Final Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction.pdf
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Transcript of Final Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction.pdf
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Gagne`s
Nine Events of Instruction Model
By
Siba Kumar PandaAsst.Prof,Dept of ECE
Centurion University,Odisha
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Stuff
About Robert Gagne's
Gagnes Conditions of Learning Theory
Gagnes four major plans for instructional theory
Gagnes 9Learning Principles
Application Areas
Advantages & Weaknesses of Gagne`s Model
Conclusion
Reference
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Introduction
Instructional design is the process for
systematically creating effective
instruction based on learner needs andrequirements.
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Objective
Understanding the Gagnes Nine Events of
Instruction model
Applications of Gagnes model
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Who is ROBERT GAGNE? Robert Gagne's famous career
began with a bachelor'sdegree from Yale in 1937, anda Ph.D. in 1940 from BrownUniversity and died in 2002.
Gagne's major contributionswere as an experimentalpsychologist who worked withlearning and instructional
methods. His landmark book, "The
Conditions of Learning" waspublished in 1965.
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Gagnes Model
According to Gagnes view, effective instruction
must reach beyond traditional learning theories
(cognitivism, constructivism and behaviorism)
and provide support to transition from simple
to complex skills using an hierarchical model for
learning.
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Gagnes Conditions of Learning Theory1. Verbal information: Reciting something from memory2. Intellectual skills:
Discrimination: Recognizing that two classes of things differConcrete concept: Classifying things by their physical featuresaloneDefined concept: Classifying things by their abstract (andpossibly physical) featuresRule: Applying a simple procedure to solve a problem oraccomplish a taskHigher-order rule: Applying a complex procedure (or multiplesimple procedures) to solve a problem or accomplish a task
3. Cognitive strategies: Inventing or selecting a particular mentalprocess to solve a problem or accomplish a task4. Attitudes: Choosing to behave in a way that reflects a newly-
acquired value or belief5. Motor skills: Performing a physical task to some specified
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Gagnes four major plans for
instructional theory: Learning goals can be categorized as to learning
outcome or knowledge type (types of learning)
Learning outcomes can be represented in apredictable pre requisite relationship (learning
hierarchies) Acquisition of different outcome categories requires
different internal processes (internal conditions oflearning)
Acquisition of different outcome categories requiresidentifiably different instructional processes (eventsof instruction and external conditions of learning).
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Gagnes 9Learning Principles
1) Gaining attention (reception)2) Informing learners of the objective (expectancy)
3) Stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval)
4) Presenting the stimulus (selective perception)5) Providing learning guidance (semantic encoding)
6) Eliciting performance (responding)
7) Providing feedback (reinforcement)
8) Assessing performance (retrieval)
9) Enhancing retention and transfer ( generalization)
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Gagnes 9Learning Principles
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Con ..
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Gagnes 9Learning Principles
Event of
Instruction
Lesson Example/ Conditions of
Learning
Justification
1. Gaining
Attention
(reception)
Teacher tells learners how
he/she has used PowerPoint in
the classroom.
Shows an example or a
PowerPoint.
Asks learners questions about
using PowerPoint.
Giving background information
creates validity.
The use of multimedia grabs
the audiences attention.
Asking questions in the
beginning creates an
interactive atmosphere.
2. Informing
the Learner of
the Objective
(expectancy)
Teacher says, Today we are
going to work on using a
multimedia presentation
software, Microsoft
PowerPoint.
Make learners aware of what to
expect so that they are aware
and prepared to receive
information.
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Con ..
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Event of Instruction Lesson Example/
Conditions of Learning
Justification
3. Stimulating Recall
of Prior Learning
(retrieval)
For this particular group of
learners, they have
learned previously about
Microsoft Windows,
particularly Microsoft
Word. Teacher associates
this knowledge with
lesson at hand.
When learning something
new, assessing prior
knowledge is a major
factor in the process of
acquiring new information.
4. Presenting the
Stimulus (selectiveperception)
Teacher gives students
hands-on, step-by-steptutorial on using Microsoft
PowerPoint.
The goal is information
acquisition, therefore, thestimulus employed is
written content and the
actual software program.
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Event of Instruction Lesson Example/ Conditions
of Learning
Justification
5. Providing
Learner Guidance(semantic
encoding)
Teacher demonstrates how to
create a presentation,Teacher moves around and
shows students how to use
the tools to type text, add
links, add symbols and clip
art, insert videos and
diagrams, use sounds, etc.
Learners are allowed to try
the tools demonstrated in
partners on their computers.
Teacher uses discovery
learning because learnersare adults and it gives
them the freedom to
explore. Teacher facilitates
the learning process by
giving hints and cues
when needed. Since the
audience are pre-service
with some basic level of
technology skills and the
software program is easy
to follow and understand,
guidance is minimal.
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Event of Instruction Lesson Example/
Conditions of Learning
Justification
6. Eliciting
Performance(responding)
Teacher asks students to
demonstrate PowerPointtools.
Requiring the learner to
produce based on what hasbeen taught enables the
learner to confirm their
learning.
Regular feedback enhances
learning.7. Giving Feedback
(reinforcement)
Teacher gives immediate
feedback to learners after
eliciting responses.
8. Assessing
Performance
(retrieval)
Assign a practice activity
Create an electronic story
book using Microsoft
PowerPoint. Teacher
checks work.
Independent practice forces
students to use what they
learned and apply it. Assessing
such gives instructors a means
of testing student learning
outcomes.
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Event of Instruction Lesson Example/ Conditions
of Learning
Justification
9. Enhancing
Retention and
Transfer
( generalization)
Teacher asks learners to
create activities using
PowerPoint presentation for
6th Grade pupils. Teacher also
assigns learner to teachanother learner how to make
PowerPoint presentations.
Applying learning in real-life
situations is a step towards
Mastery Learning.
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Few Application Areas of Gagnes
Nine Events of Instruction
Applying Gagnes Nine Events in the Design of
an Interactive eBook to Learn 3D Animation
A New Approach of Image Processing Teachingby Gagne Learning Conditional Theory
Gagne Nine Steps for E-Learning Education
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Advantages
The domains of learning helps teachers better
organize their thoughts and the objectives of
the instructional lesson (it is a good technique
to put more structure into the objectives oflesson plans).
The domains of learning helps teachers to
better understand what types of learning toexpect to see from their students.
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Weaknesses
The theory is very systematic and inflexible atmost points. The systematic nature of the
theory may be a turn-off for many teachers,
particularly those who like to be creative. The theory is not always easy to implement.
Many times it is difficult to take the goals a
teacher had for students, put them into thecorrect learning outcome category, and then
create objectives using Gagne's standard.
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Conclusion
Gagns Nine Events of Instruction can help buildthe framework with which to prepare and deliverinstructional content.
We should prepare course goals and learning
objectives before implementing the nine events(the goals and objectives will actually help tolocate the events in their proper context).
These nine events of instruction can then bemodified to fit both the content to be presentedand the students level of knowledge.
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Reference1. http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/subscriptions/prod/mdl/
gagnes_nine_events.html \2. Exploring Interactive Whiteboard Use In The 4 6 Grade Classroom Using Gagnes
Nine Events of Instruction, Beth Mckinney, University of Alabama
3. Gagn, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of instructional design
(4th ed.). Forth Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers
4. V Model of E-Learning Using Gagne Nine Steps of Education, Hasan Al-Shalabi1,Swidan Andraws2, Adnan I. Alrabea3, A. V. Senthil Kumar4, Journal of Software
Engineering and Applications, 2012, 5, 850-854
5. Jaemu Lee and Yong-Jae Lee , Development and Application of E-Learning
Content for Advertising Education , International Journal of Advanced Science and
Technology , vol. 47, oct-2012.
6. Swidan etal. , V Model of E-Learning Using Gagne Nine Steps of Education ,Journal of Software Engineering and Applications,, vol. 5, oct-2012.
7. Liang-Yuan Hsiung, etal. A New Approach of Image Processing Teaching by Gagne
Learning Conditional Theory International Journal of Information and Education
Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2011
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