Final Ethics Submit

8/9/2019 Final Ethics Submit

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RICHARD FILBERT WIRYOKUSUMA

UCOR 2910-02

WINTER 2014

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A. INTRODUCTION

As we !"w# e$e%& '!()s*%& '! *+e w"%,( w !*s *" + $e , % e /")!*

" /"!e& *+ * "/es %"/ *+e'% %e$e!)e *" %e *e , % e /")!* " %" '*. I!

"%(e% *" %e + *+'s 3','* e$e%& '!()s*%& !ee(s *" (e$e," *+e'% +)/ !

%es")% e# s&s*e/ !( *e +!"," & *" %e() e *+e "s* " %"() '! *+e'%

%"() *s !( / '! +) e %" '* s'! e *+e'% se,,'! %"() * '! %e se# 3)*

*+e'% "s* (e %e se.

B se( "! *+e , 5"S/'*+K,'!e# B%'s*",-M&e%s S )'33# !( AIDS '!

A %' ses# we ! see *+ * *+e%e %e se$e% , "/ !& w"% '! %"() '!

*+e /e(' '!e *" +e, AIDS *'e!* '! "%(e% *" '$e *+e/ " "%*)!'*& 3 *"

*+e'% !"%/ , ,' e. , 5"S/'*+K,'!e 's B%'*'s+ + %/ e)*' , "/ !&

")!(e( '! 178 !( +",( *+e *e!* *" '$e !*'%e*%"$'% , *+ * *+e& %e *e(.

T+'s "/ !& w s "!e " *+e w"%,(:s , % es* !( %" '* 3,e "/ !'es *+ *

s",( /e(' '!e '! *+e w"%,(. T+e se "!( "/ !& *+ * 3e "/es , 5":s %'$ , 's

B%'s*",-M&e%s S )'33. T+'s "/ !& 's ! A/e%' ! + %/ e)*' , "/ !&

")!(e( '! 17;7 !( +",(s *w" !*'%e*%"$'% , *e!*s.

T+'s %*' ,e * , s 3")* !)/3e% " *'e!* w+" s) e%s AIDS ('se se.

B se( "! *+e %ese % + '! 2004# *+e%e %e ; /',,'"! /"%e e" ,e + ("!*% *e(# /',,'"! + ( ('e( !( 40 /',,'"! e" ,e we%e ,'$'! w'*+ *+e

'! e *'"!. H"we$e%# se$e!*& e% e!* " *+ese e" ,e %e %"/ s)3-S + % !

A %' . T+e $e% e ,e$e, " '! e *'"! /"! (),*s '! s)3-S + % ! %e '"!

w s 7.7 e% e!*# B"*sw ! w s "%*& e% e!*#


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" e% e!* e + $e %e *e( $e%& 3 ( '/ * *" *+e ! *'"! es e ' ,,& '! *+e'%

, 3"% %"() *'$'*& !( ! *'"!:s e "!"/&.

B se( "! *+e %ese % +# *+e $e% e e%- e%s"! !!) , '! "/e '! s)3-

S + % ! A %' w s >;00 w+',e *+e / ?"% (%) "/ !'es + % e( >10#000 *"

>1;#000 *" e" ,e w+" s) e%e( *+e AIDS ('se se !( "!s)/e( *+'s '!( "

/e(' '!e. T+'s +) e (' e%e! e 3e "/es *+e / ?"% %"3,e/ *+ * s)3-S + % !

A %' + s %e e'$e( s'! e *+e%e w s !" /"!e& *" 3)& *+e /e(' '!e w+',e *+e

*'e!* !ee(e( *" "!s)/e *+'s '!( " /e(' '!e '! "%(e%e( *" '$e *+e/

" "%*)!'*& *" ,'$e ,"! e%. T+e%e "%e# s)3-S + % ! A %' ! 3e "/es *+e "!es

/"s* (es e% *e,& "% s",$'! *+'s %"3,e/ !( e*s *+e s",)*'"! s'! e *+e%e %e

4 /',,'"! !!) , !ew ses e %e( '! *+'s %e '"! e$e%& &e %.

T+e%e %e / !& % )/e!* " e( ) *e% see'! *+e 3 ( '/ * *+ *

+ e!e( '! s)3-S + % ! A %' 3e )se '!s) ' 'e!* )!( *" 3)& *+e

/e(' '!e. T+e%e we%e se$e% , %e s"!s w+& , 5"# B%'s*", !( "*+e% 3'

"/ !'es ('( !"* w !* *" %e() e *+e %' e. F'%s*# '* w s 3e**e% *" ,'/'*e(

%es")% es *" (e$e," *+e %" % / *" %e$e!* AIDS % *+e% *+ ! s e!( *+e'%

/"!e& *" 3)& *+'s /e(' '!e. Se "!(# *+e "/3'! *'"! (%) " @ " * ',s + (

*" 3e "!*%",,e( 3& *+e +"s '* ,# ,'!' s# (" *"% !( !)%se. T+e "*+e% %e s"!

w s 3e )se *+e "s* " (e$e," '! *+'s (%) w s $e%& e5 e!s'$e s'! e *+e&

+ ( *" %ese % +# (e$e," /e!*# !( *es*'! *+e (%) *" / e s)%e *+e s e*&

!( e ' & " *+e /e(' '!e *" 3e "!s)/e(. S'! e *+e%e w s +) e "s*

*+ * *+e "/ !& + ( *" s e!(# *+e %' e " *+e /e(' '!e 3e /e $e%& +' +.

T+e , s*# *+e "/ !& w s % '( *+ * *+e ,"w %' e *+ * *+e& " e%e( *" *+e


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(e$e," '! ")!*%& ! )se s/) ,e( 3 *" *+e US !( "*+e% (e$e," e(

")!*%'es.

T+e "*+e% % )/e!* * , e( 3")* *+e'% '! ! ' , ! ,&s's '! e +

"/ !&. E$e! *+") + *+e& s",( *+e /e(' '!e w'*+ *+e ,"w %' e# *+e

"/ !& s*',, + ( %" '* !( s*',, + ( /"!e& *" (" *+e %ese % + "!

(e$e," '! *+e'% (%) s. B se( "! *+e '! ! ' , %ese % + "! 200 # , 5"S/'*+-

K,'!e C"/ !& + ( %" '* / % '! %")!( 21 e% e!*# %e*)%!e( "! e )'*&

%")!( 122 e% e!* !( %e*)%!e( "! sse*s %")!( 26 e% e!*. B%'s*",-M&e%s

S )'33 + ( %" '* / % '! %")!( 19 e% e!*# %e*)%!e( "! e )'*& 's 6

e% e!* !( %e*)%!e( "! sse*s %")!( 14 e% e!*. T+ese %e "%*s s+"we(

*+ * *+e 3' (%) "/ !'es s*',, + ( *+e '*& '! ,"we%'! *+e "s* " *+e

/e(' '!e *" *+e (e$e," '! ")!*%'es !( s*',, + ( %" '* e$e! *+") + *+e

(%) s 3e'! s/) ,e( '!*" US.

I! (('*'"!# W"%,( T% (e O% !'= *'"! (e 's'"! WTO (" *e( !

%ee/e!* ,,e( TRI S s+"%*+ !( "% T% (e-Re, *e( s e *s " I!*e,,e *) ,

%" e%*& %' +*s . I! 2001# I!(' ! D%) C"/ !& s) ee(s *" " & *+%ee " *+e

*e!* (%) s !( "/3'!e( '* *" e*+e% w'*+ ,"w %' e. T+e %' e w s $e%&

,"w !( "%( 3,e( "% *+e (e$e," '! ")!*%'es *" 3)& *+'s '!( " /e(' '!e.

H"we$e%# *+e%e we%e / !& %" !( "!s e %e( *e% *+'s s)% %'s'!

/"$e/e!* s'! e *+e 3' (%) "/ !& *+") +* *+ * I!(' ! D%) C"/ !&

w s s*e ,'! *+e'% %" e%*& w'*+ $e%& )! '% "!('*'"!. T+e%e w s %' e w %

3e*wee! *+e I!(' ! "/ !'es !( "*+e% 3' (%) "/ !'es * *+ * *'/e !(

%e *e( / !& ,"sses *" 3' (%) "/ !'es !( ($ !* e")s *" *+e

(e$e," '! ")!*%'es.


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B. UTILITARIANISM

I! e!e% ,# we !"w *+ * )*','* %' !'s/ 's "!e " *+e e*+' , %'! ' ,es '!

3)s'!ess. U*','* %' !'s/ 's )se ), '! '(e!*' & *+e "s* !( 3e!e '* ! '!('$'() ,

"% "% !'= *'"! '! / '! *+e (e 's'"!. B se( "! e, s )e= 3"" #

@U*','* %' !'s/ 's e!e% , *e%/ "% *+e "% *+e $'ew *+ * *'"!s !( ",' 'es

s+"),( 3e e$ ,) *e( "! *+e 3 s's " *+e 3e!e '*s !( "s*s *+e& %"() e "%

e$e%&"!e '! s" 'e*&. .87 T+'s *+e"%& 's " )s'! "! (e*e%/'!e *+e 3e!e '*

" *+e *'"!s *+ * '!('$'() , "% "% !'= *'"! *" %"() e *+e %e *es* 3e!e '*

"$e% *+e "s* '! s" 'e*& "% 3)s'!ess e!$'%"!/e!*. T+e%e "%e# *+e / '! "'!* "

U*','* %' !'s/ 's *" / 5'/'=e 3e!e '* !( /'!'/'=e *+e "s* "! s" 'e*&.

T+e%e %e se$e% , s*e s *+ * we !ee( *" " *+%") + 3e "%e ! ,&='!

*+e ses )s'! *+'s '!( " "! e *. F'%s* we !ee( *" '(e!*' & ,, " *+e

,*e%! *'$es *+ * we ! see 3 se( "! *+e se *+ * we + $e. A *e% *+ *# we

! '!( "s* !( 3e!e '* "% ,, " *+e e *e( %*'es !( +"w e + " *+e

%*'es %"() es " e * *+e s" 'e*&. T+e , s* 's +""s'! *+e 3es* !e* %es),*

" *+e "s* !( 3e!e '* *+ * we ! '!( '! *+e se. M"%e"$e%# we ,s" !

'(e!*' & *+e !ee(s# w !*s !( *e "%'=e( e + " *+e %*'es: ,*e%! *'$es '!*"

*w" / ?"% "'!*s s) + s '!s*%)/e!* , ""(s "% '!*%'!s' ""(s. B se( "!

e, s )e=: 3"" # @ I!s*%)/e!* , ""(s %e *+'! s *+ * %e "!s'(e%e( $ ,) 3,e

"!,& 3e )se *+e& ,e ( *" "*+e% ""( *+'! s w+',e @ I!*%'!s' ""(s %e *+'! s

*+ * %e (es'% 3,e '!(e e!(e!* " !& "*+e% 3e!e '*s *+e& / & %"() e. .

7; A,, " *+ese s*e s %e +e, ), *" (e*e%/'!e !( ! ,&=e *+e *'"!s *+ * *+e

"/ !& +""ses % *+e% '* 's %' +* "% w%"! (e 's'"! '! *+e'% 3)s'!ess

%" %ess 3 se( "! *+e se *+ * we %e "'! *" e$ ,) *e.


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B se( "! , 5"S/'*+K,'!e# B%'s*",-M&e%s S )'33 !( AIDS '! A %' #

we ! '(e!*' & s"/e "s* !( 3e!e '* %"/ e + %*'es !( "'! *+%") + ,,

" *+e s*e s *" ! ,&=e *+'s se )s'! U*','* %' !'s/ "! e *. AS we ! see#

*+e e5's*e! e " *+e I!(' ! D%) C"/ !& %e *es +) e ""( '/ * *"

s",$e s)3-S + % ! A %' %"3,e/ * *+ * *'/e. M"%e"$e%# s'! e s)3-S + % !

A %' w s *+e /"s* (es e% *e %e '"! 3e )se " *+e '!s) ' 'e!* )!( *" 3)&

*+e (%) # *+e e5's*e! e " *+e I!(' ! D%) C"/ !& " e% *+e s /e /e(' '!e

w'*+ ,"w %' e w s $e%& +e, ), "% A %' ! e" ,e '! "%(e%e( *" '$e *+e/

" "%*)!'*& *" "!s)/e *+'s '!( " /e(' '!e '! *+e'% ,' e. M !& " A %' !

e" ,e:s ,' e we%e s $e( * *+ * *'/e !( '* w s "!e " *+e %e * s*e *" /"$e

"%w %( "% I!(' ! D%) C"/ !& s'! e *+e& + ( ! 3','*& *" %"() e *+e

s /e /e(' '!e w'*+ ,"we% %' e !( "/ e*e( *+e 3' (%) "/ !'es *

*+ * *'/e.

T+e "*+e% 3e!e '* *e% I!(' ! D%) C"/ !& " e%e( *+e "%( 3,e

(%) " * ', w s# / !& e" ,e w+" s) e%e( *+e HI AIDS $'%)s "),( + $e

,"! ,'$e !( 3','*& *" w"% !( e5 !(e( *+e'% e() *'"! *" e* 3e**e%

)*)%e. I* w s ,s" '! %e se *+e %"() *'$'*& " A %' ! , 3"% !( e "!"/& "

*+'s ! *'"! s'! e *+e'% e" ,e + ( ! " "%*)!'*& *" e5 !( *+e'% e() *'"! *"

(" *+e %ese % + '! "%(e%e( %e$e!*'! *+e AIDS $'%)s s %e ( ")* /"! *+e/!( "* ,"! e% w"% +")% '! es* 3,'s+'! *+e'% 3)s'!ess# '!()s*%& !( / !&

"*+e%s. T+e *'e!* ,s" + ( ! " "%*)!'*& '! s e!('! *+e'% *'/e w'*+ *+e'%

/',& !( e!?"&e( *+e'% *'/e *" e*+e% w'*+ +'s /',& /e/3e% s "*+e% e%s"!

e,* '*. T+'s '!( " s'*) *'"! w s "$e%e( '! U*','* %' !'s/ '! !"!e "!"/'

""(s *e "%'es w+' + "$e%e( @s) + s *+e e!?"&/e!* ,"$e# %ee("/#

+e ,*+# !( *+e%+""(-*+ * we w"),( !"* 3e w',,'! *" *% (e "% !& /")!* "


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*+e e!?"&/e!* " e "!"/' ""(s 3e )se !"!e "!"/' ""(s !!"* 3e

/e s)%e( '! e "!"/' /e s)%e(. .74 B se( "! *+'s e5 , ! *'"!# we

"),( see *+e e!?"&/e!* *+ * /',& " e%e( w s $e%& '/ "%* !* !( !!"* 3e

/e s)%e( '! e "!"/' . S'! e &") s e!* ,"* " /"!e& "! e**'! *+e (%) s#

&") w"),( + $e ! " "%*)!'*& *" e!?"& &")% *'/e 3e'! w'*+ /',& !(

w"% e( + %(e% *" %e e'$e ""( '! "/e *" (e % & ,, " *+e /',& e5 e!se

!( &")% e5 e!se '! 3)&'! *+e @ " * ', (%) s.

H"we$e% '! , 5"S/'*+K,'!e# B%'s*",-M&e%s S )'33 !( "*+e% 3' (%)

"/ !'es s'(e# we ! see *+ * w+ * I!(' ! D%) C"/ !& ('( w s !"*

e * 3,e s'! e '* s*",e !( " 'e( *+e (%) s *+ * ,, " *+'s 3' "/ !'es

+ ( ,%e (& s e!* +) e /")!* " /"!e& *" %"() e !( ('( *+e %ese % +

*" (e$e," *+'s /e(' '!e. H"we$e%# *+e "/ !& ,s" s*',, +e,( *+e *e!* "

*+'s '!( " (%) s. M"%e"$e%# s we "),( '!( '! e, s )e=:s 3"" # @*+e *e%/

" )*','* %' !'s/ 's )se( "% !& *+e"%& *+ * ($" *es se,e *'"! " *+ * *'"!

"% ",' & *" / 5'/'=es )*','*&. .87 Re, *e( *" *+'s se# s'! e I!(' ! D%)

C"/ !& e!*e%e( *+e / % e* !( " e%e( ! "%( 3,e %' e "% *+e s /e

(%) # '* w"),( !"* / 5'/'=e *+e "/ !& %" '* !( / &3e '* "),( + %/ *+e

"/ !&. T+e / ?"% "/ !&:s %" '* w"),( (e %e se !( '* w"),( e * "!

*+e e% "%/ ! e " *+e "/ !& '! ("'! *+e %ese % + "! (e$e," '! *+e'%(%) "%/), *" 3e 3e**e%.

T+e%e "%e# *+'s *+e"%& see/s w"% *" '(e!*' & ,, " *+e ,*e%! *'$es '!

e**'! *+e !swe% '! w+' + *+e , 5"S/'*+K,'!e C"/ !& !( "*+e%s "%

I!(' ! C"/ !& %e /"% ,,& ("'! *+e %' +* *'"! 3 se( "! *+e e*+' ,

%'! ' ,e '! )*','* %' !'s/ se *'"!.


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C. RI HTS

N"w ( &s# e$e%& e" ,e %")!( *+e w"%,( + $e *+e'% "w! %' +* *"

+""se e$e%& *'"!# (e 's'"!# )*)%e %ee% !( / !& "*+e%s '! *+e'% ,'$es.

T+e%e %e *+%ee *& es " %' +*s s) + s ,e , %' +*# /"% , %' +* !( +)/ !

%' +*. H"we$e%# /"% , !( +)/ ! %' +* + $e *+e s /e /e !'! *+ * @ ,,

+)/ ! 3e'! s e$e%&w+e%e "ssess *" ! e ) , e5*e!* s'/ ,& 3& $'%*)e "

3e'! +)/ ! 3e'! s w+',e Le , %' +* 's @ ! e!*'*,e/e!* *+ * (e%'$es %"/

,e , s&s*e/ *+ * e%/'*s "% e/ "we%s e%s"! *" * '! s e ' ' w & "%

*+ * %e )'%es "*+e%s *" * '! e%* '! w &s *"w %( *+ * e%s"!. . 9 Le ,

%' +* 's )se ), '! / '! ! %ee/e!* w'*+ '!('$'() , "% "% !'= *'"!. T+'s

%ee/e!* ,,e( "!*% *) , %' +*s !( ()*'es w+' + 3"*+ " *+e %*'es !ee(

*" ",,"w ,, " *+e %ee/e!* *+ * *+e& + $e ,%e (& %ee(. As e, s )e=

s* *es# @ C"!*% *) , %' +*s !( ()*'es %e )'%e 1 *+e %*'es !"w w+ * *+e&

%e %ee'! *"G .98 M"% , %' +* 's *+e %ee("/ *+ * e$e%& e%s"! + s *"

'!*e% %e* *+e'% '!*e%es*# " '!'"!# * !( / !& "*+e%s w'*+")* !& "/ ),s'"!

%"/ "*+e% e" ,e s ! '!('$'() , %ee("/. M"%e"$e%# *+'s %' +* 's /"%e

,e %,& '! *+e K !*:s *+e"% w+' + * , s 3")* *+e %' +* " e$e%& '!('$'() , "%

"% !'= *'"! '! "!*%", +'s "% +e% %ee("/.

B se( "! e%/ ! +',"s" +e% ! /e( I// !)e, K !*# ,, " +'s

%' +* *+e"%& 's 3 se( "! +'s /"% , %'! ' ,e *+ * +e ,,e( @ *e "%' ,

'/ e% *'$e w+' + /e !s *+ * e$e%& e%s"! + s *" 3e *%e *e( s %ee e%s"!

e ) , *" e$e%&"!e e,se. T+e%e %e *w" "%/), *'"!s *+ * %e ,'e( *" +'s

*e "%' , '/ e% *'$e *+e"%&.


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K !*:s '%s* "%/), *'"! 's @ I ") +* !e$e% *" * e5 e * '! s) + w &

*+ * I ! ,s" w',, *+ * /& / 5'/ s+"),( 3e "/e )!'$e%s , , w .99

B se( "! *+'s e5 , ! *'"!# I ")!( *+ * we ! * s w+ * we w !* *" 3e !(

w+ * we + $e , !!e( *" 3e. H"we$e%# *+'s * ! 3e )!'$e%s , ' *+e e%s"!

w+" + s s'/', % s'*) *'"! (e '(e( *" (" *+e s /e *+'! s w+ * &") * *" 3e

"% *+e s /e %e s"!. I! K !*:s '%s* "%/), *'"!# *+e%e %e *w" *e "%'es '!

(e*e%/'!'! % *+e% *+e * 's /"% , %' +* "% w%"! s) + s# @U!'$e%s ,'= 3','*&

!( @Re$e%s'3','*& . Re$e%s'3','*& /e !s *+ * @ e%s"!:s %e s"!s "% *'! #

*+e!# /)s* 3e @%e$e%s'3,e "!e /)s* 3e w',,'! *" + $e ,, "*+e%s )se *+"se

%e s"!s e$e! '!s* +'/se, . .99 F%"/ *+'s e5 , ! *'"!# I ")!( *+ *

3e "%e we (e '(e( *" * !( ('( w+ *e$e% we + $e ,%e (& , !!e(# we + (

*" *+'! %e$e%se,& ('( *+'s * 's )!e*+' , "% !"* "% / &3e "),( + %/ "*+e%s

/ &3e '! *+e'% ee,'! # /e!* , "% / !& "*+e%s. U!'$e%s ,'= 3','*& /e !s @A

e%s"!:s %e s"!s "% *'! # *+e!# /)s* ,s" 3e )!'$e%s ,'= 3,e I* /)s* 3e

"ss'3,e# * ,e s* '! %'! ' ,e# "% e$e%&"!e *" * "! *+"se %e s"!s. . 99

T+e se "!( "%/), *'"! 's @A * '! s) + w & *+ * &") ,w &s *%e *

+)/ !'* w+e*+e% '! &")% "w! e%s"! "% '! *+e e%s"! " !& "*+e%# !e$e%

s'/ ,& s /e !s# 3)* ,w &s * *+e s /e *'/e s ! e!(. .100 B se(

"! *+'s s* *e/e!*# I "),( '!( *+ * s +)/ ! 3e'! we + $e *" %es e * "*+e%s!( *%e * *+e/ '! %" e% w & w'*+")* + %/ *+e'% %ee("/# ee,'! # (' !'*&

!( / !& "*+e%s. T+e / ?"% "'!* *+ * K !* *%'e( *" e5 , '! '! *+'s se "!(

"%/), *'"!

@A! *'"! 's /"% ,,& %' +* "% e%s"! ' # !( "!,& ' # '! e% "%/'! *+e

*'"!# *+e e%s"! ("es !"* )se "*+e%s "!,& s /e !s "% ($ ! '! +'s


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2046900

"% +e% "w! '!*e%es*s# 3)* ,w &s 1 *%e *s *+e/ s *+e& + $e %ee,& !(

% *'"! ,,& "!se!*e( *" 3e *%e *e(# !( 2 "!*%'3)*es *" *+e'% 3','*& *"

)%s)e w+ * *+e& + $e %ee,& !( % *'"! ,,& +"se! *" )%s)e.

.100

T+'s /e !s *+ * K !*:s se "!( "%/), *'"! 's " )s'! "! +)/ ! 3e'! (' !'*&

s *+e e%s"! w+" + s %ee("/ "! +""s'! +'s "% +e% "w! ,'!e.

A "%('! *" *+e se s*"%& 3"$e# we ! '!( *+ * I!(' ! D%)

C"/ !& s",( !( " 'e( *+e s /e (%) *+ * , 5" !( B%'s*", "/ !'es

+ s %"() e( w'*+ +' + "s*. T+e %e s"! I!(' ! D%) C"/ !& ('( '* 3e )se

*+e %' e " *+e /e(' '!e *+ * 3' (%) "/ !'es " e%e( we%e $e%& +' +.

T+e%e "%e# I!(' ! D%) C"/ !& w s *%&'! *" %"() e *+e s /e /e(' '!e

w'*+ ! "%( 3,e %' e# s" *+e (e$e," '! ")!*%'es es e ' ,,& s)3-S + % !

A %' "),( 3)& *+'s /e(' '!e !( '5 *+e !)/3e% " e" ,e w+" s) e%e(

HI AIDS $'%)s.

B se( "! K !*:s "%/), *'"!# e" ,e !ee(s *" *%e * "*+e%s e ) ,,& !(

s %ee !( % *'"! , e%s"!. T+'s "/ !& *%'e( *" " e% /e(' '!e w'*+ !

"%( 3,e %' e '! "%(e%e( *" s $e e" ,e:s ,' e !( $e *+e/ + ! e *"

,'$e (' e%e!*,& !( (e$e," e( *+e'% * ,e!* *" %"() e /) + /"!e& !( +e, e(*+e ")!*%'es '! '5'! *+e'% ! *'"! ,:s e "!"/' %"w*+. O! *+e "*+e% + !(#

I!(' ! "/ !& $'", *e( *+e , 5" !( "*+e% 3' (%) "/ !'es *+ * + ( *+e

*e!* "! %"() '! *+'s '!( " /e(' '!e. , 5" !( "*+e% "/ !&:s %" '*

w"),( (e %e se s' !' ' !*,& !( *+e& we%e !"* 3,e *" (" *+e %ese % + '!

(e$e," '! *+e /e(' '!e s'! e *+e& we%e !"* + $'! s) ' 'e!* /"!e& *" (e % &

*+e %ese % + %" ess. I!(' ! "/ !& w s !"* *+'! '! %e$e%se,& 3")* *+e'%


12/23

2046900

, ! !( !e$e% *+") +* 3")* *+e *e " "*+e% 3' "/ !'es ' *+e& we%e

se,,'! *+e s /e /e(' '!e w'*+ ,"we% %' e. T+)s# *+e%e we%e / !& %" !(

"!s *+ * s) "%* I!(' ! (%) "/ !& *" (" w+ * *+e& + $e , !!e( *" (" '!

%"() '! *+e s /e /e(' '!e w'*+ ! "%( 3,e %' e s'! e *+e'% *'"! w s

+ %/ *+e 3' (%) "/ !'es s *+e '%s* '!()s*%& *+ * ")!( *+'s '!( "

/e(' '!e "%/), *+ * "),( +e, AIDS *'e!* '! *+e w"%,(.

A "%('! *" %' +* *+e"% '* 's + %( *" ('s*'! )'s+ w+' + "/ !'es %e

/"% ,,& "%%e * '! %es "!('! *+'s AIDS ('se se %"3,e/. H"we$e%# s'! e %' +*

's /"%e " )s'! "! +)/ ! ,' e# I!(' ! C"/ !& w s ("'! *+e %' +* *+'!

s'! e *+e& %"() e( *+e " * ', /e(' '!e w'*+ ,"w %' e *" '$e ,"! ,' e *"

*+e AIDS *'e!* w+" ,'$e( '! ""% ! *'"! w'*+ ,"w $e% e '! "/e e% &e %.


13/23

2046900

D. JUSTICE

T+'s *+e"%& e %e( 3e )se *+e%e we%e / !& )! '%!ess s'*) *'"!s

w+e%e / !& e" ,e %e e'$e( !( s*',, + %/ *+e/se, s !e'*+e% '!('$'() , !"%

"% !'= *'"!. J)s*' e "% '!?)s*' e (e 's'"! w s $e%& + %( *" 3e ! ,&=e( s'! e

*+e%e we%e !" %e , ?)s*' es *+ * e5's* '! *+'s w"%,(. E$e! *+") +# *+e%e we%e

/ !& e" ,e *+") +* *+ * '* w s ,%e (& '% e!") + *" s",$e *+e "! ,' *

3e*wee! *w" %*'es# 3)* *) ,,& "! *+e "*+e% s'(e# '* w s s*',, +)%* *+e "*+e%

%*'es *+ * '!$",$e( '! *+'s s'*) *'"! "% "! ,' *. H"we$e%# '! *+'s *+e"% I w',,

/"%e " )s "! *+e ('s*%'3)*'$e *+e"% w+' + * , s 3")* @*+e '%s* !( 3 s'

*e "% 's "! e%!e( w'*+ *+e '% ('s*%'3)*'"! " s" 'e*&:s 3e!e '*s !(

3)%(e!s. .108

D's*%'3)*'$e ?)s*' e )!( /e!* , %'! ' , * , s 3")* *+e ?)s*' e *" '$e

*+e %' +* !( % *'"! *" e$e%& e" ,e 3 se( "! w+ * +e + s (ese%$e( *" + $e.

B se( "! e, s )e=:s 3"" )!( /e!* , %'! ' ,e " ('s*%'3)*'$e ?)s*' e 's#

@I!('$'() ,s w+" %e s'/', % '! ,, %es e *s %e,e$ !* *" *+e '!( "

*%e */e!* '! )es*'"! s+"),( 3e '$e! s'/', % 3e!e '*s !( 3)%(e!s#

e$e! ' *+e& %e ('ss'/', % '! "*+e% '%%e,e$ !* %es e *s !( '!('$'() ,s

w+" %e ('ss'/', % '! %e,e$ !* %es e * ") +* *" 3e *%e *e( ('ss'/', %,'! %" "%*'"! *" *+e'% ('ss'/', %'*&. . 108-107

I! (('*'"!# 3 se( "! R w,s: *+e"%& ('s*%'3)*'$e ?)s*' e ! 3e , ss' 'e( '!

*+%ee (' e%e!* %'! ' ,es s) + s %'! ' ,e " e ) , ,'3e%* (' e%e! e %'! ' ,e#

!( %'! ' ,e " '% e ) ,'*& " " "%*)!'*&. %'! ' , " e ) , ,'3e%*& 's @*+e

, '/ *+ * e + '*'=e!:s ,'3e%*'es /)s* 3e %"*e *e( %"/ '!$ s'"! 3& "*+e%s


14/23

2046900

!( /)s* 3e e ) , *" *+"se " "*+e%s.@ T+'s %'! ' ,e %"*e *s *+e %' +* "

e" ,e *" %ee '! '$'! *+e'% " '!'"!# "//e!*# $"*'! # %ee("/ *" +",(

e%s"! , %" e%*& !( *+e , s* 's *+e %ee("/ %"/ %3'*% %& %%es*. D' e%e! e

%'! ' ,e 's @ *+e , '/ *+ * %"() *'$e s" 'e*& w',, '! "% "% *e '!e ) ,'*'es#

3)* * es s*e s *" '/ %"$e *+e "s'*'"! " *+e !ee('es* /e/3e%s " s" 'e*&.

T+'s /e !s *+ * *+'s %'! ' ,e ,,"ws )s *" / 5'/'=e 3e!e '* "% *+e ,e s*

($ !* e !( '* 's )se( '! 3)s'!ess '!s*'*)*'"! *" %e *'! ! e ' 'e!* s*% *e &

'! "%(e% *" / ! e *+e'% %es")% es *" s)%$'$e '! *+e "/ e*'*'$e / % e*. T+e

, s* %'! ' ,e " '% e ) ,'*& " " "%*)!'*& 's @ *+e , '/ *+ * e$e%&"!e s+"),(

3e '$e! ! e ) , " "%*)!'*& *" ) ,' & "% *+e /"%e %'$',e e( "s'*'"!s '!

s" 'e*&:s '!s*'*)*'"!s. .11; T+'s %'! ' ,e 's %e *e( *" %e$e!* *+e % ' ,

!( se5) , ('s %'/'! *'"! %"/ J"3 ) ,' ' *'"! "% *+e (es'% 3,e ?"3s. T+e%e

%e *w" '/ '! %& s'*) *'"!s *+ * R w,s %e *e( s) + s "%' '! , "s'*'"! !(

$e', " ' !"% ! e. O%' '! , "s'*'"! w s @A! '/ '! %& /ee*'! " % *'"! , se, -

'!*e%es*e( e%s"!s w+" + s *" +""se *+e %'! ' ,es " ?)s*' e 3& w+' + *+e'%

s" 'e*& w',, 3e "$e%!e( w+',e $e', " ' !"% ! e w s @T+e %e )'%e/e!* *+ *

e%s"!s '! *+e "%' '! , "s'*'"!s /)s* !"* !"w %*' ), %s 3")* *+e/se,$es

w+' + /' +* 3' s *+e'% +"' es.. .116

B se( "! *+e se 3"$e# we ! !"w *+ * I!(' ! "/ !& $'", *e(*+e %'! ' ,e " e ) , ,'3e%*& *+ * R w,s e5 , '!e( 3"$e. I!(' ! "/ !&

$'", *e( *+e %ee("/ " , 5" !( B%'s*", C"/ !& s *+e / ?"% "/ !&

w+" +e,( *+e *e!*s " *+'s /e(' '!e s *+e'% e%s"! , %" e%*&. T+'s w s

w+e%e ?)s*' e %' +* s+"),( 3e '/ , !*e( *" *+'s se s'! e *+e 3' (%)

'!()s*%'es %e e'$e( )! '% s'*) *'"! %"/ I!(' ! "/ !&. T+e %e s"! *+'s

s'*) *'"! w s )! '% 3e )se *+e / ?"% "/ !& s) + s , 5" !( B%'s*",


15/23

2046900

w"),( ,"ss +) e %" '* %"/ se,,'! *+e'% "w! %"() * !( *+e%e "%e '* w"),(

e e * *" *+e'% w"% e%s *+ * + ( *+e %es "!s'3,e *" %"() e *+e /e(' '!e !(

("'! *+e %ese % + *" (e$e," *+'s '!( " (%) *" 3e 3e**e% *+ ! 3e "%e. , 5"

!( B%'s*", + ( ,s" ,"sses *+e'% *'/e# /"!e !( *"" +) e %'s '! ("'!

*+e %ese % + 3")* *+'s " * ', /e(' '!e *+ * 3e /e *+e /e(' '!e *+ * AIDS

*'e!* !ee(e( '! "%(e% *" '$e *+e/ ,"! ,'$e.

H"we$e%# '* 's ,s" )! '% "% *+e s)3-S + % ! A %' ! *'"! s'(e s *+e

""% ")!*%& *+ * ("es !"* + $e /"!e& *" 3)& *+e " * ', /e(' '!e *+ *

, 5" !( "*+e% 3' "/ !'es " e%e(. B se( "! *+e %ese % +# *+e $e% e

!!) , '! "/e '! s)3-S + % ! A %' e% e%s"! 's ?)s* >;00 !( *+e& + $e *"

3)& *+e /e(' '!e *+ * "s* >10#000 *" >1;#000 &e %# w+' + 's '/ "ss'3,e *"

(". , 5"# B%'s*", !( "*+e% "/ !'es %e !"* '% e!") + '! "s*'! *+e'%

%"() * *" *+e (e$e," '! ")!*%'es s'! e *+e $e% e '! "/e e% e%s"! '!

(e$e," '! ")!*%'es %e s/ ,,e% *+ * *+e $e% e '! "/e e% e%s"! '!

(e$e," ")!*%'es *+ * e5 ee( >40#000 e% &e % "% e + e%s"!.

E + %*& "! *+'s se + s ! ($ !* e !( ('s ($ !* e %"/

se,,'! !( 3)&'! *+'s " * ',s /e(' '!e. T+e%e %e / !& % )/e!* *+ *

e + %*& "),( % )e s'! e *+e%e %e !" %e , ?)s*' e *+ * ! e5's* '! *+'s

w"%,(. H"we$e%# 3 se( "! *+e se *+ * I ! ,&=e( 3"$e# , 5"S/'*+K,'!e

w s e**'! ! )! '% s'*) *'"! w+e%e I!(' ! "/ !'es " 'e( !( %"() e(

*+e /e(' '!e ',,e ,,& w'*+")* !& e%/'ss'"! %"/ *+e 3' (%) "/ !'es s

*+e "/ !& w+" +e,( *+e *e!* " *+e /e(' '!e.


16/23

2046900

E. CARE

C %e *+e"%& 's "!e " *+e + %(es* e*+' , %'! ' ,es *" 3e ! ,&=e(

s'! e we !ee( *" + $e %e!ess ee,'! '! "%(e% *" 3)',( ""( %e, *'"!s+'

w'*+ "!e !"*+e%. T+'s *+e"%& 's " )s'! "! *+e % )/e!* *+ * e + e%s"!

%e )'%es *" s+"w +'s "% +e% %'! %e, *'"!s+' w'*+ "*+e%s !( + s *" 3e

$ ,) 3,e !( !)%*)%e(. H $'! ""( %e, *'"!s+' w'*+ "*+e%s w',, ,s" '$e

/ !& 3e!e '* "% '!('$'() , "% "% !'= *'"! s'! e *+e%e %e ,"* + ! e *" "%/

%*!e%s+' *+ * + $e *+e s /e $'s'"! !( /"**" '! (e$e," '! *+e'%

3)s'!ess.

B se( "! e, s )e=:s 3"" # e*+' " %e 's @ A! e*+' *+ * %e )'%es

%'! "% *+e "! %e*e we,, 3e'! " *+"se %*' ), % e%s"!s w'*+ w+"/ we

+ $e $ ,) 3,e ,"se %e, *'"!s+' s# %*' ), %,& *+"se (e e!(e!* "! )s. .

121 we ! '!( *+ * *+'s *+e"%& * , s 3")* +"w we 3)',( $ ,) 3,e

%e, *'"!s+' w'*+ "*+e%s s ! '!('$'() ,. M"%e"$e%# *+e%e %e *w" /"% ,

(e/ !(s *+ * e/ + s'=es *+e e*+' " %e s) + s#

1. We e + e5's* '! we3 " %e, *'"!s+' s !( s+"),( %ese%$e !(

!)%*)%e *+"se "! %e*e !( $ ,) 3,e %e, *'"!s+' s we + $e w'*+ s e ' '

e%s"!s.

2. We e + s+"),( e5e% 'se s e ' , %e "% *+"se *" w+"/ we %e

"! %e*e,& %e, *e(. . 121

T+'s )"* *'"! s)// %'=e( ,, " *+e '/ "%* !* "'!*s '! %e *+e"%&. B se( "!

*+'s s)// %'= *'"!# we "),( '!$es*' *e *+e , 5" !( B%'s*", se '!*" s"/e

"'!*s.


17/23

2046900

B se( "! *+'s '!*%"() *'"! 3"$e# we ! see *+ * , 5"S/'*+K,'!e

!( "*+e% 3' "/ !'es we%e !"* s+"w! *+e'% %e *" *+e e" ,e '! s)3-

S + % ! A %' . T+e& %e ?)s* *+'! '! 3")* *+e'% "/ !'es: %" '*# w+' + !

3e (e %e se ' *+e "/ !'es se,, *+e %"() * '! ,"w %' e. T+'s '!( "

%es e * ("es !"* /"% ,,& "%%e * s'! e we "),( see *+ * s'! e *+e "/ !&

e "'s/ *" / '!* '! *+e'% %' e# *+e%e %e / !& e" ,e ('e !( ,"s'! *+e'%

)*)%e 3e )se " *+e ('se se *+ * *+e& s) e%e( !( *+e%e %e !" "*+e% w & *"

)%e *+'s HI AIDS $'%)s. F)%*+e%/"%e# we ! see *+ * ,, " *+'s 3' (%)

"/ !'es %e !"* *%&'! *" 3)',( ""( %e, *'"!s+' w'*+ *+e ""% ! *'"!s

s'! e *+e& %e ?)s* '$'! s/ ,, ('s ")!* %"/ *+e "%' '! , %' e. T+e%e "%e#

s)3-S + % ! A %' ! e" ,e s*',, + $e %"3,e/ '! "%(e% *" 3)& *+'s " * ',

/e(' '!e %"/ , 5"S/'*+K,'!e !( "*+e% 3' "/ !'es.

O! *+e "*+e% + !(# I!(' ! "/ !& s+"ws *+e " "s'*e s'(e %e *'"!

%"/ w+ * *+e 3' (%) "/ !'es ('( '! %es "!('! *+'s %"3,e/. I!(' !

"/ !& s+"ws +'s %e *" e" ,e w+" s) e%e( *+e AIDS ('se se !( ,'$e(

'! *+e ""% ")!*%& s) + s s)3-S + % ! A %' . T+'s '!( " %es e * ), 's

w %(e( *" *+e I!(' ! (%) "/ !& s'! e *+e& s+"we( *+e'% %e ee,'! !(

+e, *+e *'e!* *" e* ,"! ,'$e !( + ( !ew ,' e s +e ,*+& e%s"!. T+'s

*'"! ,s" s+"we( *+ * I!(' ! D%) "/ !& %e *e( *+e ""( %e, *'"!s+'w'*+ "*+e% ""% ")!*%'es !( !)%*)%e( *+e'% %e, *'"!s+' s'! e *+e& we%e %e (&

*" s) ,& *+e /e(' '!e w'*+ ,"we% %' e *" *+e ""% ")!*%'es es e ' ,,& s)3-

S + % ! A %' !( +e, e( *+e WHO '! "%(e% *" s) ,& *+e /e(' '!e *+ * w s

3e'! )se( '! AIDS *%e */e!*.


18/23

2046900

B se( "! *+'s %e *+e"% we "),( see *+ * I!(' ! C"/ !& s+"we(

*+e'% %e *" 3e '!$",$e( '! %e$e!*'! *+e (e ,"&/e!* " *+e HI AIDS $'%)s '!

,, " *+e (e$e," '! ")!*%'es. T+'s *+e"%& see/s w"% *" '(e!*' & w+' +

%*'es *+ * '!$",$e( we%e /"% ,,& "%%e * 3 se( "! %e *+e"%&.


19/23

2046900

F. IRTUE

I! e!e% ,# we !"w *+ * $'%*)e 's $e%& '/ "%* !* '! "%(e% *" 3)',(

""( %e, *'"!s+' w'*+ "*+e%s. '%*)e *+e"%& 's /"%e " )s'! "! + % *e%s "%

+ 3'* " e + e%s"!. T+'s *+e"%& 's $e%& + %( *" ! ,&=e 3e )se e$e%&

e%s"! + s (' e%e!* + % *e% !( ! 3e + ! e( '! / !& '% )/s* ! es.

T+e / ?"% e e * *+ * ! '! ,)e! e e + e%s"! + % *e%'s*' 's *+e

e!$'%"!/e!* w+e%e *+e& ,'$e !( *+e'% '!*e% *'"! *" w+ * '!( " e" ,e !e %

+'s "% +e% e!$'%"!/e!*.

B se( "! e, s )e= 3"" # *+e )*+"% s* *es *+ * '%*)e *+e"%& 's @ A!

)'%e( ('s "s'*'"! *+ * 's $ ,)e( s %* " *+e + % *e% " /"% ,'*& ""(

+)/ ! 3e'! !( *+ * 's e5+'3'*e( '! *+e e%s"!:s + 3'*) , 3e+ $'"%. . 127

T+'s /e !s *+ * *+'s *+e"%& 's 3 se( "! *+e + % *e%'s*' " e + e" ,e s) +

s $'%*)e " +"!es*, $'%*)e " ee,'! # !( / !& "*+e%s. I! e5 / ,e# ' we )se

$'%*)e " +"!es*, '* /e !s *+ * *+'s e%s"! + s $e%& ""( **'*)(e *+ * *+'s

e%s"! ,w &s *e,,s *+e *%)*+ !( w',, ee, )! "/ "%* 3,e w+e! +e "% s+e ,'es.

T+'s 's "!e " *+e %*' ), % *+ * e" ,e# s +)/ ! 3e'! !ee(s *" + $e '!

*+e'% ,' e *" 3)',( %e('3','*& %"/ "*+e% '!('$'() , "% "% !'= *'"!. T+'s $'%*)e

*+e"%& + s ")% (' e%e!* '(e s# w+' + "/es %"/ /")s +',"s" +e% s) +

s A%'s*"*,e# T+"/ s A )'! s# A, s( '% M '!*&%e !( E(/)!( L. '! " s.

M"%e"$e%# '! 3)s'!ess e*+' s# *+e %",e " '! " s: $'%*)e *+e"%& 's $e%&

'/ "%* !* '! ! ,&='! /"s* " *+e se %"3,e/. B se( "! @E*+' , %'! ' ,e

'! 3)s'!ess 3"" s* *es# @ '! " s $'%*)es %e ('s "s'*'"!s we )se w+e!

+""s'! 3e*wee! e%s"!s "% "*e!*' , )*)%e se,$es. . 1 0 w+',e +e


20/23

2046900

% )es *+ *# @ '%*)es s+"),( 3e )!(e%s*""( '! *e%/s " *+e %",, *+e& , & '!

+)/ ! ,' e. . 1 1

A "%('! *" *+e se 3"$e# , 5"S/'*+K,'!e C"/ !& !( "*+e%s

" e%e( *+e /e(' '!e w'*+ +' + %' e !( e" ,e w+" ,'$e( '! (e$e," '!

")!*%'es w s + %( *" 3)& *+'s '!( " /e(' '!e. T+'s s'*) *'"! w"),( + %/ *+e

""% ")!*%'es es e ' ,,& '! +)/ !'* %' ! *e%/s s'! e e$e%&3"(& *%'e( +'s 3es*

*" e* /"%e /"!e& e**'! *+e /e(' '!e "% e5 / ,e# *+e& "),( %"3e *+e

3 ! # s*",e "*+e%s %" e%*& !( / !& %'/'! ,'*& "),( + e! * *+ * *'/e.

T+'s "/ !& $'", *e( *+e $'%*)e *+e"%& s'! e $'%*)e *+e"%& /e !s# @ we

s+"),( $"'( e5e% 's'! # e5+'3'*'! # !( (e$e," '! $' es. . 1 2 As we

! see# , 5"S/'*+K,'!e !( "*+e% "/ !& ('( !"* s+"w *+e'% ""( * '!

+e, '! ""% ")!*%'es *" e* *+e /e(' '!e 3e )se " *+e'% %ee(& ! *)%e *+ *

*+e& w !*e( *" / 5'/'=e *+e'% %" '* w'*+")* *+'! '! " "*+e% e" ,e ,' e.

T+ese "/ !'es we%e ,s" ,'e( 3")* *+e'% '! ! ' , s'! e *+e %e s"! *+e&

('( !"* w !* *" %e() e *+e %' e " *+e /e(' '!e 3e )se '* "),( + %/ *+e

"/ !& !( *+e "/ !& w"),( !"* 3e 3,e *" "!*'!)e *+e %ese % + *"

(e$e," *+'s '!( " /e(' '!e. H"we$e%# 3 se( "! *+e %ese % +# ,, " *+'s

"/ !& s*',, + ( +) e %" '* e$e! *+") + *+e& we%e se,,'! *+e /e(' '!e

w'*+ ,"w %' e *" *+e ""% ")!*%'es. B se( "! *+e ses 3"$e# @G s+"we(*+ * '* w s we,, w'*+'! *+e '*& " *+e 3' (%) "/ !'es *" ,"we% %' es

"% AIDS (%) s *" *+e (e$e," '! ")!*%'es... @ 3 NEWS ses T+'s '!( "

*'"! $'", *es *+e $'%*)e " +"!es*& *+ * 3e "/es "!e " *+e / '! $'%*)es *+ *

's $e%& '/ "%* !* '! "%(e% *" / '!* '! e" ,e:s + % *e% *" $"'( $' es.


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I! (('*'"!# *+'s *+e"%& see/s w"% *" (e*e%/'!e w+' + %*& 's s+"w!

*" 3e /"% ,,& e *e( 3 se( "! $'%*)e *+e"%&. As we ! see *+ * I!(' ! D%)

C"/ !& s+"we( *+e'% ")% e '! +e, '! *+e ""% ")!*%'es !( +"!es*& '!

*e,,'! *+e *%)*+ *+ * *+'s "/ !& s",( !( " 'e( *+e s /e /e(' '!e s *+e

3' (%) "/ !'es %"() e(.


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. CONCLUSION

B se( "! '$e *+e"%'es *+ * I e5 , '! 3"$e# *+e%e %e / !& % )/e!*s

e %e( s'! e e + " *+e *+e"%& + s *+e'% "w! %"$'s'"! '! (e*e%/'!'!

w+' + 's e*+' , "% )!e*+' ,. I! e5 / ,e# '! )*','* %' !'s/ *+e"% we ! see

*+ * *+e%e %e "s* !( 3e!e '* %"/ e + %*& *+ * '!$",$e( '! *+'s se. We

! '(e!*' & $e%& ,e %,& *+e e!*'%e ,*e%! *'$e *+ * 's s+"w! '! *+'s se. I!

R' +* *+e"% '* s+"w! *+ * I!(' ! C"/ !& %es e *s *+e %' +* " e$e%& e" ,e

*" + $e ,"! ,' e e$e! *+") + '! ""% ")!*%'es. I! J)s*' e *+e"% we !

see *+ * , 5"S/'*+K,'!e !( "*+e% 3' "/ !'es %e e'$e( )! '% s'*) *'"!

w+' + I!(' ! "/ !& w s , ' %'=e( *+e'% /e(' '!e "%/), w'*+")* !&

%ee/e!* "% "!*% *) , "!*% *. T+'s s'*) *'"! "),( e * *+e

, 5"S/'*+K,'!e '! ! ' , !( (e %e se *+e'% %" '*. I! %e *+e"% we !

see *+ * I!(' ! C"/ !& see/s s+"w'! *+e'% %e!ess *" ""% ")!*%'es !(

+e, *+e ")!*%'es *" %e$e!* *+e AIDS ('se se 3& %"() '! *+e /e(' '!e *+ *

! (e %e se *+e !)/3e% " AIDS *'e!* !( + ! e *+e'% ,' e. I! '%*)e# '*

see/s *+ * , 5"S/'*+K,'!e 's $'", *e( *+e $'%*)e *+e"%& s'! e *+'s "/ !&

s+"we( *+e'% $' es **'*)(es s) + s %ee( se, 's+# ,' %# !( %%" !*.

I! /& " '!'"!# I *+'! *+ * I!(' ! (%) "/ !'es ('( *+e %' +* *+'! *"

%"() e *+e !*'%e*%"$'% , /e(' '!e *" +e, ""% ")!*%'es. T+'s *'"! s+"we(

*+ * I!(' + ( se!se " %e *" AIDS *'e!* *+ * ,'$e( '! *+e ""% ")!*%'es.

O! *+e "*+e% + !(# , 5"S/'*+K,'!e !( "*+e% 3' "/ !& s+"we( *+e'%

se, 's+ + % *e%'s*' s'! e *+'s "/ !& ?)s* w"%%'e( 3")* *+e'% "/ !&:

)*)%e '! ! ' , % *+e% *+ ! *+'! '! 3")* "*+e% e" ,e ,' e. T+e%e "%e# I *+'!


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*+ * SK w s ("'! )!e*+' , *'"! s'! e *+e& $'", *e( / !& e*+' , *+e"%'es

*+ * I + $e ,%e (& e5 , '!e( 3"$e.

B se( "! *+e '$e e*+' , %'! ' ,es 3"$e# I *+'! *+ * *+e /"s* )se ),

*+e"%& *+ * ! 3e )se( *" ! ,&=e *+'s se 's $'%*)e *+e"%&. As we see# SK

C"/ !& $'", *es ,, " *+e e,e/e!* *+ * (es %'3es *+e (e '!'*'"! " *+e $'%*)e

*+e"%&. T+'s "/ !& s+"ws ,, " *+e $' es# w+' + 's *+e " "s'*e " *+e $'%*)e

*+e"%&. T+e '%s* $'", *'"! *+ * *+'s "/ !& ('( w s *+'s "/ !& ('( !"* w !*

*" / e ,"we% *+e'% %' e '! se,,'! *+e'% /e(' '!e '! (e$e," '! ")!*%'es

3e )se " *+e '! ! ' , %e s"!. T+'s * s+"ws *+ * *+'s "/ !& 's %ee(&

s'! e *+e& ?)s* *+'! 3")* / 5'/'='! *+e'% "/ !&:s %" '* % *+e% *+ !

*+'! '! 3")* "*+e% e" ,e s e*&. Se "!(# *+'s "/ !& $'", *es *+e $'%*)e "

+)/3,e s'! e *+'s "/ !& ("es !"* %e 3")* *+e *'e!* w+" ,'$es '!

(e$e," '! ")!*%'es +"w '! ), *+e& ,'$e w'*+")* *+e e5 e!s'$e /e(' '!e *+ *

*+'s 3' "/ !& %"() e(. SK see/s e!?"& *+e'% +) e %" '* "$e% *+e AIDS

*'e!* s) e%'! . T+'s '!( " s'*) *'"! ',,)s*% *e *+ * *+e "/ !& 's %%" !*

!( ("es !"* s+"w *+e'% %e *" "*+e%s.

I! "! ,)s'"!# SK *'"! *" *+e s)3-S + % ! A %' %e '"! 's

)!e*+' , s'! e *+e& ('( !"* s+"w +'s %es e * *" AIDS *'e!*s '! (e$e," '!

")!*%'es. A "%('! *" *+e *+e"%& " $'%*)e# e + '!('$'() , "% "% !'= *'"!s

!ee(s *" s+"w *+e'% ('s "s'*'"!s " ""( + % *e%'s*' !( s* & w & %"/ *+e

$' es + % *e%'= *'"!.

Final Ethics Submit

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