (08) 8222 9291 Fax (08) 8222 9456 [email protected]
Identification and verification of macroalgal specimens
Lodgement of algal specimens
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Name and Contact details Role(s)
Clinton Wilkinson Grad Dip Program Leader (South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program) Biosecurity SA Ph (08) 8683 2533 Fax (08) 8683 2560 [email protected]
Processing, identification and verification of microalgal cyst and phytoplankton samples
Nathan Bott PhD Research Scientist (Molecular Diagnostics) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5485 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]
PCR analysis of zooplankton samples
Thierry Laperousaz MSc Collections Manager (Marine Invertebrates) South Australian Museum Ph (08) 8207 7487 Fax (08) 8207 7222 [email protected]
Lodgement and verification of invertebrate specimens
† Formerly Senior Research Officer at SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Table 2. Funding providers and stakeholders for the Port of Adelaide monitoring.
Stakeholder Organisation Contact Details
Program owner (e.g. state government, port authority)
Biosecurity SA Michael Sierp Ph (08) 82262889 [email protected]
Funding provider Biosecurity SA As above
Commercial trading port
Flinders Ports Scott Marston Client Services (Marine Traffic) Ph (08) 84470623 [email protected]
Marinas City of Port Adelaide Enfield
Daniel Smith Customer Service Team Ph (08) 84056600
Royal SA Yacht Squadron Wayne Phillips General manager Ph (08) 8341 8600
Boat ramp City of Port Adelaide Enfield
As above
Navigation buoys Transport SA Scott Porter Policy and Services Ph (08) 82048830
Markers and other structures
Transport SA As above
Jetty Flinders Ports As above
Recreational users City of Port Adelaide Enfield
As above
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2.2. Survey design
The 2010-11 Port Adelaide survey was designed using the MDeT v1c and originally
considered three sublocations: Outer Harbor, Inner Harbour and the Upper Port (see
Appendix I). Of 54 target species included in MDeT v1c, 17 were excluded based on
temperature and salinity tolerances (O'Loughlin et al. 2006) and the Port of Adelaide
survey therefore targeted 37 priority pest species (Table 3). Traps (targeting hard
and soft substrate), dredges (targeting soft substrate infauna), beam trawls (targeting
soft substrate epifauna), diver visual surveys (targeting hard substrate), snorkel
visual surveys (targeting the water column), cores (targeting dinoflagellate cysts in
soft sediment), phytoplankton tows and zooplankton tows (targeting the water column
for dinoflagellate cells and planktonic pests/larvae respectively) were chosen as
sampling techniques. Zooplankton samples were analysed by TaqMan® qPCR
assays. A sample size for each of these techniques was determined by MDeT, but
calculations for zooplankton sample numbers were not based on specificity and
sensitivity of the specific PCR assays used. Resulting sample numbers were
unfeasibly high for some techniques and were adjusted as described in the MDR
(Appendix I).
2.2.1. Modifications to survey design
Subsequent to the submission of the MDR, the design for the survey of Port Adelaide
was modified in consultation with DAFF and the MDAP. Modifications were made
based on a trial of a beta version of MDeT v2 and a recommendation from the MDAP
to include North Haven as a fourth sublocation for sampling.
The MDeT v2 beta includes an adjusted formula for the calculation of sample sizes
with the aim of better capturing temporal variation in the occurrence of pests, and no
longer considers the snorkel visual technique due to concerns about efficacy of this
method, instead including the option to use fish traps. Required sample numbers
calculated using MDeT v2 were an order of magnitude higher than those calculated
by v1c for several techniques, making the resulting survey unfeasible to conduct.
Sample numbers given by v1c were therefore retained. Snorkel visual surveys were
excluded and fish traps substituted using sample numbers from MDeT v2.
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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Table 3. Target species for monitoring in the Port of Adelaide survey.
Species Group
Crassostrea gigas Bivalve
Ensis directus Bivalve
Musculista senhousia Bivalve
Mya arenaria Bivalve
Mytilopsis sallei Bivalve
Perna perna Bivalve
Perna viridis Bivalve
Varicorbula gibba Bivalve
Crepidula fornicata Gastropod
Rapana venosa Gastropod
Hydroides dianthus Polychaete
Sabella spallanzanii Polychaete
Asterias amurensis Sea star
Didemnum spp. Colonial ascidian
Beroe ovata Comb jelly
Mnemiopsis leidyi Comb jelly
Acartia tonsa Copepod
Carcinus maenas Crab
Charybdis japonica Crab
Hemigrapsus sanguineus Crab
Hemigrapsus takanoi/penicillatus Crab
Rhithropanopeus harrisii Crab
Siganus luridus Fish
Siganus rivulatus Fish
Alexandrium catenella Dinoflagellate
Alexandrium minutum Dinoflagellate
Alexandrium monilatum Dinoflagellate
Alexandrium tamarense Dinoflagellate
Dinophysis norvegica Dinoflagellate
Gymnodinium catenatum Dinoflagellate
Pfiesteria piscicida Dinoflagellate
Undaria pinnatifida Brown alga
Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea Green alga
Caulerpa taxifolia Green alga
Codium fragile spp. fragile Green alga
Bonnemaisonia hamifera Red alga
Grateloupia turuturu Red alga
Womersleyella setacea Red alga
The survey of the Port of Adelaide was costed based on the original survey design
(Appendix I) and it was agreed with DAFF and the MDAP that sample numbers in the
Outer Harbor sublocation could be reduced in order to accommodate sampling in
North Haven. Sample numbers in North Haven were not calculated from the MDeT
due to time constraints; sample sizes for the Upper Port were used, based on these
locations being of similar size and proportion of benthic hard and soft substrates.
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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Some cost savings were anticipated based on the replacement of snorkel visual
surveys with fish traps, hence additional sampling in North Haven using traps, cores
and diver visual surveys was conducted without a reduction in sample numbers for
Outer Harbor for these techniques. Sample numbers in Outer Harbor were reduced
for phytoplankton, zooplankton, dredge and beam trawl sampling by the required
number of samples to be taken in North Haven.
The final survey design is summarised in the Implementation Plan (Appendix II) with
sampling techniques detailed in section 2.3.
2.2.2. Selecting sites to monitor
Sites to monitor should be evenly, not randomly, distributed throughout the survey
area, although consideration should be given to sampling sites with a higher
likelihood of detecting target species based on local knowledge and an
understanding of species traits (National System for the Prevention and Management
of Marine Pest Incursions 2010b). A map of the Port Adelaide area was overlaid with
a 200 m grid and a sufficient number of grid points selected as sampling sites for the
technique with the maximum number of samples required for each sub location
(Table 4). Some sites were shifted slightly from their grid positions to nearby
structures (e.g. wharves, channel markers). All sites were given a four letter code to
be used for sample and specimen labelling (see section 2.2.3 and Appendix II). Sites
were assigned GPS coordinates in ArcGIS (Table 4) to allow accurate relocation
during surveys, but were considered as areas surrounding these point locations in
order to incorporate a range of substrates (hard/soft) and suitable areas for water
column sampling. For techniques requiring fewer samples than the number of sites in
a sublocation, a subset of sites was selected. These were evenly spaced throughout
the sublocation as far as practical, but with bias towards sites with a greater
proportion of the habitat targeted by the particular technique, e.g. the location of dive
surveys was limited by the distribution of hard substrate, while dredge and beam
trawl sites were selected considering availability of suitable stretches of soft
sediment. The influence of shipping movements on site access also affected site
selection. For techniques repeated in both seasons, sites not sampled in the first
season were preferentially selected for monitoring in the second season, except
where suitable habitat was not present. Actual sample coordinates were recorded;
these are not necessarily spatially coincident with the nominal site location, or
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between techniques for a given site, as different techniques targeted different
substrates (or the water column). In addition, tows, trawls, dredges and dive
transects were of varying lengths as detailed in section 2.3.
Table 4. Site codes and GPS coordinates (GDA94) for monitoring in the 2010-11 Port Adelaide survey. Note, Channel markers have been renumbered in Port Adelaide; site names based on channel markers refer to previous numbering.
Site Name Code Latitude Longitude
Outer Harbor sublocation
Outer Harbor entrance OHEN -34.7842 138.470
Southern revetment OHSR -34.7845 138.475
Northern revetment OHNR -34.7800 138.475
Outer Harbor Berth 1 OHB1 -34.7793 138.481
Swing Basin OHSB -34.7735 138.480
Outer Harbor Berth 4 OHB4 -34.7733 138.484
Royal SA Yacht Squadron OHYS -34.7733 138.489
Outer Harbor Berth 6 OHB6 -34.7708 138.487
Channel marker 8 OH08 -34.769 138.484
Channel marker 10 OH10 -34.7644 138.489
Outer Harbor Berth 8 OHB8 -34.7664 138.493
Channel marker 12 OH12 -34.7628 138.494
Channel marker 15 OH15 -34.7639 138.498
Channel marker 16 OH16 -34.7601 138.500
Channel marker 19 OH19 -34.7617 138.505
Channel marker 20 OH20 -34.7599 138.509
Snapper point OHSP -34.7642 138.511
Channel marker 22 OH22 -34.7646 138.516
Channel marker 24 OH24 -34.7688 138.520
Lipson Channel OHLC -34.7735 138.518
Quarantine Station Jetty OHQS -34.7772 138.519
Mutton Cove Channel OHMC -34.7802 138.515
Inner Harbour sublocation
Inner Harbour M berth IHMB -34.8257 138.507
Inner Harbour Berth 27 IH27 -34.8268 138.509
Inner Harbour K berth IHKB -34.8290 138.507
Inner Harbour no 3 dock IHD3 -34.8290 138.509
Inner Harbour Berth 20 IH20 -34.8315 138.509
Upper Port sublocation
Birkenhead bridge UPBB -34.8431 138.502
Maritime Berth UPMB -34.8421 138.500
Musgrave wharf UPMW -34.8432 138.496
Princes Wharf UPPW -34.8445 138.498
North Haven sublocation
Flinders marina NHFM -34.7867 138.4868
Cruising Yacht club marina NHYC -34.7914 138.4887
North Haven boat ramp NHBR -34.7950 138.4864
North Haven entrance NHEN -34.7956 138.4818
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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Figure 1. Map of sampling sites within four sublocations in the Port of Adelaide, South Australia.
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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2.2.3. Sample and specimen labelling
Samples from the Port of Adelaide survey were labelled following the standard format
outlined in the Manual (National System for the Prevention and Management of
Marine Pest Incursions 2010b). Sample ID codes consist of 13 digits, comprising a 7-
digit survey ID, 4-digit site ID and 2-digit method ID. The survey ID for the Port of
Adelaide is the NMN location code for Adelaide: ADL, followed by a four-digit
representation of month (MM) and year (YY) in the format YYMM. Site IDs are as
per Table 4 and method IDs are given in Table 5. Each voucher specimen retained
from a sample was given a unique specimen label consisting of the sample ID
followed by a 2-digit specimen number. Further detail on labelling is given in the
Implementation plan (Appendix II).
Table 5. Method ID codes for monitoring in the 2010-11 Port Adelaide survey.
Method ID Method
DV Diver Visual Survey ZT Zooplankton Tow PT Phytoplankton Tow TR Beam Trawl C_ Core T_ Trap D_ Dredge
2.3. Sample collection
2.3.1. Crab and Fish traps
Crab and fish traps were deployed simultaneously at all trap sites, leading to greater
sample numbers than required under the MDeT (v1c for crab traps and v2 for fish
traps) and than proposed by the MDR (Appendix I). A total of 33 traps were deployed
in Spring, 28 on or around hard substrate and 5 on soft substrate, and 5 traps in
Autumn all on or around hard substrate. Nineteen traps were deployed in Outer
Harbor in Spring (17 hard substrate, 2 soft) and 2 in Autumn, 4 were deployed in
Inner Harbour in Spring (3 hard and 1 soft) and 1 in Autumn, and both North Haven
and the Upper Port had 5 traps deployed in Spring (4 hard, 1 soft) and 1 in Autumn.
Trap locations are shown in Figure 2, with coordinates and deployment dates given
in Table 6. Each deployment consisted of a set of three traps: an opera-house style
for larger fish and crabs, a box style for smaller crabs and fish, and a tube style for
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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smaller fish. All traps were baited with sardines and left overnight. On retrieval, trap
contents were sorted on board the vessel, with potential target species retained.
Figure 2. Map of trap sampling locations.
2.3.2. Dredges
Soft substrates were dredged using a 1 m wide dredge equipped with 10 cm long
metal teeth for disturbing the top sediment layer, and a <5 mm mesh size. Each
dredge tow was ≥100 m, with 19 dredge samples collected in each season (Figure
3). Start and end coordinates and coordinates for any change in direction were
recorded using a Garmin GPS60. The final sample location is shown as the mean
centre of these coordinates as calculated in ArcGIS (Table 7). The entire cod end
contents were rinsed with seawater and examined on board the vessel, with potential
target species retained.
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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Table 6. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of trap samples. Fish and crab traps were deployed simultaneously at all trap sampling sites. Date refers to deployment date, traps were left overnight and collected the following day.
Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude Substrate
Spring
ADL1009OHQST_ OHQS 29 Sep 2010 -34.77692 138.51966 Hard
ADL1009OHMCT_ OHMC 29 Sep 2010 -34.77800 138.51541 Hard
ADL1009OH24T_ OH24 29 Sep 2010 -34.76877 138.51860 Hard
ADL1009OHSPT_ OHSP 29 Sep 2010 -34.76271 138.50885 Hard
ADL1009OHSPT_ OHSP 29 Sep 2010 -34.76271 138.50885 Soft
ADL1009OH19T_ OH19 29 Sep 2010 -34.76201 138.50516 Hard
ADL1009OH16T_ OH16 29 Sep 2010 -34.76031 138.50119 Hard
ADL1009OH15T_ OH15 29 Sep 2010 -34.76292 138.49798 Hard
ADL1009OH12T_ OH12 29 Sep 2010 -34.76282 138.49369 Hard
ADL1010UPPWT_ UPPW 12 Oct 2010 -34.84393 138.49815 Hard
ADL1010UPMWT_ UPMW 12 Oct 2010 -34.84322 138.49569 Hard
ADL1010UPMWT_ UPMW 12 Oct 2010 -34.84322 138.49569 Soft
ADL1010UPMBT_ UPMB 12 Oct 2010 -34.84169 138.50011 Hard
ADL1010UPBBT_ UPBB 12 Oct 2010 -34.84316 138.50168 Hard
ADL1010IH20T_ IH20 12 Oct 2010 -34.83133 138.50892 Hard
ADL1010IHD3T_ IHD3 12 Oct 2010 -34.82844 138.50944 Hard
ADL1010IHD3T_ IHD3 12 Oct 2010 -34.82844 138.50944 Soft
ADL1010IHMBT_ IHMB 12 Oct 2010 -34.82604 138.50690 Hard
ADL1010NHBRT_ NHBR 19 Oct 2010 -34.79489 138.48698 Hard
ADL1010NHYCT_ NHYC 19 Oct 2010 -34.79077 138.48821 Hard
ADL1010NHYCT_ NHYC 19 Oct 2010 -34.79077 138.48821 Soft
ADL1010NHFMT_ NHFM 19 Oct 2010 -34.78589 138.48712 Hard
ADL1010NHENT_ NHEN 19 Oct 2010 -34.79564 138.48234 Hard
ADL1010OHNRT_ OHNR 19 Oct 2010 -34.77998 138.47499 Hard
ADL1010OHB1T_ OHB1 19 Oct 2010 -34.77975 138.48066 Hard
ADL1010OHYST_ OHYS 20 Oct 2010 -34.77368 138.48889 Hard
ADL1010OHB6T_ OHB6 20 Oct 2010 -34.77082 138.48736 Hard
ADL1010OHB8T_ OHB8 20 Oct 2010 -34.76554 138.49523 Hard
ADL1010OH10T_ OH10 20 Oct 2010 -34.76493 138.48900 Hard
ADL1010OH10T_ OH10 20 Oct 2010 -34.76493 138.48900 Soft
ADL1010OHB4T_ OHB4 20 Oct 2010 -34.77266 138.48256 Hard
ADL1010OHSBT_ OHSB 20 Oct 2010 -34.77339 138.47980 Hard
ADL1010OHENT_ OHEN 20 Oct 2010 -34.78404 138.47168 Hard
Autumn
ADL1104IHMBT_ IHMB 28 Apr 2011 -34.82570 138.50700 Hard
ADL1104NHYCT_ NHYC 28 Apr 2011 -34.79137 138.48873 Hard
ADL1104OHB6T_ OHB6 28 Apr 2011 -34.76640 138.49300 Hard
ADL1104UPMWT_ UPMW 28 Apr 2011 -34.84450 138.49800 Hard
ADL1104OH22T_ OH22 28 Apr 2011 -34.76460 138.51601 Hard
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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Table 7. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of dredge samples.
Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude
Spring
ADL1009IHD3D_ IHD3 16 Sep 2010 -34.82966 138.50926
ADL1009IHMBD_ IHMB 16 Sep 2010 -34.82623 138.50796
ADL1009UPMBD_ UPMB 16 Sep 2010 -34.84232 138.49945
ADL1009UPPWD_ UPPW 16 Sep 2010 -34.84409 138.49748
ADL1011OH08D_ OH08 9 Nov 2010 -34.76924 138.48341
ADL1011OH10D_ OH10 9 Nov 2010 -34.76485 138.48993
ADL1011OH15D_ OH15 9 Nov 2010 -34.76323 138.49745
ADL1011OH16D_ OH16 9 Nov 2010 -34.76038 138.50012
ADL1011OH20D_ OH20 9 Nov 2010 -34.76052 138.50843
ADL1011OH22D_ OH22 9 Nov 2010 -34.76410 138.51546
ADL1011OHLCD_ OHLC 9 Nov 2010 -34.77264 138.51833
ADL1011OHMCD_ OHMC 9 Nov 2010 -34.77944 138.51544
ADL1011NHBRD_ NHBR 10 Nov 2010 -34.79509 138.48605
ADL1011NHFMD_ NHFM 10 Nov 2010 -34.78708 138.48664
ADL1011OHB1D_ OHB1 10 Nov 2010 -34.77954 138.48044
ADL1011OHB4D_ OHB4 10 Nov 2010 -34.77407 138.48389
ADL1011OHEND_ OHEN 10 Nov 2010 -34.78433 138.46996
ADL1011OHNRD_ OHNR 10 Nov 2010 -34.78024 138.47490
ADL1011OHYSD_ OHYS 10 Nov 2010 -34.77365 138.48784
Autumn
ADL1104NHEND_ NHEN 28 Apr 2011 -34.79514 138.48155
ADL1104NHYCD_ NHYC 28 Apr 2011 -34.79097 138.48791
ADL1104OHEND_ OHEN 28 Apr 2011 -34.78419 138.47045
ADL1104OH24D_ OH24 29 Apr 2011 -34.76940 138.52004
ADL1104OHMCD_ OHMC 29 Apr 2011 -34.78057 138.51483
ADL1104OHSPD_ OHSP 29 Apr 2011 -34.76457 138.51185
ADL1105IH20D_ IH20 3 May 2011 -34.83139 138.50866
ADL1105IH27D_ IH27 3 May 2011 -34.82643 138.50928
ADL1105OH19D_ OH19 3 May 2011 -34.76216 138.50464
ADL1105OHQSD_ OHQS 3 May 2011 -34.77696 138.51935
ADL1105UPBBD_ UPBB 3 May 2011 -34.84305 138.50091
ADL1105UPMWD_ UPMW 3 May 2011 -34.84327 138.49633
ADL1105OH12D_ OH12 9 May 2011 -34.76290 138.49388
ADL1105OHB1D_ OHB1 9 May 2011 -34.77921 138.48080
ADL1105OHB6D_ OHB6 9 May 2011 -34.77054 138.48725
ADL1105OHB8D_ OHB8 9 May 2011 -34.76627 138.49318
ADL1105OHSBD_ OHSB 9 May 2011 -34.77427 138.47996
ADL1105OHSRD_ OHSR 9 May 2011 -34.78446 138.47475
ADL1105OHYSD_ OHYS 9 May 2011 -34.77350 138.48821
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
14
2.3.3. Beam trawls
Beam trawls were performed in areas of soft substrate using a beam trawl with a
1.5 m width and 5 mm mesh size. Trawls were ≥500 m long and were conducted at
14 sites in Spring (Figure 4). No beam trawl samples were required in the Autumn
sampling. Start and end coordinates and coordinates for any change in direction
were recorded using a Garmin GPS60. The final sample location is shown as the
mean centre of these coordinates as calculated in ArcGIS (Table 8). The entire cod
end contents were rinsed with seawater and examined on board the vessel, with
potential target species retained.
Figure 3. Map of dredge sampling locations.
Figure 4. Map of beam trawl sampling locations.
2.3.4. Diver visual surveys
Diver visual surveys were conducted in areas of hard substrate including wharves,
pontoons and revetments, and were ≥50 m long. Twelve diver visual surveys were
conducted in each season (Figure 5). Start and end coordinates and coordinates for
any change in direction were recorded using a Garmin GPS60. The final sample
location is shown as the mean centre of these coordinates as calculated in ArcGIS
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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(Table 9). Any suspected target species were collected where encountered.
Specimens were stored at SARDI Aquatic sciences prior to identification.
Table 8. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of beam trawl samples. Note, no beam trawl sampling was conducted in Autumn
Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude
Spring
ADL1009IHD3TR IHD3 16 Sep 2010 -34.82991 138.50869
ADL1009UPMBTR UPMB 16 Sep 2010 -34.84331 138.49860
ADL1011OH22TR OH22 2 Nov 2010 -34.76507 138.51611
ADL1011OHLCTR OHLC 2 Nov 2010 -34.77143 138.51822
ADL1011OHMCTR OHMC 2 Nov 2010 -34.77922 138.51497
ADL1012OH16TR OH16 3 Dec 2010 -34.76065 138.49896
ADL1012OH20TR OH20 3 Dec 2010 -34.76040 138.50655
ADL1012NHBRTR NHBR 13 Dec 2010 -34.79349 138.48547
ADL1012OHB1TR OHB1 13 Dec 2010 -34.77903 138.48082
ADL1012OHNRTR OHNR 13 Dec 2010 -34.78174 138.47324
ADL1012OH08TR OH08 14 Dec 2010 -34.76801 138.48479
ADL1012OH10TR OH10 14 Dec 2010 -34.76389 138.49071
ADL1012OH15TR OH15 14 Dec 2010 -34.76308 138.49964
ADL1012OH16TR OH16 14 Dec 2010 -34.76065 138.49896
ADL1012OHB4TR OHB4 14 Dec 2010 -34.77147 138.48566
Table 9. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of diver visual surveys.
Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude
Spring
ADL1011IHD3DV IHD3 24 Nov 2010 -34.82849 138.50952
ADL1011OHQSDV OHQS 24 Nov 2010 -34.77703 138.51960
ADL1011UPMBDV UPMB 24 Nov 2010 -34.84179 138.49928
ADL1011UPPWDV UPPW 24 Nov 2010 -34.84437 138.49813
ADL1011NHFMDV NHFM 25 Nov 2010 -34.78751 138.48672
ADL1011OHB1DV OHB1 25 Nov 2010 -34.77935 138.48091
ADL1011OHB6DV OHB6 25 Nov 2010 -34.77049 138.48781
ADL1011OHSRDV OHSR 25 Nov 2010 -34.78479 138.47502
ADL1011OHYSDV OHYS 25 Nov 2010 -34.77385 138.48878
ADL1012NHBRDV NHBR 9 Dec 2010 -34.79459 138.48613
ADL1012OHB8DV OHB8 9 Dec 2010 -34.76560 138.49488
ADL1012OHSPDV OHSP 9 Dec 2010 -34.76545 138.51387
Autumn
ADL1105NHENDV NHEN 16 May 2011 -34.79562 138.48199
ADL1105NHYCDV NHYC 16 May 2011 -34.79164 138.48882
ADL1105OHB1DV OHB1 16 May 2011 -34.77940 138.48096
ADL1105OHB4DV OHB4 16 May 2011 -34.77392 138.48465
ADL1105OHB6DV OHB6 16 May 2011 -34.77089 138.48732
ADL1105OHB8DV OHB8 16 May 2011 -34.76532 138.49568
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude
ADL1105OHNRDV OHNR 16 May 2011 -34.77997 138.47457
ADL1105IHMBDV IHMB 17 May 2011 -34.82593 138.50700
ADL1105OHQSDV OHQS 17 May 2011 -34.77700 138.51962
ADL1105OHSPDV OHSP 17 May 2011 -34.76286 138.50907
ADL1105UPBBDV UPBB 17 May 2011 -34.84325 138.50166
ADL1105UPMWDV UPMW 17 May 2011 -34.84294 138.49570
2.3.5. Cores
Sediment cores for dinoflagellate cysts were collected using a 30 mm internal
diameter PVC core. Cores were collected on soft substrate adjacent to a subset of
diver visual survey sites, with 10 cores collected in each season (Figure 6, Table 10).
At each site a sediment sample was collected by divers; the core was pushed into
the sediment to a depth of ~10 cm, capped at both ends and then placed on ice.
Cores were refrigerated until live analysis by SASQAP.
Figure 5. Map of diver visual survey locations.
Figure 6. Map of core sampling locations.
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
17
Table 10. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of core samples.
Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude
Spring
ADL1011IHD3C_ IHD3 24 Nov 2010 -34.82846 138.50938
ADL1011OHQSC_ OHQS 24 Nov 2010 -34.77694 138.51965
ADL1011UPMBC_ UPMB 24 Nov 2010 -34.84183 138.49902
ADL1011OHB1C_ OHB1 25 Nov 2010 -34.77922 138.48096
ADL1011OHB6C_ OHB6 25 Nov 2010 -34.77063 138.48760
ADL1011OHSRC_ OHSR 25 Nov 2010 -34.78465 138.47525
ADL1011OHYSC_ OHYS 25 Nov 2010 -34.77366 138.48891
ADL1012NHBRC_ NHBR 9 Dec 2010 -34.79465 138.48618
ADL1012OHB8C_ OHB8 9 Dec 2010 -34.76543 138.49511
ADL1012OHSPC_ OHSP 9 Dec 2010 -34.76563 138.51345
Autumn
ADL1105NHYCC_ NHYC 16 May 2011 -34.79143 138.48871
ADL1105OHB1C_ OHB1 16 May 2011 -34.77916 138.48107
ADL1105OHB4C_ OHB4 16 May 2011 -34.77410 138.48447
ADL1105OHB6C_ OHB6 16 May 2011 -34.77107 138.48712
ADL1105OHB8C_ OHB8 16 May 2011 -34.76545 138.49543
ADL1105OHNRC_ OHNR 16 May 2011 -34.78019 138.47450
ADL1105IHMBC_ IHMB 17 May 2011 -34.82608 138.50694
ADL1105OHQSC_ OHQS 17 May 2011 -34.77715 138.51957
ADL1105OHSPC_ OHSP 17 May 2011 -34.76272 138.50884
ADL1105UPMWC_ UPMW 17 May 2011 -34.84268 138.49563
2.3.6. Phytoplankton tows
Horizontal phytoplankton tows were taken at 28 sites in Spring and 26 sites in
Autumn (Figure 7) using a 300 mm diameter, 1.25 m length, 20 µm mesh
phytoplankton net. Tows were ≥200 m long. Start and end coordinates and
coordinates for any change in direction were recorded using a Garmin GPS60. The
final sample location is shown as the mean centre of these coordinates as calculated
in ArcGIS (Table 11). The sample was washed down into the cod end and
concentrated in ~200ml of seawater. Samples were placed on ice and sent live to
SASQAP for identification.
2.3.7. Zooplankton tows
Horizontal zooplankton tows were taken at 29 sites in each season (Figure 8) using a
300 mm diameter, 1.6 m length, 150 µm mesh zooplankton net, and were ≥300 m
long. Start and end coordinates and coordinates for any change in direction were
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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recorded using a Garmin GPS60. The final sample location is shown as the mean
centre of these coordinates as calculated in ArcGIS (Table 12). The sample was
washed down into the cod end, concentrated in ~40ml of seawater and fixed using
RNA later. Samples were placed on ice for transport to SARDI Aquatic Sciences.
Figure 7. Map of phytoplankton sampling locations.
Figure 8. Map of zooplankton sampling locations.
Table 11. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of phytoplankton samples.
Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude
Spring
ADL1011IH20PT IH20 16 Nov 2010 -34.83161 138.50857
ADL1011IH27PT IH27 16 Nov 2010 -34.82709 138.50920
ADL1011IHKBPT IHKB 16 Nov 2010 -34.82919 138.50704
ADL1011IHMBPT IHMB 16 Nov 2010 -34.82559 138.50773
ADL1011UPMBPT UPMB 16 Nov 2010 -34.84216 138.49992
ADL1011UPPWPT UPPW 16 Nov 2010 -34.84496 138.49725
ADL1011OH12PT OH12 18 Nov 2010 -34.76287 138.49405
ADL1011OH16PT OH16 18 Nov 2010 -34.76032 138.49999
ADL1011OH19PT OH19 18 Nov 2010 -34.76189 138.50504
ADL1011OH20PT OH20 18 Nov 2010 -34.76071 138.50862
ADL1011OH22PT OH22 18 Nov 2010 -34.76456 138.51597
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude
ADL1011OH24PT OH24 18 Nov 2010 -34.76883 138.51965
ADL1011OHLCPT OHLC 18 Nov 2010 -34.77345 138.51826
ADL1011OHMCPT OHMC 18 Nov 2010 -34.78019 138.51513
ADL1011OHQSPT OHQS 18 Nov 2010 -34.77694 138.51946
ADL1011OHSPPT OHSP 18 Nov 2010 -34.76333 138.51146
ADL1012NHBRPT NHBR 9 Dec 2010 -34.79439 138.48659
ADL1012NHFMPT NHFM 9 Dec 2010 -34.78702 138.48665
ADL1012OH10PT OH10 9 Dec 2010 -34.76491 138.48907
ADL1012OHB1PT OHB1 9 Dec 2010 -34.77949 138.48067
ADL1012OHB4PT OHB4 9 Dec 2010 -34.77343 138.48397
ADL1012OHB6PT OHB6 9 Dec 2010 -34.77082 138.48685
ADL1012OHB8PT OHB8 9 Dec 2010 -34.76650 138.49301
ADL1012OHENPT OHEN 9 Dec 2010 -34.78437 138.47013
ADL1012OHNRPT OHNR 9 Dec 2010 -34.78005 138.47474
ADL1012OHSBPT OHSB 9 Dec 2010 -34.77356 138.48006
ADL1012OHSRPT OHSR 9 Dec 2010 -34.78469 138.47534
ADL1012OHYSPT OHYS 9 Dec 2010 -34.77361 138.48863
Autumn
ADL1105NHYCPT NHYC 16 May 2011 -34.79143 138.48871
ADL1105OH08PT OH08 16 May 2011 -34.76914 138.48418
ADL1105OH10PT OH10 16 May 2011 -34.76534 138.48877
ADL1105OHB1PT OHB1 16 May 2011 -34.77916 138.48107
ADL1105OHB4PT OHB4 16 May 2011 -34.77374 138.48482
ADL1105OHB6PT OHB6 16 May 2011 -34.77070 138.48752
ADL1105OHB8PT OHB8 16 May 2011 -34.76494 138.49576
ADL1105OHENPT OHEN 16 May 2011 -34.78420 138.47000
ADL1105OHNRPT OHNR 16 May 2011 -34.78000 138.47471
ADL1105OHSBPT OHSB 16 May 2011 -34.77352 138.48022
ADL1105OHSRPT OHSR 16 May 2011 -34.78448 138.47514
ADL1105OHYSPT OHYS 16 May 2011 -34.77355 138.48864
ADL1105IH20PT IH20 17 May 2011 -34.83129 138.50877
ADL1105IHD3PT IHD3 17 May 2011 -34.82902 138.50909
ADL1105IHMBPT IHMB 17 May 2011 -34.82554 138.50732
ADL1105OH12PT OH12 17 May 2011 -34.76270 138.49394
ADL1105OH15PT OH15 17 May 2011 -34.76331 138.49793
ADL1105OH16PT OH16 17 May 2011 -34.76030 138.49992
ADL1105OH19PT OH19 17 May 2011 -34.76171 138.50533
ADL1105OH24PT OH24 17 May 2011 -34.76832 138.51963
ADL1105OHMCPT OHMC 17 May 2011 -34.78017 138.51507
ADL1105OHQSPT OHQS 17 May 2011 -34.77710 138.51909
ADL1105OHSPPT OHSP 17 May 2011 -34.76405 138.51114
ADL1105UPMWPT UPMW 17 May 2011 -34.84294 138.49616
ADL1105OH22PT OH22 19 May 2011 -34.76457 138.51585
ADL1105OHLCPT OHLC 19 May 2011 -34.77338 138.51806
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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Table 12. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of zooplankton samples.
Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude
Spring
ADL1011NHBRZT NHBR 11 Nov 2010 -34.79509 138.48654
ADL1011NHFMZT NHFM 11 Nov 2010 -34.78877 138.48661
ADL1011OH10ZT OH10 11 Nov 2010 -34.76503 138.48956
ADL1011OH12ZT OH12 11 Nov 2010 -34.76275 138.49560
ADL1011OH16ZT OH16 11 Nov 2010 -34.76000 138.50120
ADL1011OHB1ZT OHB1 11 Nov 2010 -34.77914 138.48084
ADL1011OHB4ZT OHB4 11 Nov 2010 -34.77431 138.48343
ADL1011OHB6ZT OHB6 11 Nov 2010 -34.77071 138.48685
ADL1011OHB8ZT OHB8 11 Nov 2010 -34.76599 138.49231
ADL1011OHENZT OHEN 11 Nov 2010 -34.78463 138.47040
ADL1011OHNRZT OHNR 11 Nov 2010 -34.78033 138.47553
ADL1011OHSBZT OHSB 11 Nov 2010 -34.77380 138.48130
ADL1011OHSRZT OHSR 11 Nov 2010 -34.78385 138.47525
ADL1011OHYSZT OHYS 11 Nov 2010 -34.77445 138.48804
ADL1011IH20ZT IH20 16 Nov 2010 -34.83127 138.50855
ADL1011IH27ZT IH27 16 Nov 2010 -34.82550 138.50976
ADL1011IHD3ZT IHD3 16 Nov 2010 -34.82946 138.50945
ADL1011IHKBZT IHKB 16 Nov 2010 -34.82913 138.50745
ADL1011IHMBZT IHMB 16 Nov 2010 -34.82476 138.50843
ADL1011UPMBZT UPMB 16 Nov 2010 -34.84236 138.50029
ADL1011UPPWZT UPPW 16 Nov 2010 -34.84438 138.49769
ADL1011OH19ZT OH19 18 Nov 2010 -34.76189 138.50510
ADL1011OH20ZT OH20 18 Nov 2010 -34.76055 138.50853
ADL1011OH22ZT OH22 18 Nov 2010 -34.76445 138.51617
ADL1011OH24ZT OH24 18 Nov 2010 -34.76864 138.51956
ADL1011OHLCZT OHLC 18 Nov 2010 -34.77344 138.51850
ADL1011OHMCZT OHMC 18 Nov 2010 -34.78030 138.51506
ADL1011OHQSZT OHQS 18 Nov 2010 -34.77702 138.51888
ADL1011OHSPZT OHSP 18 Nov 2010 -34.76364 138.51165
Autumn
ADL1105IH20ZT IH20 10 May 2011 -34.83174 138.50825
ADL1105IH27ZT IH27 10 May 2011 -34.82552 138.51038
ADL1105IHD3ZT IHD3 10 May 2011 -34.83000 138.51029
ADL1105IHKBZT IHKB 10 May 2011 -34.82971 138.50686
ADL1105IHMBZT IHMB 10 May 2011 -34.82461 138.50825
ADL1105OH19ZT OH19 10 May 2011 -34.76194 138.50503
ADL1105OH22ZT OH22 10 May 2011 -34.76476 138.51588
ADL1105OH24ZT OH24 10 May 2011 -34.76852 138.51927
ADL1105OHLCZT OHLC 10 May 2011 -34.77322 138.51888
ADL1105OHMCZT OHMC 10 May 2011 -34.78022 138.51461
ADL1105OHQSZT OHQS 10 May 2011 -34.77711 138.51904
ADL1105OHSPZT OHSP 10 May 2011 -34.76409 138.51131
ADL1105UPBBZT UPBB 10 May 2011 -34.84293 138.50029
ADL1105UPMWZT UPMW 10 May 2011 -34.84467 138.49660
ADL1105NHENZT NHEN 19 May 2011 -34.79477 138.48163
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude
ADL1105NHYCZT NHYC 19 May 2011 -34.79206 138.48879
ADL1105OH08ZT OH08 19 May 2011 -34.76891 138.48370
ADL1105OH10ZT OH10 19 May 2011 -34.76504 138.48940
ADL1105OH12ZT OH12 19 May 2011 -34.76265 138.49376
ADL1105OH15ZT OH15 19 May 2011 -34.76336 138.49809
ADL1105OH16ZT OH16 19 May 2011 -34.76055 138.49960
ADL1105OHB1ZT OHB1 19 May 2011 -34.77918 138.48078
ADL1105OHB4ZT OHB4 19 May 2011 -34.77339 138.48458
ADL1105OHB6ZT OHB6 19 May 2011 -34.77005 138.48798
ADL1105OHB8ZT OHB8 19 May 2011 -34.76631 138.49311
ADL1105OHNRZT OHNR 19 May 2011 -34.78019 138.47502
ADL1105OHSBZT OHSB 19 May 2011 -34.77355 138.47998
ADL1105OHSRZT OHSR 19 May 2011 -34.78457 138.47497
ADL1105OHYSZT OHYS 19 May 2011 -34.77422 138.48823
2.4. Laboratory processing and identification
2.4.1. Invertebrate specimens
After collection by traps, dredges, beam trawls and diver visual surveys, invertebrate
specimens were fixed in 8% Bennetts solution in seawater and stored at SARDI
Aquatic Sciences. In the laboratory, samples were rinsed thoroughly in running
water, examined under a dissecting microscope and sorted into taxonomic groups.
Specimens that were excluded as target species or abundant unknowns (i.e.
potential new pests) were not identified further. Specimens of target species were
identified, stored in 70% ethanol, and retained at SARDI Aquatic Sciences for
lodgement in the South Australian Museum (SAM).
2.4.2. Macroalgal specimens
Macroalgal specimens collected by diver visual surveys, dredges and beam trawls
were frozen on advice from the State Herbarium of SA (SHSA). Specimens that were
excluded as target species or abundant unknowns (i.e. potential new pest species)
were not identified further. Specimens of target species and of Rhodophyta that could
not be ruled out as target species were sent to the SHSA for identification.
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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2.4.3. Phytoplankton and sediment samples
Phytoplankton and sediment samples were processed, and cells and cysts identified,
by Clinton Wilkinson of the South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program
(SASQAP).
2.4.4. Zooplankton samples
Zooplankton samples were filtered onto 2.5 µm filter paper using a vacuum filtration
manifold at SARDI Aquatic Sciences, placed into RNA later and stored frozen. DNA
extraction and PCR assays were performed by SARDI Molecular Diagnostics. Spring
samples were tested for the target species Asterias amurensis, Varicorbula gibba,
Musculista senhousia and Sabella spallanzanii; and non-target species Ciona
intestinalis and Perna canaliculus. Autumn samples were tested for the species listed
above and also the target species Carcinus maenas, Crassostrea gigas and Undaria
pinnatifida.
3. RESULTS
3.1. Target species detected and actions taken
Monitoring detected 6 target species all of which were previously known to occur in
the area (Table 13).
Table 13. Details of target species detections.
Specimen ID Site Date Method Latitude Longitude
Alexandrium catenella ADL1011IH20PT IH20 16-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.83161 138.50857
ADL1011IH27PT IH27 16-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.82709 138.50920
ADL1011IHKBPT IHKB 16-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.82919 138.50704
ADL1011IHMBPT IHMB 16-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.82559 138.50773
ADL1011UPMBPT UPMB 16-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.84216 138.49992
ADL1011OHMCPT OHMC 18-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.78019 138.51513
Alexandrium minutum ADL1105OHB6PT OHB6 16-5-2011 Phytoplankton -34.77070 138.48752
Caulerpa taxifolia ADL1009UPMBD_01 UPMB 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.84232 138.49945
ADL1105OHQSD_01 OHQS 3-5-2011 Dredge -34.77696 138.51935
ADL1105OHB6D_01 OHB6 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.77054 138.48725
ADL1105OHB8D_01 OHB8 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.76627 138.49318
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
23
Specimen ID Site Date Method Latitude Longitude
Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea ADL1009IHD3D_01 IHD3 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.82966 138.50926
ADL1009IHD3TR01 IHD3 16-9-2010 Trawl -34.82991 138.50869
ADL1009IHMBD_01 IHMB 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.82623 138.50796
ADL1009UPMBD_02 UPMB 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.84232 138.49945
ADL1011OHB1DV01 OHB1 25-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.77935 138.48091
ADL1011OHB6DV01 OHB6 25-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.77049 138.48781
ADL1011OHSRDV01 OHSR 25-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.78479 138.47502
ADL1012OH16TR01 OH16 3-12-2010 Trawl -34.76065 138.49896
ADL1012OHSPDV01 OHSP 9-12-2010 Dive Visual -34.76545 138.51387
ADL1012OHB1TR01 OHB1 13-12-2010 Trawl -34.77903 138.48082
ADL1012OHB4TR01 OHB4 14-12-2010 Trawl -34.77147 138.48566
ADL1012OH10TR01 OH10 14-12-2010 Trawl -34.76389 138.49071
ADL1104OHEND_01 OHEN 28-4-2011 Dredge -34.78419 138.47045
ADL1104OHSPD_01 OHSP 29-4-2011 Dredge -34.76457 138.51185
ADL1104OH24D_01 OH24 29-4-2011 Dredge -34.76940 138.52004
ADL1105OHQSD_02 OHQS 3-5-2011 Dredge -34.77696 138.51935
ADL1105OH19D_01 OH19 3-5-2011 Dredge -34.76216 138.50464
ADL1105OHB1D_01 OHB1 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.77921 138.48080
ADL1105OHB6D_02 OHB6 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.77054 138.48725
ADL1105OHB8D_02 OHB8 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.76627 138.49318
ADL1105OHSBD_01 OHSB 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.77427 138.47996
ADL1105OHSRD_01 OHSR 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.78446 138.47475
ADL1105NHENDV01 NHEN 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.79562 138.48199
ADL1105OHB1DV01 OHB1 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.77940 138.48096
ADL1105OHB4DV01 OHB4 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.77392 138.48465
ADL1105OHB6DV01 OHB6 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.77089 138.48732
ADL1105OHB8DV01 OHB8 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.76532 138.49568
ADL1105OHSPDV01 OHSP 17-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.76286 138.50907
Codium fragile ssp. fragile ADL1012NHBRDV01 NHBR 9-12-2010 Dive Visual -34.79459 138.48613
Sabella spallanzanii
ADL1009IHD3D_02 IHD3 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.82966 138.50926
ADL1009IHMBD_02 IHMB 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.82623 138.50796
ADL1011OHB1D_01 OHB1 10-11-2010 Dredge -34.77954 138.48044
ADL1011NHFMZT NHFM 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.78877 138.48661
ADL1011OHENZT OHEN 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.78463 138.47040
ADL1011OHSBZT OHSB 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.77380 138.48130
ADL1011OHB1ZT OHB1 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.77914 138.48084
ADL1011OHB4ZT OHB4 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.77431 138.48343
ADL1011OH10ZT OH10 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.76503 138.48956
ADL1011OH12ZT OH12 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.76275 138.49560
ADL1011OHYSZT OHYS 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.77445 138.48804
ADL1011IH20ZT IH20 16-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.83127 138.50855
ADL1011OH20ZT OH20 18-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.76055 138.50853
ADL1011UPPWDV01 UPPW 24-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.84437 138.49813
ADL1011UPMBDV01 UPMB 24-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.84179 138.49928
ADL1011IHD3DV01 IHD3 24-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.82849 138.50952
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
24
Specimen ID Site Date Method Latitude Longitude
Sabella spallanzanii continued
ADL1011OHQSDV01 OHQS 24-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.77703 138.51960
ADL1011NHFMDV01 NHFM 25-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.78751 138.48672
ADL1011OHB1DV02 OHB1 25-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.77935 138.48091
ADL1011OHB6DV02 OHB6 25-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.77049 138.48781
ADL1011OHYSDV01 OHYS 25-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.77385 138.48878
ADL1012NHBRDV02 NHBR 9-12-2010 Dive Visual -34.79459 138.48613
ADL1012OHB8DV01 OHB8 9-12-2010 Dive Visual -34.76560 138.49488
ADL1012OHSPDV02 OHSP 9-12-2010 Dive Visual -34.76545 138.51387
ADL1012OHNRTR01 OHNR 13-12-2010 Trawl -34.78174 138.47324
ADL1012OH16TR02 OH16 14-12-2010 Trawl -34.76065 138.49896
ADL1104OHEND_02 OHEN 28-4-2011 Dredge -34.78419 138.47045
ADL1105IH27D_01 IH27 3-5-2011 Dredge -34.82643 138.50928
ADL1105OH12D_01 OH12 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.76290 138.49388
ADL1105OHSRD_02 OHSR 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.78446 138.47475
ADL1105OHYSD_01 OHYS 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.77350 138.48821
ADL1105IH20ZT IH20 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.83174 138.50825
ADL1105IH27ZT IH27 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.82552 138.51038
ADL1105IHD3ZT IHD3 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.83000 138.51029
ADL1105IHKBZT IHKB 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.82971 138.50686
ADL1105IHMBZT IHMB 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.82461 138.50825
ADL1105OH19ZT OH19 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.76193 138.50503
ADL1105OH22ZT OH22 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.76476 138.51588
ADL1105OH24ZT OH24 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.76852 138.51927
ADL1105OHLCZT OHLC 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.77322 138.51888
ADL1105OHMCZT OHMC 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.78022 138.51461
ADL1105OHQSZT OHQS 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.77711 138.51904
ADL1105UPBBZT UPBB 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.84293 138.50029
ADL1105NHENDV02 NHEN 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.79562 138.48199
ADL1105NHYCDV01 NHYC 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.79164 138.48882
ADL1105OHB1DV02 OHB1 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.77940 138.48096
ADL1105OHB4DV02 OHB4 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.77392 138.48465
ADL1105OHB6DV02 OHB6 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.77089 138.48732
ADL1105OHB8DV02 OHB8 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.76532 138.49568
ADL1105OHNRDV01 OHNR 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.77997 138.47457
ADL1105IHMBDV01 IHMB 17-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.82593 138.50700
ADL1105OHQSDV01 OHQS 17-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.77700 138.51962
ADL1105OHSPDV02 OHSP 17-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.76286 138.50907
ADL1105UPBBDV01 UPBB 17-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.84325 138.50166
ADL1105UPMWDV01 UPMW 17-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.84294 138.49570
ADL1105NHENZT NHEN 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.79477 138.48163
ADL1105NHYCZT NHYC 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.79206 138.48879
ADL1105OH08ZT OH08 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.76891 138.48370
ADL1105OH10ZT OH10 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.76504 138.48940
ADL1105OH15ZT OH15 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.76336 138.49809
ADL1105OHB1ZT OHB1 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.77918 138.48078
ADL1105OHB4ZT OHB4 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.77339 138.48458
ADL1105OHB6ZT OHB6 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.77005 138.48798
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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Specimen ID Site Date Method Latitude Longitude
Sabella spallanzanii continued
ADL1105OHB8ZT OHB8 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.76631 138.49311
ADL1105OHNRZT OHNR 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.78019 138.47502
ADL1105OHSBZT OHSB 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.77355 138.47998
ADL1105OHSRZT OHSR 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.78457 138.47497
ADL1105OHYSZT OHYS 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.77422 138.48823
3.1.1. Alexandrium catenella
Thecal plates of Alexandrium catenella, were found in 6 phytoplankton samples
collected during Spring (Figure 9, Table 13). This species was first recorded in Port
Adelaide in 1997 (Wiltshire et al. 2010), therefore, no further action was taken.
3.1.2. Alexandrium minutum
A single cell of Alexandrium minutum was found in the Autumn phytoplankton sample
from OHB6 (Figure 10, Table 13). This species was first recorded in Port Adelaide in
1986 (Wiltshire et al. 2010), therefore, no further action was taken.
Figure 9. Map showing Alexandrium minutum detection.
Figure 10. Map showing Alexandrium catenella detections.
26
3.1.3. Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea
Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea was found at a total of 17 sites by diver visual
surveys, dredges and/or beam trawls (Figure 11, Table 13). This species was first
recorded in Port Adelaide in 2002 and is now established in the Port River and Outer
Harbor (Wiltshire et al. 2010), therefore, no further action was taken.
3.1.4. Caulerpa taxifolia
Caulerpa taxifolia was found at 4 sites in dredge samples (Figure 12, Table 13). This
species was first recorded in the Upper Port in 2002 and has formed dense beds in
parts of the Port River (Wiltshire 2010; Wiltshire et al. 2010) and is subject to a
management plan, therefore no further action was taken.
Figure 11. Map showing Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea detections.
Figure 12. Map showing Caulerpa taxifolia detections.
3.1.5. Codium fragile ssp. fragile
Codium fragile ssp. fragile (formerly Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides) was found
by the Spring diver visual survey at NHBR (Figure 13, Table 13). A second
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
27
specimen, collected by the Autumn diver visual survey at NHEN and originally
suspected to be a Codium sp. (see Appendix III), was identified as a native alga with
appearance resembling Codium spp, Caulerpa vesiculifera. Codium fragile ssp.
fragile was first recorded in Port Adelaide in 2002 and was also found in North Haven
in 2007-8 (Rowling 2009; Wiltshire et al. 2010), therefore no further action was taken.
3.1.6. Sabella spallanzanii
Sabella spallanzanii was detected at all 35 sites surveyed by a range of techniques
(Figure 14, Table 13). This species is established throughout Port Adelaide, having
first been recorded in 1986 (Wiltshire et al. 2010), therefore no further action was
taken.
Figure 13. Map showing Codium fragile ssp. fragile detections.
Figure 14. Map showing Sabella spallanzanii detections.
3.1.7. Abundant unknown species
No abundant unknown species that may represent potential new pest incursions
were found. Large populations of the introduced solitary ascidians Ciona intestinalis
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
28
and Styela plicata are present in the area, particularly in the Upper Port, Royal SA
Yacht Squadron marina at Outer Harbor, and North Haven. Ciona intestinalis was
first recorded in the area in 1952 and Styela plicata in 1998; Styela is likely to have
occurred earlier in Port Adelaide because it was established along the SA coast prior
to 1952 (Kott 1952; Wiltshire et al. 2010).
3.2. PCR results
PCR assays performed on zooplankton samples detected the target species Sabella
spallanzanii (see section 3.3.6) and the non-target species Ciona intestinalis. No
other pests were detected. The relative quantity of Sabella spallanzanii DNA
detected was greater in Autumn than in Spring samples.
4. CONCLUSIONS
The 2010-11 survey of the Port of Adelaide detected 6 target pest species, which
were all recorded previously in the area. Although the survey did not seek to quantify
abundance, it is clear that Sabella spallanzanii is the most widespread and abundant
target pest in Port Adelaide. Sabella spallanzanii was detected by PCR assays of
zooplankton samples, with a higher rate of detection and relatively greater amounts
of DNA in Autumn than in Spring. This supports observations that Sabella
spallanzanii spawns in Autumn-Winter (Currie et al. 2000). Detections in plankton
samples should be interpreted with regard to the fact that Sabella spallanzanii has a
larval period lasting up to two weeks (Currie et al. 2000); larvae may therefore be
widely dispersed from adult populations, with concentrations determined largely by
local water movement patterns. This technique is shown to be useful in giving further
evidence for the presence of Sabella spallanzanii in the area, but the detection of
larvae at a specific site does not necessarily indicate an adult population is present in
the immediate vicinity. Conversely, larvae may not always be present in samples
taken near adults.
Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea was also common in the Port of Adelaide. Some
specimens of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea and all of Caulerpa taxifolia were
collected in dredge or beam trawl samples and may therefore have been drift algae.
SARDI surveys of Caulerpa taxifolia distribution show that the established population
in the Port River is located south of the Quarantine Station jetty (Wiltshire 2010), and
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
29
that records of this species around Outer Harbor have been drift algae (Wiltshire et
al. 2010); Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea was however observed attached to
structures in Outer Harbor.
Codium fragile ssp. fragile was detected only at the North Haven boat ramp (site
NHBR), where it was detected in 2007-8 (Rowling 2009). It is also recorded from
West Lakes where it was common in 2002 (Wiltshire et al. 2010), and has been
observed during surveys for Caulerpa taxifolia at Outer Harbor and Bolivar (SARDI
unpublished data 2010; specimens identified by SHSA), but not in high densities.
Only a single cell of Alexandrium minutum and thecal plates of Alexandrium catenella
were detected; both species bloom in the region, particularly in Winter, and regularly
bloom in West Lakes (Wiltshire et al. 2010; Wilkinson 2011a, b) , which may be the
source of the cell and thecal plates sampled. No dinoflagellate cysts were found in
this survey. The 2007-8 survey detected low numbers of Gymnodinium catenatum
cysts at several sites (Rowling 2009), two of which were resurveyed in the current
monitoring, although it is unlikely that cores were taken at exactly the same locations.
Sediments collected during the survey were predominantly sandy, although with a
thin surface layer of black anoxic mud; this was also the case in the previous survey.
Sand is not ideal for cyst retention, which may explain the lack of cysts found in these
samples (Wilkinson 2007, 2011a, b), although dinoflagellate cysts have been
collected from parts of the Port River previously (Leterme et al. 2007; Wiltshire et al.
2010). The presence of surface mud through the Port River area makes visual
identification of silty sediments, which are better for cyst retention, difficult.
A range of fish and crab species were caught by traps; all were identified as common
native species (in the case of crabs) or as non target families (fish). The most
common crab species caught was the blue swimmer Portunus armatus (formerly
Portunus pelagicus), while fish were predominantly Gobidae.
Two previously recorded target pests, Carcinus maenas and Musculista senhousia
were not detected by this survey. These species were also not found by the 2007-8
survey (Rowling 2009) and have not been recently recorded in the area. Musculista
senhousia was found at high abundances in 2001 (Cohen et al. 2002), but has not
been subsequently recorded, despite searches targeting areas where it occurred.
Carcinus maenas was moderately common in the Adelaide metropolitan area in the
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
30
mid- to late- 1990s, but subsequently declined in abundance with none found in the
Port Adelaide area since 2004 except a single individual sighted in West Lakes in
2009 (Wiltshire et al. 2010). If present, it is likely that these pests now occur at very
low population densities.
REFERENCES
Cohen BF, Heislers S, Parry GD, Asplin MD, Werner GF, Restall JE (2002) Exotic Marine Pests in the Outer Harbour of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia. Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, 40, Queenscliff.
Commonwealth of Australia (2009) Marine Pests - How the National System works Accessed: 4 May 2009. URL: http://www.marinepests.gov.au/national_system/how-it-works
Currie DR, McArthur MA, Cohen BF (2000) Reproduction and distribution of the invasive European fanworm Sabella spallanzanii (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Marine Biology 136, 645-656.
Deveney MR, Scott KJ (2008) Simulated aquatic animal disease outbreaks: a tool for improving responses to emergencies. OIE Scientific and Technical Review 27, 147-159.
Hayes KR, Sliwa C (2003) Identifying potential marine pests - a deductive approach applied to Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46, 91-98.
Kott P (1952) The ascidians of Australia. I. Stolidobranchiata Lahille and Phlebobranchiata Lahille. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 3, 206-333.
Leterme SC, Mitchell JG, Seuront L (2007) Study of dinoflagellate cysts survival and germination in ballast water. School of Biology, Flinders University, Adelaide.
Molnar JL, Gamboa RL, Revenga C, Spalding MD (2008) Assessing the Global Threat of Invasive Species to Marine Biodiversity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6, 485-492.
National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions (2010a) Australian marine pest monitoring guidelines version 2.0. (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry: Canberra)
National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions (2010b) Australian marine pest monitoring manual version 2.0. (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry: Canberra)
O'Loughlin E, McCloud C, Sierp M, Westphalen G (2006) Temperature and salinity tolerances of priority marine pests. Developed for PIRSA Marine Biosecurity. South Australian Research and Development Institute, SARDI Aquatic Sciences publication number RD06/0751, Adelaide.
Wiltshire and Deveney (2011) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11
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Rowling K (2009) Monitoring exotic pests in the Port of Adelaide, South Australia. South Australian Research and Development Institute, Publication No. F2009/000207-1. Research Report Series No. 349, Adelaide.
Wilkinson C (2007) Dinoflagellate cyst survey for the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI). South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program, Port Lincoln.
Wilkinson C (2011a) Dinoflagellate cyst and phytoplankton survey for the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) January 2011. South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program, Port Lincoln.
Wilkinson C (2011b) Dinoflagellate cyst and phytoplankton survey for the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) July 2011. South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program, Port Lincoln.
Wiltshire KH (2010) Caulerpa taxifolia - 2010 survey of current distribution and high risk areas, and summary of distribution patterns 2003-2010. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), SARDI Publication No. F2010/000612-1. SARDI Research Report Seres No. 474, Adelaide.
Wiltshire KH, Rowling KP, Deveney MR (2010) Introduced marine species in South Australia: a review of records and distribution mapping. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), SARDI Publication No. F2010/000305-1. SARDI Research Report Seres No. 468, Adelaide.
1
Monitoring Design Report
Port of Adelaide 2010
Keith Rowling SARDI Aquatic Sciences
04-02-2010
Table of Contents
ii
Table of Contents Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... ii List of Figures, Tables and Maps ............................................................................... ii
Primary Survey Design Contact Person ..................................................................... 1
1.1 Determining Objectives ............................................................................... 1 1.2 Stakeholder Engagement & Governance ................................................... 2 2.1 Collating Existing Data ................................................................................ 3
2.1.1 Local Knowledge & Skills Audit ................................................................... 3
2.1.2 Previous Marine Pest Monitoring Data .......................................................... 3
2.1.3 Oceanographic Data ....................................................................................... 4
2.1.4 Habitat Delineation ........................................................................................ 7
2.1.5 Monitoring Area Map(s) ................................................................................ 7
2.1.6 Local Constraining Factors on Monitoring Success .................................... 10
2.2 Choosing Target Species ............................................................................ 12 2.3 Determining Number of Samples ............................................................. 15
2.3.1 Modification of Sample Sizes ........................................................................... 1
2.3.1 Selecting Sites to Monitor within a Location ................................................ 2
2.3 Other ............................................................................................................. 5 2.4 References ..................................................................................................... 5
List of Figures, Tables and Maps Figure 1 Sea temperature (oC) for a) Outer Harbor b) Inner Harbour c) Upper Port,
over the period 1999 – 2005 (source: SA EPA) ................................................ 5 Figure 2 Salinity (PSU) for a) Outer Harbor b) Inner Harbour c) upper Port, over the
period 1999 – 2005 (source: SA EPA) .............................................................. 6
Table 1 Monitoring design contact details ..................................................................... 2 Table 2 Description of governance arrangements ......................................................... 2 Table 3 Previously recorded introductions .................................................................... 4 Table 4 Habitat Types .................................................................................................... 7 Table 6 Hazard analysis at monitoring location .......................................................... 10 Table 7 Summary of observational methods used to sample each species. Two ticks
indicate that the species will be sampled twice using this method. ................ 15 Table 8 Summary of the sample size required for each observational method in each
habitat group ..................................................................................................... 1 Table 9 Location of sampling sites ................................................................................ 3
Map 1 Monitoring area .................................................................................................. 8 Map 2 Map of area with spatial grid and monitoring sites indicated ............................. 2
1
Primary Survey Design Contact Person
Name: Keith Rowling
Organisation: SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Phone: 08 82075494
Email: [email protected]
1.1 Determining Objectives Marine pest issues in Australia are to be managed via “The National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions” (the National System), which will require a regular and ongoing commitment to monitoring pests at ports and harbours. Consistent and cost effective marine pest monitoring is best facilitated through the application of a standardised sampling strategy. The “Marine Pest Monitoring Manual: Version 2” outlines the procedures required for a marine pest survey and will be used to design and implement a pest survey of the Port of Adelaide along with the Monitoring Design Excel Template V1c (MDET) attached to this report.
Areas within the Port of Adelaide to be monitored include:
Outer Harbor
Inner Harbour
Upper Port River
Primary Monitoring Objectives The overall objective of this port survey is to detect new incursions of
established target species in the Port of Adelaide that are already established at other locations within Australia or are known to be pests elsewhere in the world
Secondary Monitoring Objectives
To detect species within the Port of Adelaide that appear to have clear impacts or invasive characteristics; and to experiment techniques for plankton sampling to optimise DNA extraction of target species within the Port of Adelaide
Stakeholder Engagement & Governance
2
Table 1 Monitoring design contact details
Role Organisation Contact Person
Phone Email
Program owner (e.g. state government, port authority)
PIRSA Marine Biosecurity
Michael Sierp
08 82262889
Funding provider(s)
PIRSA Marine Biosecurity
Michael Sierp
08 82262889
Monitoring program designer(s)
SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Keith Rowling
08 82075494
Collection of existing data
SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Keith Rowling
08 82075494
Implementation of monitoring program
SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Keith Rowling/ Kathryn Wiltshire
08 82075494 08 82075456
[email protected] [email protected]
1.2 Stakeholder Engagement & Governance Although no outside stakeholder has provided funding for this survey, there is still the question of jurisdictional responsibility within the monitoring locations. The relevant stakeholders include Flinders Ports Pty Ltd, Transport SA and the City of Port Adelaide Enfield. A summary table is attached (Table 2) which lists the details of the nodes/facility and the contact details for each of the responsible groups. Any permits/permissions will be attached as appendices to this report. Table 2 Description of governance arrangements
Stakeholders Responsible Group
Consultation Conducted
Evidence of
approval
Contact Details
Commercial trading port
Flinders Ports
Phone Email Email Scott Marston Client Services Marine Traffic 08 84470623 [email protected]
Marina City of Port Adelaide Enfield
Phone Verbal Daniel Smith Customer Service Team 08 84056600
Waterways NA (Not Applicable)
Boat ramp C of PA Enfield
Phone Verbal As above
Collating Existing Data
3
Navigation buoys
Transport SA
Phone Verbal Scott Porter Policy and Services 08 82048830
Markers and other structures
Transport SA
Phone Verbal As above
Jetty Flinders Ports
Phone Email Email As above
Slipway NA Dry dock NA Aquaculture lease
NA
Recreational users
C of PA Enfield
Phone Verbal As above
2.1 Collating Existing Data
2.1.1 Local Knowledge & Skills Audit
SARDI Aquatic Sciences has considerable expertise in conducting invasive research within the Port of Adelaide, and will be self sufficient in designing, implementing and reporting for this project, although outside experts may be used for taxonomic verification purposes.
2.1.2 Previous Marine Pest Monitoring Data
The baseline monitoring activity undertaken in the Port of Adelaide was a survey in 2001 by MAFRI (now PIRVic) as part of the CRIMP series of port surveys. Cohen et al. (2002) produced a report for this survey, and the total number of exotic species (including cryptogenic species) found was nineteen. Locations and numbers of the exotic species that were present were obtained by SARDI and some of these details will used as part of this survey. Since then SARDI has completed a number of surveys for invasive Caulerpas through the region (Tanner et al. 2004, Westphalen et al. 2004, Rowling et al. 2005, Theil et al. 2005, Westphalen & Rowling, 2005, Rowling 2007, Rowling 2008ab, Wiltshire and Rowling 2009a). SARDI has also undertaken a previous port survey using to test the monitoring manual through the region that involved identification of the target exotic species (Rowling 2009b) and a sub-project looking at marine pest sampling in mangroves (Wiltshire and Rowling 2009b).
Collating Existing Data
4
Table 3 Previously recorded introductions
Species Date of Detection/Sa
mple
Location Comment Active Eradication in Place? (Y/N)
Alexandrium and Gymnodium
2001, 2007 All through the Port
Found both in baseline surveys in MAFRI 2001 and SARDI 2007 surveys
N large existing population
Carcinus maenas
2001 Royal SA Yacht Squadron
MAFRI 2001 N not found in any surveys since
Sabella spallanzanii
Early 1990s onwards
All through the Port
MAFRI 2001 SARDI 2007
N. part of large existing population
Musculista senhousia
2001 All through the port
MAFRI 2001 N. not found since except DNA in SARDI 2007 surveys
Charybdis japonica
Dec 2000 One individual SARDI 2001 report
N. no others found
Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea
2002 onwards
Many shallow areas through port
SARDI Caulerpa reports 2004-current, SARDI 2007 survey
N. part of large existing population
Caulerpa taxifolia
2002 onwards
Many shallow areas through port
SARDI Caulerpa reports 2004-current, SARDI 2007 survey
N eradicated from adjacent West Lakes but attempted eradication failed
2.1.3 Oceanographic Data
A series of graphs summarising the oceanographic data the three study areas listed in 1.1 are shown below (Figure 1, Figure 2). The minimum temperature across all the areas is 12.6°C and this increases by 1°C moving upstream. The maximum temperature was 23.8°C in the Upper Port, and this decreases by 0.5°C as you move downstream. Salinity was highest in March (37.9 psu) and lowest in the Upper Port (34.9 psu). Salinity varies by up to 2.6 psu throughout the year. The data for this chart was sourced from the EPA and was taken as part of their ongoing monitoring of the Port River/Barker Inlet region. This information is entered into the attached MDET.
Collating Existing Data
5
a)
Outer Harbor Temperature
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Tem
pera
ture
(o C)
Period: 1999-2005Source: SA EPA
b)
Inner Harbour Temperature
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Tem
pera
ture
(o C)
Period: 1999-2005Source: SA EPA
c)
Upper Port Temperature
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Tem
pera
ture
(o C)
Period: 1999-2005Source: SA EPA
Figure 1 Sea temperature (oC) for a) Outer Harbor b) Inner Harbour c) Upper Port, over the period 1999 – 2005 (source: SA EPA)
Collating Existing Data
6
a)
Outer Harbor Salinity
05
10
15202530
354045
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Salin
ity (P
SU)
Period: 1999-2005Source: SA EPA
b)
Inner Harbour Salinity
05
10
15202530
354045
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Salin
ity (P
SU)
Period: 1999-2005Source: SA EPA
c)
Upper Port Salinity
05
10
15202530
354045
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Salin
ity (P
SU)
Period: 1999-2005Source: SA EPA
Figure 2 Salinity (PSU) for a) Outer Harbor b) Inner Harbour c) Upper Port, over the period 1999 – 2005 (source: SA EPA)
Collating Existing Data
7
2.1.4 Habitat Delineation
As discussed in Section 1.1 the Port of Adelaide was broken into three different sub-locations, and the habitat types for each of these are shown below (Table 4). All the areas contained man-made wharves, dredged channel, subtidal and intertidal soft sediment areas. Habitat maps for each of these areas can be seen in Section 2.1.5.
Information from this table is entered into the attached MDET. Table 4 Habitat Types
Location Habitat Category Total Survey Area (m2)
% Intertidal
Outer Harbour (see Map 1a)
Soft-surface
Epifauna 4576263 32 Infauna 4576263 32
Hard-surface (vertical and horizontal)
94709 5
Pelagic (vertical and horizontal)
3080107 0
Inner Harbour (see Map 1b)
Soft-surface
Epifauna 284200 2 Infauna 284200 2
Hard-surface (vertical and horizontal)
13662 5
Pelagic (vertical and horizontal)
280952 0
Upper Port (see Map 1c)
Soft-surface
Epifauna 222319 1 Infauna 222319 1
Hard-surface (vertical and horizontal)
18788 5
Pelagic (vertical and horizontal)
221920 0
2.1.5 Monitoring Area Map(s)
The Port of Adelaide is South Australia’s principal port, comprising of an Inner Harbour and Outer Harbor with more than 20 wharves and 40 berths spread across approximately 7 km of wharf frontage (Map 1). This project involves a survey of Outer Harbor from the entrance as far upstream as the Quarantine Station jetty (Outer Harbor); the Inner Harbor around Berth 25 and K Wharf, (Inner Harbour), and the upper Port River (Upper Port).
Collating Existing Data
8
Map 1 Port of Adelaide Map
Collating Existing Data
9
Map 1a Outer Harbor map showing habitats
Map 1b Inner Harbour map showing habitats
Collating Existing Data
10
Map 1c Upper Port map showing habitats
2.1.6 Local Constraining Factors on Monitoring Success
Table 5 Hazard analysis at monitoring location
Hazard Effect on Monitoring
Critical Time of Year ( e.g: year round,
summer, temp<15oC)
Critical time of
Day (e.g: NA,
afternoon, high tide)
Management options for
minimisation
Turbidity/visibility (Secchi disk depth)
Reduces visibility, therefore the effectiveness of visual surveys
Year round Varies but particularly during changes of the tide
Conduct visual surveys outside of the time when the tide is changing
Wind direction (16 compass points)
May reduce visibility
North in summer, south west in winter
NA Try to sample in lee of the wind at all times
Wind speed Reduces visibility and safety
All year Afternoon Occasionally need to work on lee-side or complete field work before afternoon sea breeze picks up
Collating Existing Data
11
Tidal currents (m s-1)
Difficult to swim
All year Mid tidal Occasionally need to dive during slack tide
Tide times Hard to sample top of pylons etc
Strong spring and autumn tides
Varies sampling times adjusted to allow safe boat access and appropriate depths for pylon sampling
Water residence time(# of days before body of water is completely refreshed)
Species that are only in water a short time (2 days) may leave the Outer Harbor region quickly
Particularly spring and Autumn
All day Plankton tows need to be well timed to coordinate with spawning/growth activity
Rainfall patterns May decrease visibility
Winter All day Sampling times adjusted or alternative sampling methods selected if heavy rain
Temperature extremes
Difficult to work if very hot or cold
Summer Winter
All Day Follow OH&S guidelines on working conditions
Dangerous animals • Sharks
Danger to divers
Summer All day Divers snorkelers to wear shark shields
• Blue ring octopus
Danger to staff
All year All day Wear appropriate gloves, take care
Vessel traffic Disrupt field work
All year All day Check daily details on Flinders Ports website, radio tower daily
Dredging & construction activities
Disrupt field work, diver safety
Various times All day Check for new activities, radio tower daily
Choosing Target Species
12
Pollution (e.g: stormwater, industry)
Diver safety All year All day Monitor environment, wear full face masks in upper Port
Pressure gradients (e.g: water pump inlets)
Diver safety All year All day Avoid Pelican Point power station
Charged metal protectors (cathodic protection)
Diver safety All year All day Some are located throughout the Port, check with Flinders Ports before diving
2.2 Choosing Target Species The target species to survey are automatically generated by the attached MDET, using temperature and salinity threshold values from Section 2.1.3. See the attached “SppIntolerances” worksheet from the MDET for species and lifestages excluded from the survey due to temperature or salinity intolerances of the physical conditions in each region of the Port of Adelaide. Table 7 SppIntolerances worksheet from the MDET
Location Species Lifestage Lethal
Temperature Lethal Salinity
Inner Harbour Asterias amurensis Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus eburneus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Callinectes sapidus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Callinectes sapidus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Corbula amurensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Dinophysis norvegica Veg_cell TRUE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Limnoperna fortunei Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Limnoperna fortunei Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Musculista senhousia Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Pseudo-nitzschia seriata Veg_cell TRUE FALSE Sargassum muticum Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tortanus dextrilobatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE
Choosing Target Species
13
Location Species Lifestage Lethal
Temperature Lethal Salinity
Inner Harbour Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Undaria pinnatifida Plant FALSE TRUE Outer Harbor Asterias amurensis Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus eburneus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Callinectes sapidus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Callinectes sapidus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Corbula amurensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Dinophysis norvegica Veg_cell TRUE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Limnoperna fortunei Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Limnoperna fortunei Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Musculista senhousia Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Pseudo-nitzschia seriata Veg_cell TRUE FALSE Sargassum muticum Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tortanus dextrilobatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Undaria pinnatifida Plant FALSE TRUE Upper Port Asterias amurensis Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus eburneus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Callinectes sapidus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Callinectes sapidus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Corbula amurensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Dinophysis norvegica Veg_cell TRUE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Limnoperna fortunei Gam_larv FALSE TRUE
Choosing Target Species
14
Location Species Lifestage Lethal
Temperature Lethal Salinity
Upper Port Limnoperna fortunei Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Musculista senhousia Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Pseudo-nitzschia seriata Veg_cell TRUE FALSE Sargassum muticum Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tortanus dextrilobatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Undaria pinnatifida Plant FALSE TRUE
15
2.3 Determining Number of Samples The attached MDET has been used to determine appropriate observational methods and sample sizes for each target species, and the methods are summarised below. Techniques targeting conspicuous larger adult stages were chosen where possible, particularly for the macroalgae and invertebrates. In cases where a molecular probe has been developed to aid in identification of larvae, then sampling the larval (planktonic) stages were chosen. In any species with a cyst life stage, coring was chosen as an appropriate technique. Table 6 Summary of observational methods used to sample each species. Two ticks indicate that the species will be sampled twice using this method.
Habitat Hard horizontal/vertical Plankton horizontal/vertical
Pelagic horizontal/vertical Soft Epifauna Soft Infauna
Observational Method Diver visual
Quadrat scrape
Snorkel visual
Crab Trap
Fish Trap
Walk visual
Phytoplankton trawl
Zooplankton trawl
Diver visual
Snorkel visual
Fish Trap
Beam Trawl
Diver Visual Grab
Snorkel Visual
Crab Trap
Walk visual Core Grab Dredge
Species
Acartia tonsa
Alexandrium cantenella
Alexandrium minutum
Alexandrium monilatum
Alexandrium tamarense
Asterias amurensis
Beroe ovata
Bonnemaisonia hamifera
Carcinus maenus
Caulerpa racemosa
Caulerpa taxifolia
Charybdis japonica
Codium fragile spp. tomentosoides
Crassostrea gigas
Determining Number of Samples
16
Habitat Hard horizontal/vertical Plankton horizontal/vertical
Pelagic horizontal/vertical Soft Epifauna Soft Infauna
Observational Method Diver visual
Quadrat scrape
Snorkel visual
Crab Trap
Fish Trap
Walk visual
Phytoplankton trawl
Zooplankton trawl
Diver visual
Snorkel visual
Fish Trap
Beam Trawl
Diver Visual Grab
Snorkel Visual
Crab Trap
Walk visual Core Grab Dredge
Species
Crepidula fornicata
Didemnum spp.
Dinophysis norvegica
Ensis directus
Grateloupia turuturu
Gymnodium catenatum
Hemigrapsus sanguineus
Hemigrapsus takanoi/penicillatus
Hydroides dianthus
Musculista senhousia
Mya arenaria
Mytilopsis sallei
Perna perna
Perna viridis
Pfiesteria piscicida
Rapana venosa
Rhithropanopeus harrisii
Sabella spallanzanii
Siganus luridus
Siganus rivulatus
Undaria pinnatifida
Varicorbula gibba
Determining Number of Samples
17
Habitat Hard horizontal/vertical Plankton horizontal/vertical
Pelagic horizontal/vertical Soft Epifauna Soft Infauna
Observational Method Diver visual
Quadrat scrape
Snorkel visual
Crab Trap
Fish Trap
Walk visual
Phytoplankton trawl
Zooplankton trawl
Diver visual
Snorkel visual
Fish Trap
Beam Trawl
Diver Visual Grab
Snorkel Visual
Crab Trap
Walk visual Core Grab Dredge
Species
Womersleyella setacea
1
2.3.1 Modification of Sample Sizes
The sample sizes generated for six species using some techniques in the attached MDET are too high to be practical to implement. The “Adjust_sample_size” worksheet of the MDET shows the changes that have been made with some comments. Further justifications for these changes are as follows:
Species Name/s Method Justification
Acartia tonsa Zooplankton Trawl
Calculated sample size (127) was too high, dropped number down to next highest value for same technique (22)
Alexandrium spp, Undaria
Phytoplankton Trawl
Calculated sample sizes (96, 58) were too high, dropped number down to highest value for complementary technique (Zooplankton Trawl, 22)
Siganus spp Snorkel visual Was the only technique that could be chosen for these species, numbers were too high (606) so a number was chosen that was realistic to complete in two days of intensive sampling using this technique (48). The other areas were adjusted to a more realistic value in relation to the Outer Harbor numbers.
As well as calculating sample sizes the MDET gives information on the time/s of year to sample and the cost (field and laboratory) of each observation method. A summary of the final samples, time of year and costs generated by the MDET are given below Table 7 Summary of the sample size required for each observational method in each habitat group
Habitat Type
Observation Method
Sample Size (IH+OH+UP)
Total Samples
Sample Time of Year
Cost* (IH+OH +UP)
Total Cost ($)
Hard Diver visual 1+7+2 10 Spring 1137+8167+2273
11577 1+7+2 10 Autumn
Crab Trap 3+17+4 24 Spring 1100+8100+1467
10667 1 1 Autumn
Plankton Phytoplankton trawl
4+22+2 28 Spring 5238+29150+2588
36976 3+22+1 26 Autumn
Zooplankton trawl
5+22+2 29 Spring 6625+24750+2650
34025 5+22+2 29 Autumn
Pelagic Snorkel visual 12+48+12 72 Spring 4880+19520+4880
29280 12+48+12 72 Autumn
Soft epifauna Beam trawl
1+12+1 14 Spring 9200+110400+9200
128800
Crab Trap 1+1 2 Spring 267+267 534 Soft infauna
Core 1+7+1 9 Spring 3208+22458+3208
28874 1+7+1 9 Autumn
Determining Number of Samples
2
Dredge 2+15+2 19 Spring 5600+42000+5600
53200 2+15+2 19 Autumn
2.3.1 Selecting Sites to Monitor within a Location
Map 2 Map of Port Adelaide area with 200 m spatial grid and 31 monitoring sites indicated
Determining Number of Samples
3
Table 8 Location of sampling sites
Number on map
Site location GPS Coordinates of Grid Reference
GPS Coordinates of Actual Sites
Reasoning for Moving Site from Grid Reference
1 Entrance 34.784484 S 138.471050 E
34.784198 S 138.470001 E
Moved to nearby revetment
2 South Revetment 34.78450 S 138.475006 E
3 North Revetment 34.779998 S 138.475006 E
4 Outer Harbor Berth 1
34.77999 S 138.47999 E
34.7793 S 138.481002 E
Moving to nearby wharf
5 Swing Basin 34.773498 S 138.479995 E
6 Outer Harbor Berth 4
34.7733 S 138.483993 E
7 Royal Adelaide Yacht Squadron
34.7733 S 138.488998 E
8 Outer Harbor Berth 6
34.770801 S 138.486999 E
9 Channel Marker 8 34.769001 S 138.483993 E
10 Channel Marker 10 34.7644 S 138.488998 E
11 Outer Harbor Berth 8
34.766399 S 138.492996 E
12 Channel Marker 12 34.762798 S 138.494003 E
34.762279 S 138.49411 E
Moving from intertidal to subtidal site
13 Channel Marker 15 34.76438 S 138.49777 E
34.7639 S 138.498001 E
Moving from intertidal to subtidal site
14 Channel Marker 16 34.760101 S 138.5 E
15 Channel Marker 19 34.76209 S 138.50342 E
34.761699 S 138.505004 E
Moved to nearby marker
16 Channel Marker 20 34.759899 S 138.509002 E
17 Snapper Point 34.764198 S 138.511001 E
18 Channel Marker 22 34.76445 S 138.51555 E
34.764598 S 138.516006 E
Moved to nearby marker
19 Channel Marker 24 34.768798 S 138.520004 E
20 Lipson Channel 34.773498 S 138.518005 E
21 Quarantine Station 34.77774 S 34.777198 S Moved to
Determining Number of Samples
4
Jetty 138.51999 E 138.518997 E nearby jetty 22 Mutton Cove
Channel 34.7802 S 138.514999 E
23 Inner Harbour M Berth
34.825698 S 138.507003 E
24 Inner Harbour Berth 27
34.826801 S 138.509002 E
25 Inner Harbour K Berth
34.828998 S 138.507003 E
26 No 3 Dock 34.828998 S 138.509002 E
27 Inner Harbour Berth 20
34.831501 S 138.509002 E
28 Birkenhead Bridge 34.84225 S 138.50223 E
34.843101 S 138.501998 E
Moved to nearby bridge
29 Maritime Berth 34.842098 S 138.5 E
30 Musgrave Wharf 34.84221 S 138.49555 E
34.8432 S 138.496002 E
Moved to nearby wharf
31 Ro Ro Berth 34.844501 S 138.498001 E
NB: The number of sample sites in Outer Harbor is limited to 22, which means the Snorkel Visual technique will require replicates to undertaken. This is not unrealistic as the replicates ac be placed at various depths and distances from the channel.
Other
5
2.3 Other We will complete the Implementation Plan once the process of testing the MDET v2.0 has been undertaken prior to the commencement of the surveys.
2.4 References Cohen , B.F. Heislers, S. Parry, G.D. Asplin, M.D. Werner, G.F. and Restall, J.E. (2002), Exotic Marine Pests in the Outer Harbour of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia. MAFRI Report No. 40. Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, Queenscliff.
Rowling, K. (2007). Caulerpa taxifolia – 2007 survey of current distribution and high risk areas. Prepared for PIRSA Biosecurity. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. F2007/000703; SARDI Research Report Series No 234.
Rowling, K. (2008). Current Distribution of Caulerpa taxifolia in South Australia Chapter 2 in Deveney, M., Rowling, K., Wiltshire, K., Manning, C., Fernandes, M., Collings, G. and Tanner, J. (2008) Caulerpa taxifolia (M. Vahl) C. Agardh: Environmental risk assessment. Prepared for PIRSA Marine Biosecurity. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No.F2008/000854-1; SARDI Research Report Series No 307.
Rowling, K. (2009a). Caulerpa taxifolia – 2008 Survey of the upper Port River. Prepared for PIRSA Marine Biosecurity. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No.F2009/000049-1; SARDI Research Report Series No 331
Rowling, K. (2009b). Monitoring exotic pests in the Port of Adelaide, South Australia. Prepared for PIRSA Marine Biosecurity. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No.F2009/000207-1; SARDI Research Report Series No 349.
Rowling, K, Westphalen, G and Tanner, JE (2005). Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea surveys of Outer Harbor. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. RD04/0090. Prepared for the KBR and Flinders Ports
Tanner, J., Westphalen, G. and Rowling, K. (2004). Caulerpa taxifolia surveys of Outer Harbour. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. RD02/0161-7. Report to Flinders Ports
Theil, M., Rowling, K., Westphalen, G. and Tanner, J. (2005). Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea surveys of the inner harbour, Port River. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. RD02/0161-12. Prepared for Flinders Ports.
Westphalen, G. and Rowling, K. (2005). Caulerpa taxifolia surveys of the North Haven coast. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. RD02/0161-16. Prepared for PIRSA Biosecurity.
Wiltshire K.H. and Rowling K.P. (2009a) Caulerpa taxifolia - 2009 surveys of current distribution and high risk areas. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide, 26pp.
Wiltshire, K.H. and Rowling, K.P. (2009b) Validating methodology for detection of pest species in mangroves: application of techniques to a survey in the Port of
Appendix A
6
Adelaide. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide, 24pp.
.
2.5 Appendix A Hi Keith, Thanks for your email detailing the required survey work to be carried out in the coming months. I understand no land side access is required by your team and as such there is no requirement for any security passes to be obtained. As per the former occasion this activity was performed (& further to your protocols), Flinders Ports has the following requirements:
• The Alfa flag to be clearly visible at all times when engaging in diving activities • No diving permitted whilst ships are passing waters adjacent active sampling sites • Further to notifying the Signal Station before commencement & on completion of
work, please also inform when intending to send divers down so that the communications officers can confirm current shipping status
• Suggest use of VHF channel 12 for maintaining listening watch (ship / pilot & signal station ops use this channel during shipping)
• Alternative contact for the Signal Station is phone # 8248 3505 Please confirm actual commencement date (when known) as I’ll forward all relating information & communication instruction to our Signal Station / marine ops personnel at that time. Thanks & regards, Scott Scott Marston Client Services, Marine Traffic FLINDERS PORTS ph: +61 (08) 8447 0612 mob: 0411 551 377 fax: +61 (08) 8447 0603 email: [email protected] web: www.flindersports.com.au
Implementation Plan for the MDR of the Port of Adelaide 2010-11
Kathryn Wiltshire, Marty Deveney SARDI Aquatic Sciences, South Australia 13 April 2011
ii
Table of Contents
Primary Implementation Plan Contact Person ......................................................... 1
Implementation Plan
Sublocations ........................................................................................................... 1
Personnel
Organisational Chart ............................................................................................ 2
Duties ...................................................................................................................... 3
Specimen storage ................................................................................................... 3
Sample labelling .................................................................................................... 3
Survey methods
Sublocations ........................................................................................................... 4
Equipment specification ....................................................................................... 5
Timing ........................................................................................................................... 6
Permits and security clearances ................................................................................. 6
Hazard Assessment ...................................................................................................... 7
Appendix A ................................................................................................................... 9
Primary Implementation Plan Contact Person
Name: Kathryn Wiltshire
Organisation: SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Phone: (08) 8207 5456
A/H Phone: 0408 849 700
Fax: (08) 8207 5481
Email: [email protected]
Implementation Plan
With funding secured, it is proposed that the monitoring at the Port of Adelaide be undertaken in two seasons, Spring (September-December 2010) and Autumn (March-June 2011). The monitoring is expected to be completed within a year.
The monitoring at Port Adelaide will include four sublocations. These include:
1. Outer Harbor
2. Inner Harbour
3. Upper Port River
4. North Haven Marina
The North Haven marina sublocation was not in the original monitoring design for the Port of Adelaide but was included on recommendation from the Monitoring Design Assessment Panel. As North Haven has a similar area and composition of hard/soft substrate as the Upper Port River, sample numbers for North Haven will be the same as for the Upper Port River. In order to achieve this additional sampling within budget, the number of sites sampled in the Outer Harbor sublocation will be reduced for some techniques as described below.
It is expected that the proposed monitoring activity at Port Adelaide will cost $221,184.
In order to achieve sampling within budget, the number of diving days will be limited by performing all dive related sampling in as few dives as possible. So far as is practical, cores for phytoplankton cyst analysis will be collected from soft substrate adjacent to areas where diver visual surveys are conducted, i.e. during the same dive. Algal specimens collected during the Spring sampling that are not able to be identified by the staff at SARDI Aquatic Sciences will be preserved and stored until Autumn sampling is also completed, at which time all unidentified specimens will be sent to the State Herbarium of South Australia for identification. To incorporate sampling at North Haven Marina, the number of Core, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Trawl and Dredge samples at Outer Harbor will be reduced from those shown on the Monitoring design report, with an equivalent number of samples collected at North Haven for these techniques. Additional trap and diver visual sampling will be conducted at North Haven with no reduction to the numbers of samples at Outer Harbor for these techniques.
2
Personnel
Organisational Chart
Diagram 1 Organisational chart identifying the lines of authority and responsibility for the collection, analysis and storage of samples.
Monitoring Program Owner
DAFF, Biosecurity SA
Survey Coordinators
Marty Deveney, Kathryn Wiltshire
SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Collection Agency SARDI Aquatic
Sciences
Fixation and Storage Location
SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Identification
Cyst/ Phytoplankton Identification
Clinton Wilkinson (SASQAP)
PCR Identification Nathan Bott (SARDI
Aquatic Sciences, SARDI Plant and Soil
Health)
Algae Identification
Fred Gurgel (State Herbarium of SA)
Invertebrate Identification
Leonardo Mantilla (SARDI Aquatic
Sciences) Thierry Laperousaz
(SA Museum)
Reporting Structure
Sample Transport Route
Preliminary Sample Sorting
SARDI Aquatic Sciences
3
Personnel
Collection of samples and initial sorting and identification will be primarily by Kathryn Wiltshire, Jason Nichols, Alex Dobrovolskis and field assistants, who will be working with the primary researchers at all times. Additional taxonomic assistance for initial species identification is available to the primary researchers as required, from the wide-ranging expertise of other personnel within SARDI Aquatic Sciences. In particular, Leonardo Mantilla and Shirley Sorokin have taxonomic expertise in various groups of marine invertebrates. Identifications will be verified by the SA Museum and State Herbarium of SA, who will also house voucher specimens
Correspondence with the relevant taxonomic specialists to undertake the task of species verification was primarily by telephone, details are given in Appendix A.
Duties Name Organisation Position Qualifications Collection/ Sorting/ Identification
Kathryn Wiltshire
SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Research Officer BSc (Hons) Coxswain Scientific Diver Senior First Aid
Collection/ Sorting/ Identification
Jason Nichols SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Operational Services Officer
BSc (Hons) Coxswain Scientific Diver Senior First Aid
Collection/ Sorting/ Identification
Alex Dobrovolskis
SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Operational Services Officer
BSc Coxswain Scientific Diver Senior First Aid
Identification/Verification
Leonardo Mantilla
SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Research Officer BSc (Hons)
Identification/Verification
Shirley Sorokin SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Research Officer BSc (Hons)
Identification/Verification
Clinton Wilkinson
SASQAP (Biosecurity SA)
Program Leader, Food and Plant standards
Grad Dip
Identification (PCR)
Nathan Bott SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Research Scientist – Molecular diagnostics
PhD
Verification/ Lodgement
Thierry Laperousaz
SA Museum Collections manager, marine invertebrates
MSc
Verification/ Lodgement
Fred Gurgel State Herbarium of South Australia
Research fellow, macroalgal taxonomist
PhD
Specimen storage
The majority of samples will be sorted and stored at SARDI Aquatic Sciences West Beach
facilities: the South Australian Aquatic Sciences Centre (SAASC). Facilities at this location
include two 20 ft by 10 ft walk in freezers for frozen samples, four well ventilated 20 ft by
10 ft storage rooms for samples fixed in formalin and one 10 ft by 10 ft ethanol storage
room.
4
There is laboratory space at the SAASC for analysis and identification of samples, complete
with fume hoods, dissecting and stereo microscopes, video and photographic equipment and
a large number of reference books and materials to aid in identification, with access to
electronic resources on site. Any verification of identifications and the storage of voucher
specimens will be by the SA Museum and the State Herbarium of SA for marine invertebrate
and macroalgal specimens respectively.
Samples that will not be sorted at SAASC are:
Phyoplankton tow and core samples:
Phtyoplankton tow samples and cores will be examined by Clinton Wilkinson of SASQAP at
the Lincoln Marine Science Centre in Port Lincoln. SASQAP regularly monitors shellfish
growing areas for toxic and nuisance microalgae and have laboratory facilities equipped for
phytoplankton cell and cyst identification as well as relevant expertise in these areas.
Zooplanton tows for PCR analysis:
Zooplankton Tow samples for PCR analysis will be fixed at SAASC according to protocols
established by the SARDI Molecular Diagnostics group then analysed by Dr Nathan Bott
using the molecular diagnostics facilities of SARDI Plant and Soil Health, Waite. These
laboratories include facilities for DNA extraction and high-throughput quantitative PCR
assays.
Sample labelling
Labelling standard Survey ID Site ID Method ID Specimen No.
XXXXXXX XXXX XX XX
SurveyID:
NMN location code for Adelaide: ADL, flowed by a four-digit representation of month (MM) and year (YY) in format YYMM
SiteID:
Four character site identifier. Sites to be sampled for the Port of Adelaide monitoring in 2010-2011 are:
5
SiteID Latitude Longitude Description OHEN ‐34.7842 138.47 Outer Harbor entrance OHSR ‐34.7845 138.475 Southern Revetment OHNR ‐34.78 138.475 Northern Revetment OHB1 ‐34.7793 138.481 Outer Harbor Berth 1 OHSB ‐34.7735 138.48 Swing Basin OHB4 ‐34.7733 138.484 Outer Harbor Berth 4 OHYS ‐34.7733 138.489 Royal SA Yacht Squadron OHB6 ‐34.7708 138.487 Outer Harbor Berth 6 OH08 ‐34.769 138.484 Channel marker 8 OH10 ‐34.7644 138.489 Channel marker 10 OHB8 ‐34.7664 138.493 Outer Harbor Berth 8 OH12 ‐34.7628 138.494 Channel marker 12 OH15 ‐34.7639 138.498 Channel marker 15 OH16 ‐34.7601 138.5 Channel marker 16 OH19 ‐34.7617 138.505 Channel marker 19 OH20 ‐34.7599 138.509 Channel marker 20 OHSP ‐34.7642 138.511 Snapper point OH22 ‐34.7646 138.516 Channel marker 22 OH24 ‐34.7688 138.52 Channel marker 24 OHLC ‐34.7735 138.518 Lipson Channel OHQS ‐34.7772 138.519 Quarantine Station Jetty OHMC ‐34.7802 138.515 Mutton Cove Channel IHMB ‐34.8257 138.507 Inner Harbour M berth IH27 ‐34.8268 138.509 Inner Harbour Berth 27 IHKB ‐34.829 138.507 Inner Harbour K berth IHD3 ‐34.829 138.509 Inner Harbour no 3 dock IH20 ‐34.8315 138.509 Inner Harbour Berth 20 UPBB ‐34.8431 138.502 Birkenhead bridge UPMB ‐34.8421 138.5 Maritime Berth UPMW ‐34.8432 138.496 Musgrave wharf UPPW ‐34.8445 138.498 Princes Wharf NHFM ‐34.7867 138.4868 Flinders marina NHYC ‐34.7914 138.4887 Cruising Yacht club marina NHBR ‐34.795 138.4864 North Haven Boat ramp NHEN ‐34.7956 138.4818 North Haven entrance
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MethodID:
A two character method identifier. Methods to be used for the Port of Adelaide monitoring are:
Method ID Method
DV Diver Visual
ZT Zooplankton Tow
PT Phytoplankton Tow
TR Beam Trawl
C_ Core
T_ Trap
D_ Dredge
Specimen Number:
Each voucher specimen kept from a sample will be assigned a unique Specimen Number. The specimen number will be omitted for samples that are stored whole (plankton tows and cores for dinoflagellates cysts)
Example:
The unique identifying code for the second specimen taken by a beam trawl at Outer Harbor Berth 1 in Adelaide in November 2010 will be coded as:
Survey ID Site ID Method ID Specimen No.
ADL1011 OHB1 TR 02
The unique code for this sample will be ADL1011OHB1TR02.
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Survey methods
S – method to be used in Spring
A – method to be used in Autumn
S/A – to be sampled by this method in both seasons
Outer Harbor Hard
horizontal vertical
Plankton horizontal
vertical
Pelagic horizontal
vertical
Soft epifauna
Soft infauna
Diver visual S/A S/A
Zooplankton trawl S/A
Phytoplankton trawl S/A
Beam trawl S
Fish trap S/A
Crab trap S/A S/A
Core S/A
Dredge S/A
Inner Harbour Hard
horizontal vertical
Plankton horizontal
vertical
Pelagic horizontal
vertical
Soft epifauna
Soft infauna
Diver visual S/A S/A
Zooplankton trawl S/A
Phytoplankton trawl S/A
Beam trawl S
Fish trap S/A
Crab trap S/A S/A
Core S/A
Dredge S/A
8
Upper Port River Hard
horizontal vertical
Plankton horizontal
vertical
Pelagic horizontal
vertical
Soft epifauna
Soft infauna
Diver visual S/A S/A
Zooplankton trawl S/A
Phytoplankton trawl S/A
Beam trawl S
Fish trap S/A
Crab trap S/A S/A
Core S/A
Dredge S/A
North Haven Marina
Hard horizontal
vertical
Plankton horizontal
vertical
Pelagic horizontal
vertical
Soft epifauna
Soft infauna
Diver visual S/A S/A
Zooplankton trawl S/A
Phytoplankton trawl S/A
Beam trawl S
Fish trap S/A
Crab trap S/A S/A
Core S/A
Dredge S/A
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Equipment specifications
Species Survey method Equipment Specifications 1 Acartia tonsa Zooplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.6m length, 150µm mesh
2 Alexandrium cantenella Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length Phytoplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.25m length, 20µm mesh
3 Alexandrium minutum Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length Phytoplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.25m length, 20µm mesh
4 Alexandrium monilatum Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length Phytoplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.25m length, 20µm mesh
5 Alexandrium tamarense Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length Phytoplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.25m length, 20µm mesh
6 Asterias amurensis Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
7 Beroe ovata Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag
8 Bonnemaisonia hamifera Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
9 Carcinus maenus Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
10 Caulerpa racemosa Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
11 Caulerpa taxifolia Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
12 Charybdis japonica Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Zooplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.6m length, 150µm mesh
13 Codium fragile spp. tomentosoides
Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
14 Crassostrea gigas Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
15 Crepidula fornicata Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
16 Didemnum spp. Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
17 Dinophysis norvegica Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length 18 Ensis directus Dredge 1m wide, <5mm mesh 19 Grateloupia turuturu Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag 20 Gymnodium catenatum Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length
21 Hemigrapsus sanguineus Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Crab Trap Opera House net style
22 Hemigrapsus takanoi/penicillatus
Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
23 Hydroides dianthus Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag
24 Musculista senhousia Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
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Species Survey method Equipment Specifications 25 Mya arenaria Dredge 1m wide, <5mm mesh
26 Mytilopsis sallei Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
27 Perna perna Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag
28 Perna viridis Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Zooplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.6m length, 150µm mesh
29 Pfiesteria piscicida Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length
30 Rapana venosa Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
31 Rhithropanopeus harrisii Crab Trap Opera House net style
32 Sabella spallanzanii Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh
33 Siganus luridus Fish Trap Box style 34 Siganus rivulatus Fish Trap Box style 35 Undaria pinnatifida Phytoplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.25m length, 20µm mesh 36 Varicorbula gibba Zooplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.6m length, 150µm mesh 37 Womersleyella setacea Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag
Timing
Sampling is planned for two seasons to increase the likelihood of detecting seasonal lifestages: Spring 2010 (taken as being from mid-September to mid-December) and Autumn 2011 (mid-March to Mid-June). The anticipated number of days per sampling is given below. In practice it is likely that these days will be spread throughout the sampling period to some extent, as, within each period exact sampling dates will be dependent on weather and access to sites, especially with regard to shipping movements. Priority will be given to the collection of dredge (both seasons) and beam trawl (Spring only) samples as these require the most laboratory post-collection processing (ie sorting and identification). In the Autumn sampling period, collection of phytoplankton tow samples will preferentially be performed in mid-May to mid-June as this is the most likely period for the detection of vegetative cells (Clinton Wilkinson, SASQAP, pers. comm.). Some techniques may be performed simultaneously, e.g. deployment of fish and crab traps, and collection of cores during dives for diver visual surveys. Therefore, the total number of sampling days may be less than the sum of the number of days per technique.
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Expected numbers of sampling days & date ranges Technique #days Anticipated date range
Spring Autumn Spring Autumn
Beam Trawl 5 0 15/9/10 – 31/10/10 N/A
Dredge 5 5 15/9/10 – 31/10/10 15/3/11 – 30/4/11
Crab/Fish Traps 5 2 15/10/10 – 30/11/10 15/4/11 – 15/5/11
Zooplankton Tow 4 4 30/9/10 – 30/11/10 15/5/11 – 20/6/11
Phytoplankton Tow 4 4 30/9/10 – 30/11/10 15/5/11 – 20/6/11
Diver Visual 3 3 30/9/10 – 30/11/10 1/4/11 – 30/5/11
Core 3 3 30/9/10 – 30/11/10 1/4/11 – 30/5/11
Permits and Security Clearances
No land side access is required in order to conduct monitoring in the Port of Adelaide, all sampling will be conducted by boat. Permission has been obtained to enter the Royal South Australian Yacht Squadron marina and the operators of the publically accessible marinas within North Haven have been notified of the proposed monitoring activities. Contact will be made with Flinders Ports on each sampling day to reconfirm shipping movements and that access to required areas is possible.
Relevant email correspondence is provided in Appendix A.
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Hazard assessment
Hazard Effect on Monitoring
Critical Time of Year ( e.g: year round,
summer, temp<15oC)
Critical time of
Day (e.g: NA,
afternoon, high tide)
Management options for
minimisation
Turbidity/visibility (Secchi disk depth)
Reduces visibility, therefore the effectiveness of visual surveys
Year round Varies but particularly during changes of the tide
Conduct visual surveys outside of the time when the tide is changing
Wind direction (16 compass points)
May reduce visibility
North in summer, south west in winter
NA Try to sample in lee of the wind at all times
Wind speed Reduces visibility and safety
All year Afternoon Occasionally need to work on lee-side or complete field work before afternoon sea breeze picks up
Tidal currents (m s-1)
Difficult to swim
All year Mid tidal Occasionally need to dive during slack tide
Tide times Hard to sample top of pylons etc
Strong spring and autumn tides
Varies sampling times adjusted to allow safe boat access and appropriate depths for pylon sampling
Water residence time(# of days before body of water is completely refreshed)
Species that are only in water a short time (2 days) may leave the Outer Harbor region quickly
Particularly spring and Autumn
All day Plankton tows need to be well timed to coordinate with spawning/growth activity
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Rainfall patterns May decrease visibility
Winter All day Sampling times adjusted or alternative sampling methods selected if heavy rain
Temperature extremes
Difficult to work if very hot or cold
Summer Winter
All Day Follow OH&S guidelines on working conditions
Dangerous animals • Sharks
Danger to divers
Summer All day Divers snorkelers to wear shark shields
• Blue ring octopus
Danger to staff
All year All day Wear appropriate gloves, take care
Vessel traffic Disrupt field work
All year All day Check daily details on Flinders Ports website, radio tower daily
Dredging & construction activities
Disrupt field work, diver safety
Various times All day Check for new activities, radio tower daily
Pollution (e.g: stormwater, industry)
Diver safety All year All day Monitor environment, wear full face masks in upper Port
Pressure gradients (e.g: water pump inlets)
Diver safety All year All day Avoid Pelican Point power station
Charged metal protectors (cathodic protection)
Diver safety All year All day Some are located throughout the Port, check with Flinders Ports before diving
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Appendix A
Experts engaged for verification of samples, identification and lodgement of voucher specimens
Arrangements were put in place with the SA Museum and State Herbarium of South Australia for identification and lodgement of marine invertebrate and macroalgal specimens for the Port of Adelaide monitoring conducted in 2007-8. Telephone contact was made with Thierry Laperousaz of the SA Museum and Fred Gurgel of the State Herbarium in September 2010 to confirm that they were able to provide these services for the current Port of Adelaide monitoring. Similarly, Clinton Wilkinson of the South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program (SASQAP, a division of Biosecuirty SA) identified vegetative cells and cysts for the 2007-8 monitoring and was contact by telephone to confirm his availability to identify samples from the current survey.
Email correspondence regarding access to Port facilities and marinas is below. Hi Keith, Thanks for your email detailing the required survey work to be carried out in the coming months. I understand no land side access is required by your team and as such there is no requirement for any security passes to be obtained. As per the former occasion this activity was performed (& further to your protocols), Flinders Ports has the following requirements:
• The Alfa flag to be clearly visible at all times when engaging in diving activities • No diving permitted whilst ships are passing waters adjacent active sampling sites • Further to notifying the Signal Station before commencement & on completion of work,
please also inform when intending to send divers down so that the communications officers can confirm current shipping status
• Suggest use of VHF channel 12 for maintaining listening watch (ship / pilot & signal station ops use this channel during shipping)
• Alternative contact for the Signal Station is phone # 8248 3505 Please confirm actual commencement date (when known) as I’ll forward all relating information & communication instruction to our Signal Station / marine ops personnel at that time. Thanks & regards, Scott Scott Marston Client Services, Marine Traffic FLINDERS PORTS ph: +61 (08) 8447 0612 mob: 0411 551 377 fax: +61 (08) 8447 0603 email: [email protected] web: www.flindersports.com.au
15
Hi Kathryn Thank you for the email and the advice regarding the surveys to be conducted involving the RSAYS facility. I have included Annette Hersbach ( RSAYS member services) in on this response, Annette will advise our members through our normal channels of the planned activity and to alert them of your impending arrival. Please keep us advised if you require any further assistance from the Squadron. Best wishes
Wayne Phillips
General Manager
Royal South Australian Yacht Squadron
161 Oliver Rogers Road OUTER HARBOR SA 5018
Tel 08 8341 8600 • Fax 8248 4933
Post sample collection report for the monitoring of the Port of Adelaide 2010-11
Kathryn Wiltshire, Marty Deveney SARDI Aquatic Sciences, South Australia 24 May 2011
ii
Table of Contents
Primary Contact Person .............................................................................................. 1
Summary of samples collected .................................................................................... 1
Current sample status .................................................................................................. 6
Target species identified .............................................................................................. 6
Future reporting ........................................................................................................... 8
Primary Contact Person
Name: Kathryn Wiltshire
Organisation: SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Phone: (08) 8207 5456
A/H Phone: 0408 849 700
Fax: (08) 8207 5481
Email: [email protected]
Summary of samples collected
Collection of samples for the monitoring of the Port of Adelaide commenced on 16/9/2010 and was completed on 19/5/2011. Monitoring at Port Adelaide was conducted over two seasons, Spring 2010 and Autumn 2011, and included four sublocations:
1. Outer Harbor
2. Inner Harbour
3. Upper Port River
4. North Haven Marina
The North Haven marina sublocation was not in the original monitoring design for the Port of Adelaide but was included on recommendation from the Monitoring Design Assessment Panel (MDAP). North Haven has a similar area and composition of hard/soft substrate as the Upper Port River, so sample numbers for the Upper Port River were used for North Haven. To achieve this additional sampling within budget, the number of sites sampled in the Outer Harbor sublocation was reduced for some techniques. Specifically, the number of phytoplankton, zooplankton, dredge, and beam trawl samples at Outer Harbor were reduced from those shown on the monitoring design report, with an equivalent number of samples collected at North Haven for these techniques. Additional core, trap and diver visual sampling was conducted at North Haven with no reduction to the numbers of samples at Outer Harbor for these techniques. Methods used for the Port of Adelaide monitoring, their associated methodID for use in labelling, and the number of samples collected in each season:
Method Method ID # samples (%complete)
Spring Autumn
Diver Visual DV 12 (100%) 12 (100%) Zooplankton Tow ZT 29 (100%) 29 (100%) Phytoplankton Tow PT 28 (100%) 26 (100%) Beam Trawl TR 14 (100%) N/A Core C_ 10 (100%) 10 (100%) Trap T_ 33*(100%) 5* (100%) Dredge D_ 19 (100%) 19 (100%)
*Trap numbers include both fish and crab traps deployed on hard and soft substrates. See the following section for a detailed breakdown of deployments
2
Sites sampled for the Port of Adelaide monitoring in 2010-2011, and their associated siteID codes for labelling:
SiteID Latitude Longitude Description Outer Harbor sublocation OHEN -34.7842 138.47 Outer Harbor entrance OHSR -34.7845 138.475 Southern Revetment OHNR -34.78 138.475 Northern Revetment OHB1 -34.7793 138.481 Outer Harbor Berth 1 OHSB -34.7735 138.48 Swing Basin OHB4 -34.7733 138.484 Outer Harbor Berth 4 OHYS -34.7733 138.489 Royal SA Yacht Squadron OHB6 -34.7708 138.487 Outer Harbor Berth 6 OH08 -34.769 138.484 Channel marker 8 OH10 -34.7644 138.489 Channel marker 10 OHB8 -34.7664 138.493 Outer Harbor Berth 8 OH12 -34.7628 138.494 Channel marker 12 OH15 -34.7639 138.498 Channel marker 15 OH16 -34.7601 138.5 Channel marker 16 OH19 -34.7617 138.505 Channel marker 19 OH20 -34.7599 138.509 Channel marker 20 OHSP -34.7642 138.511 Snapper point OH22 -34.7646 138.516 Channel marker 22 OH24 -34.7688 138.52 Channel marker 24 OHLC -34.7735 138.518 Lipson Channel OHQS -34.7772 138.519 Quarantine Station Jetty OHMC -34.7802 138.515 Mutton Cove Channel Inner Harbour sublocation IHMB -34.8257 138.507 Inner Harbour M berth IH27 -34.8268 138.509 Inner Harbour Berth 27 IHKB -34.829 138.507 Inner Harbour K berth IHD3 -34.829 138.509 Inner Harbour no 3 dock IH20 -34.8315 138.509 Inner Harbour Berth 20 Upper Port sublocation UPBB -34.8431 138.502 Birkenhead bridge UPMB -34.8421 138.5 Maritime Berth UPMW -34.8432 138.496 Musgrave wharf UPPW -34.8445 138.498 Princes Wharf North Haven sublocation NHFM -34.7867 138.4868 Flinders marina NHYC -34.7914 138.4887 Cruising Yacht club marina NHBR -34.795 138.4864 North Haven Boat ramp NHEN -34.7956 138.4818 North Haven entrance
Note that site locations are centre points of grid squares within which samples were collected. Actual co-ordinates were recorded for each sample and will be provided in the final monitoring report.
Diver visual surveys
Diver visual surveys consisted of 50m swims surveying hard substrate and the adjacent water column. Sites selection was limited by the availability of hard substrate so sites were concentrated around dock areas in Outer Harbor. Other sites in Outer Harbor had little hard substrate, e.g. channel markers, or could not be surveyed due to shipping movements (e.g. swing basin), but the rocky channel edge around Snapper Point and the former Quarantine
3
Station Jetty were sampled to give a greater spread of diver visual sites. Sites sampled by Diver Visual Surveys and date ranges were:
Spring (24/11/10 – 9/12/10):
Upper Port Sublocation (2) UPPW, UPMB
Inner Harbour Sublocation (1) IHD3
Outer Harbor Sublocation (7) OHQS, OHYS, OHB6, OHB1, OHSR, OHSP, OHB8
North Haven sublocation (2) NHFM, NHBR
Autumn (16-17/5/11):
Upper Port Sublocation (2) UPBB, UPMW
Inner Harbour Sublocation (1) IHMB
Outer Harbor Sublocation (7) OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHNR, OHQS, OHSP
North Haven sublocation (2) NHEN, NHYC
Zooplankton tows
Zooplankton tows were 300m long. Sites sampled by Zooplankton tows and date ranges were:
Spring (11-18/11/10):
Upper Port Sublocation (2) UPPW, UPMB
Inner Harbour Sublocation (5) IH20, IH27, IHD3, IHKB, IHMB
Outer Harbor Sublocation (20) OH10, OH12, OH16, OH19, OH20, OH22, OH24, OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHEN, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHSR, OHYS
North Haven sublocation (2) NHFM, NHBR
Autumn (10-19/5/11):
Upper Port Sublocation (2) UPMW, UPBB
Inner Harbour Sublocation (5) IH20, IH27, IHD3, IHKB, IHMB
Outer Harbor Sublocation (20) OH08, OH10, OH12, OH15, OH16, OH19, OH22, OH24, OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHSR, OHYS
North Haven sublocation (2) NHEN, NHYC
Phytoplankton tows
Phytoplankton tows were 200m long. Sites sampled by Phytoplankton tows and date ranges were:
Spring (16/11/10-9/12/10):
Upper Port Sublocation (2) UPPW, UPMB
Inner Harbour Sublocation (4) IH20, IH27, IHKB, IHMB
4
Outer Harbor Sublocation (20) OH10, OH12, OH16, OH19, OH20, OH22, OH24, OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHEN, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHSR, OHYS
North Haven sublocation (2) NHFM, NHBR
Autumn (16-19/5/11):
Upper Port Sublocation (1) UPMW
Inner Harbour Sublocation (3) IH20, IHD3, IHMB
Outer Harbor Sublocation (21) OH08, OH10, OH12, OH15, OH16, OH19, OH22, OH24, OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHEN, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHSR, OHYS
North Haven sublocation (1) NHYC
Beam trawls
Beam trawls were 500m long. Sites sampled by beam trawl and date ranges (note, beam trawls were only performed in Spring) were:
Spring (16/9/10-14/12/10):
Upper Port Sublocation (1) UPMB
Inner Harbour Sublocation (1) IHD3
Outer Harbor Sublocation (11) OH08, OH10, OH15, OH16, OH20, OH22, OHB1, OHB4, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR
North Haven sublocation (1) NHBR
Cores
Cores were collected by divers on the same dives as visual surveys were performed, therefore, coring sites are a subset of those sampled by diver visual surveys. Sites sampled by cores and date ranges were:
Spring (24/11/10-9/12/10):
Upper Port Sublocation (1) UPMB
Inner Harbour Sublocation (1) IHD3
Outer Harbor Sublocation (7) OHQS, OHYS, OHB6, OHB1, OHSR, OHSP, OHB8
North Haven sublocation (1) NHBR
Autumn (16-17/5/11):
Upper Port Sublocation (1) UPMW
Inner Harbour Sublocation (1) IHMB
Outer Harbor Sublocation (7) OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHNR, OHQS, OHSP
North Haven sublocation (1) NHYC
5
Traps
To detect target crab species, sample numbers from MDeT v1 were Spring: 24 hard substrate, 2 soft substrate, and Autumn: 1 hard substrate. In consultation with DAFF and the MDAP it was decided that fish traps would be deployed as per MDeT v2 rather than using snorkel visual surveys. Four fish traps were required per season. As sufficient traps were available for use it was decided to deploy both fish and crab traps simultaneously at all trap sites as well as sampling an additional two sites around Outer Harbor. Traps were deployed at North Haven with no reduction in sampling at Outer Harbor; hence, 33 traps were deployed in Spring, 28 on or around hard substrate and 5 on soft substrate, and 5 traps in Autumn all on or around hard substrate. Sites sampled by traps and date ranges were:
Spring (29/9/10-21/10/10):
Upper Port sublocation - Hard substrate (4) UPBB, UPMB, UPMW, UPPW
- Soft substrate (1) UPMW
Inner Harbour sublocation - Hard substrate (3) IH20, IHD3, IHMB
- Soft substrate (1) IHD3
Outer Harbor sublocation - Hard substrate (17) OH10, OH12, OH15, OH16, OH19, OH24, OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHEN, OHMC, OHNR, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHYS
- Soft substrate (1) OH10, OHSP
North Haven sublocation - Hard substrate (4) NHBR, NHEN, NHFM, NHYC
- Soft substrate (1) NHYC
Autumn (28-29/4/11) – Hard substrate:
Upper Port sublocation (1) UPMW
Inner Harbour sublocation (1) IHMB
Outer Harbor sublocation (2) OH22, OHB6
North Haven sublocation (1) NHYC
Dredges
Dredges were 100m long. Sites sampled by Dredge and date ranges were:
Spring (16/9/10-10/11/10):
Upper Port sublocation (2) UPPW, UPMB
Inner Harbour sublocation (2) IHD3, IHMB
Outer Harbor sublocation (13) OH08, OH10, OH15, OH16, OH20, OH22, OHB1, OHB4, OHEN, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR, OHYS
North Haven sublocation (2) NHFM, NHBR
Autumn (28/4/11 – 3/5/11):
Upper Port sublocation (2) UPBB, UPMW
Inner Harbour sublocation (2) IH20, IH27
6
Outer Harbor sublocation (13) OH12, OH19, OH24, OHB1, OHB6, OHB8, OHEN, OHMC, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHSR, OHYS
North Haven sublocation (2) NHEN, NHYC
Current sample status
Laboratory sorting of all beam trawl, dredge, dive visual and trap samples from both seasons is complete. Algal specimens have been sent to the State Herbarium of SA for identification/verification. Phytoplankton samples and cores for dinoflagellates cysts have been sent to SASQAP for processing and identification. Zooplankton samples for PCR have been sent to SARDI molecular diagnostics for analysis. Most invertebrate specimens from beam trawl, dredge, dive visual and trap samples have been identified with the exception of 9 dredge and 3 diver visual samples.
Target species identified
The following target species have been identified: Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea, Caulerpa taxifolia, Sabella spallanzanii. Specimens that may be Codium fragile ssp. fragile (=tomentosoides) have been sent to the State Herbarium of SA for confirmation of their identity. Further occurrences may be found once all samples are processed/identified. All target species found so far are known to occur in Port Adelaide and were found within their known ranges. These are not, therefore, considered new incursions and no further action was taken. No abundant unknown species were detected. A summary of samples where target species were found is given below.
Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea was found in 16 dredge samples (6 Spring, 10 Autumn), 2 beam trawl samples (Spring), and 9 diver visual samples (4 Spring, 5 Autumn). Note that beam trawl and dredge samples may be of drift algae, but specimens collected by diver visual surveys were attached and growing at the location found. Sites and seasons where C. racemosa var. cylindracea was found were:
Upper Port sublocation
UPMB – Dredge (Spring)
Inner Harbour sublocation
IHD3 – Dredge and beam trawl (Spring)
IHMB – Dredge (Spring)
Outer Harbor sublocation
OH10 – Dredge (Spring)
OH16 – Beam trawl (Spring)
OH19 – Dredge (Autumn)
OH24 – Dredge (Autumn)
OHB1 – Dredge (Spring & Autumn), diver visual (Spring & Autumn)
7
OHB4 – Dredge (Spring), diver visual (Autumn)
OHB6 – Dredge (Autumn), diver visual (Spring & Autumn)
OHB8 – Dredge (Autumn), diver visual (Autumn)
OHEN– Dredge (Autumn)
OHQS– Dredge (Autumn)
OHSP– Dredge (Autumn), diver visual (Spring & Autumn)
OHSR – Dredge (Autumn), diver visual (Spring)
Caulerpa taxifolia Caulerpa taxifolia was found in 4 dredge samples (1 Spring, 3 Autumn). Note that these samples may be of drift algae. Sites and seasons where C. taxifolia was found were:
Upper Port sublocation
UPMB – Dredge (Spring)
Outer Harbor sublocation
OHB6 – Dredge (Autumn)
OHB8 – Dredge (Autumn)
OHQS– Dredge (Autumn)
Sabella spallanzanii Sabella spallanzanii was found in 8 dredge samples (3 Spring, 5 Autumn), 2 beam trawl samples (Spring), and 23 diver visual samples (11 Spring, 12 Autumn). Sites and seasons where S. spallanzanii was found were:
Upper Port sublocation
UPBB – Diver visual (Autumn)
UPMB – Diver visual (Spring)
UPMW – Diver visual (Autumn)
UPPW – Diver visual (Spring)
Inner Harbour sublocation
IH27 – Dredge (Autumn)
IHD3 – Dredge and diver visual (Spring)
IHMB – Dredge (Spring), diver visual (Autumn)
Outer Harbor sublocation
OH12 – Dredge (Autumn)
OH16 – Beam trawl (Spring)
OHB1 – Dredge (Spring), diver visual (Spring & Autumn)
OHB4 –Diver visual (Autumn)
8
OHB6 –Diver visual (Spring & Autumn)
OHB8 – Diver visual (Spring & Autumn)
OHEN– Dredge (Autumn)
OHNR – Beam Trawl (Spring), diver visual (Autumn)
OHQS– Diver visual (Spring & Autumn)
OHSP– Diver visual (Spring & Autumn)
OHSR – Dredge (Autumn)
OHYS – Dredge (Autumn), diver visual (Spring)
North Haven sublocation
NHBR – Diver visual (Spring)
NHEN – Diver visual (Autumn)
NHFM – Diver visual (Spring)
NHYC – Diver visual (Autumn)
Codium spp. Codium spp. were found in diver visual samples from NHBR (Spring) and NHEN (Autumn). Specimens have been sent to the State Herbarium of SA to determine if they are of the target species Codium fragile ssp. fragile.
Future reporting
On completion of all sample processing, identification and analyses a final monitoring report will be completed and submitted by the authors of the current report.