Final Draft 3-Proposal.tech Com

7/25/2019 Final Draft 3-Proposal.tech Com

1/28

POLYTECHNIC UNIVE RSITY OF THE PHIL IPP I NES

CHAPTER I

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter discusses the problem to be investigated and the brief overview on

effectiveness of different programming languages in fifth year Computer Engineering

students in Polytechnic University of the Philippines Manila.

Introduction

Programming is the process of instructing or learning by means of an instructional

program. Through this, programmers come up with different systems and practical

applications that are beneficial to humanity. Different programming languages used by

the programmers can run programs. Likewise, applying the basic knowledge in

programming and logical thinking in creating algorithms, a programmer may yield into

a simple yet functional and advantageous output. Programs are designed to help in

organizing, sorting, classifying or collecting data of the user/s. This will lessen the time

consumed in organizing data that may result to a more productive activity.

Globally, computer related courses are interesting to graduating high school

students because of job demands. According to Ed Lazowska,the Bill & Melinda Gates

Chair in Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington Kids are

waking up. Every field is becoming an information field, and if you can program at a

level beyond an intro course, its a huge value to you. This implies that the students or
http://www.cs.washington.edu/people/faculty/lazowska/http://www.cs.washington.edu/people/faculty/lazowska/http://www.cs.washington.edu/people/faculty/lazowska/


2/28


programmers may benefit from programming. It will make them realize how

programming can help them achieve being proficient to it, but also securing future jobs.

C, C++, Java, Cobol, Python etc. are some examples of programming languages

used by the programmers. They are some of the existing hundreds of programming

languages and continue to grow. Its a well designed, beautiful language, but its not at

all compatible with PHP. Everytime I need to call to PHP from the Scala part of the

code base, Ill lose performance speed. We would have liked to use an existing language

but for us, it just wasnt an option. Julien Verlaguet, a core developer on Facebooks

Hack team, said. His citation denotes that existing programming languages create

efficient program, however programmers create more effective programing languages to

produce a better one. Having the knowledge of different programming languages may

help the computer engineering students or programmers in establishing business and

promoting effective communication.

The fifth year computer engineering students in Polytechnic University of the

Philippines Manila with total population of 200 students have encountered different

programming languages throughout their course. Indicating that fifth year computer

engineering students have already familiarized themselves with different programming

languages. This study will determine the effectiveness of different programming

languages in fifth year computer engineering students in PUP.


3/28


Background of the Study

Contribution of programming is very invaluable and significant in our present

years. In fact, programmers are in high demand and essential to global market. Last

February 9, 2015, codeeval, a community of the worlds top developers to practice and

compete on code challenges, released a study showing that Python is the most popular

coding language of 2015. In contrast, according to a study about the ten most popular

programming languages published last June 1, 2015 by Larry Kim, Founder and CTO of

WordStream, Java is the most popular programming language used by the programmers.

It is considered as the core foundation for developing Android Apps, making it a

favorite of many programmers. These researches prove that the trend of the most

popular programming languages used by the programmers varies within a short period

of time. Thus, these examples are great help for computer engineering students or

programmers.

Theoretical Framework

The study focused on effectiveness of different programming languages in fifth year

Computer Engineering students in PUP. Some theories contributed greatly to the study

to better understand the problem at hand.

Constructivism Theory: According to Bruner, learning is an active process. Facets

of the process include selection and transformation of information, decision making,


4/28

INPUT:

*Profle o theRespondents

-Name

-CourseYear&Section

*i!erentPro"rammin"#an"ua"es

-$uestionnaire

PR%CSS:

*'atherin" oInormation

*Ta(ulatin" oInormations

*)nal+ation othe "atheredinormations

%UTPUT:

!ecti,eness oi!erent

Pro"rammin"#an"ua"es in

ith YearComputer

n"ineerin"Students inPoltechnicUni,ersit oPhilippines


generating hypotheses, and making meaning from information and experiences. Bruner's

theories emphasize the significance of categorization in learning. "To perceive is to

categorize, to conceptualize is to categorize, to learn is to form categories, to make

decisions is to categorize." Interpreting information and experiences by similarities and

differences is a key concept. Bruner gave much attention to categorization of

information in the construction of internal cognitive maps. He believed that perception,

conceptualization, learning, decision making, and making inferences all involved

categorization.

Conceptual Framework

The Conceptual Framework explains the processes in this study. The figure below

shows the flow of the study which is composed of INPUT, PROCESS, and OUTPUT.


5/28


The first frame which is the INPUT shows the basic information of the respondents

including their opinions in different programming languages.

The second frame is PROCESS, it shows the procedure that the researchers used.

The researchers used questionnaire to be able to get information to the respondents

about their insights in different programming languages.

The third frame includes the OUTPUT, it shows the result in the study made by the

researchers. The result will show the effectiveness of different programming languages

to the respondents.

Statement of the Problem

This aims to determine the effectiveness of different programming languages in

fifth year Computer Engineering students in Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Manila.

Specifically, this study sought answers to the following questions related to

effectiveness of programming languages:

1. What are the five programming languages you commonly used?

a. Bash

b. C

c. C#

d. C++

e. Go


6/28


f. Haskell

g. Java

h. Javascript

i. Objective C

j. Perl

k. Python

l. Ruby

m. Scala

n. Visual Basic.NET

o. Others: ______________

2. What is the most user-friendly programming language you have used?

a. Bash

b. C

c. C#

d. C++

e. Go

f. Haskell

g. Java

h. Javascript

i. Objective C

j. Perl


7/28


k. Python

l. Ruby

m. Scala

n. Visual Basic.NET

o. Others: ______________

3. What is/are the advantage/s of the most user-friendly programming language you

choose?

4. What is/are the practical application/s of the most user-friendly programming

language?

Scopes and Limitations

This study will focus on the effectiveness of different programming languages in

fifth year Computer Engineering students in Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Manila. The advantages, disadvantages (if any) and practical applications will also be

discussed.

Significance of the Study

The main purpose of the study is to show a comparative table or diagram of the

effectiveness of different programming languages in fifth year Computer Engineering

students in Polytechnic University of the Philippines Manila. The study will determine

the programming languages commonly used by the students and the most user-friendly


8/28


programming language. This examines and better understands the advantages and

disadvantages (if any) of each of the programming languages. It will also cite some

practical applications of each of the programming languages.

The Department of Computer Engineering: The result of the study will serve as

a guideline for the Department of Computer Engineerings syllabus or course outline. It

may result to a more effective approach of teaching of different programming

languages.

The Teachers, Instructors, Professors and/or Faculty Members: This will ease

the teaching staffs to let their students engage with different programming languages.

The Computer Engineering students: This may initiate the computer engineering

students to explore and to pioneer new programming languages that are more convenient

than the existing ones.

Definition of Terms

Computer Programming- The process of developing and implementing various

sets of instructions to enable a computer to do a certain task. These instructions are

considered computer programs and help the computer to operate smoothly. The

language used to program computers is not understood by an untrained eye (Bussiness

Dictionary).


9/28


So it is mostly done by professionals and students especially computer related

courses. It uses many types of software for a specific programming language for it to run

effectively.

Effectiveness- to know the most convenient and more suitable programming

language for all types of program and its universality to be used in making any program.

Fifth year Computer Engineering Students- students on their final year in college

who are already familiar with many kinds of programming languages.

Programming Language- A language used to write instructions for the computer.

It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to

machine-specific details (PC Magazine Encyclopedia).

Used by programming students to create a program. General name for JAVA, C, C+

+, etc.


10/28


CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter discusses some literature and studies related to this study, and

advantages, disadvantages and practical applications of different programming

languages.

Foreign Literature

There are numerous Programming Language that are created, developed, and used

by certain persons, specifically computer programmers. The Different Programming

Languages encourage these people to think about problems in different ways.

Eventhough there are numbers of Programming Languages, they still perform different

types of work, they still have their specialization, and each languages have its

advantages and disadvantages. But what is a Programming Language?

According to some books, sites and related articles. Programming Language can be

defined as:

a language intended for use by a person to express a process by which a

computer can solve a problem.- (Hope and Jipping)

a set of conventions for communicating an algorithm" - (E. Horowitz)

a notation designed to connect instructions to a machine or a computer. -

(Edgefxkits International)


11/28


Programming Languages are used to regulate the rendition of a machine or computer.

There are two basic types of Programming Language.

A. High-Level Programming Language

a program written in high-level programming language are called source

program or source text. (Krishnamurthi et al., 2012)

are basically symbolic languages that use English words and/or mathematical

symbols rather than mnemonic codes.

Some types of High-level Programming Language are:

1. Algebraic Formula-Type Processing

are oriented toward the computational procedures for solving mathematical and

statistical problems.

Examples:

BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)

FORTRAN (Formula Translation)

PL/I (Programming Language, Version 1)

ALGOL (Algorithmic Language)


12/28


APL (A Programming Language)

2. Business Data Processing

are best able to maintain data processing procedures and problems involved in

handling files.

Some examples include:

COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)

RPG (Report Program Generator)

3. String and List Processing

are used for string manipulation, including search patterns and inserting and

deleting characters.

Examples are:

LISP (List Processing)

Prolog (Program in Logic)

4. Visual Programming Language

are designed for building Windows-based applications.


13/28


Examples are:

Visual Basic

Visual Java

Visual C

B. Low-Level Programming Languages

The computer can only understand and execute instructions given in the form of

machine language i.e. binary. Types: Machine Language and Assembly

Language.

1. Machine Language

a programming language directly executed and interpreted by a computer.

2. Assembly Language

a symbolic language with an instruction set that basically one-on-one with the

machine language.

According to Istvn Juhsz and gnes Korotij's book entitled Programming

Languages (2012), it include the classifications of programming language. Namely:


14/28


I. Imperative (algorithmic) languages

When the programmer writes a program text in these languages, he or she codes an

algorithm, and this algorithm makes the processor work.

The program is a sequence of statements. The most important programming feature

is the variable, which provides direct access to the memory, and makes it possible to

directly manipulate the values stored within.

Sub-groups:

1. Procedural Programming Language

is used to execute a sequence of statements which lead to a result. Typically, this

type of programming language uses multiple variables, heavy loops and other

elements, which separates them from functional programming languages.

2. Object-oriented Programming Language

It views the world as a collection of objects that have internal data and external

means of accessing parts of that data. The goal of object-oriented programming

is to think about the problem separating it into a collection of objects that

provide services that can be used to solve a particular problem.


15/28


II. Declarative (non-algorithmic) languages

The programmer has to present only the problem, as the mode of the solution is

included in language implementations. The programmer

cannot perform memory operations, or just in a limited way.

Sub-groups:

1. Functional (applicative) Programming languages

It uses stored data, frequently avoiding loops in favor of recursive functions. The

functional programmings primary focus is on the return values of functions, and side

effects and different suggests that storing state are powerfully discouraged.

2. Logic Programming languages

It allows programmers to make declarative statements and then allow the computer

to reason about the consequences of those statements.

III. Other languages

This category comprises languages which do not fall into any of the above

mentioned groups. These languages do not have much in common, apart from the fact

that they generally deny one or more imperative features.


16/28


Foreign Studies

Programming Languages haves it own flaws and capabilities. This article discuss

the advantages and disadvantages of the Languages that falls to the two basic types.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Programming Language

Programming Languages have its own strenghts and weaknesses, that the

programmer need to deal with. Below are the advantages and disadvantages as said by

some computer programmers. (Dream-in-code, 2007)

1. Low-Level Programming Language

Advantages(ML/AL)

1. takes less storage.

2. useful for writing system programs.

3. makes fast and efficient use of the computer.

Disadvantages (ML/AL)

1. difficult to write because binary system is not user-friendly to human.


17/28


2. the programmer has to keep track of the storage of data and instructions.

3. machine dependent.

4. All operation codes have to be memorized.

5. Hard to amend and find errors in a program.

2. High-Level Programming Language

Advantages

1. user-friendly

2. more portable and can be executed by different computers.

3. easier to write, read, and modify.

4. independent on the machine which it is used.

Disadvantages

1. The object code generated by a translator might be inefficient compared to an

equivalent assembly language program.

2. It has to be translated into the machine language by a translator which takes time.

3. Some high-level programming language are not suited for low-level programming.


18/28


4. Other programming languages under the high-level needs to perform in a specific

application.

According to TIOBE Software Website, posted by the English 4 IT as of June 2009,

the top 10 most popular programming languages are:

1. Java

Java uses a compiler, and is an object-oriented language released in 1995 by Sun

Microsystems. Java is a well-organized language with a strong library of reusable

software components.

Strengths: Code portable, most popular

Weaknesses: dawdler than domestic compiled languages

2. C

C is a compiled, procedural language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie for use

in the UNIX operating system. Although designed to be portable in nature, C programs

must be specifically compiled for computers with different architectures and operating

systems.

Strengths: Speediness, widely-used

Weaknesses: The memory management can be formidable to overcome.


19/28


3. C++

C++ is a compiled, multi-paradigm language written as an update to C in 1979 by

Bjarne Stroustrup. It attempts to be backwards-compatible with C and brings object-

orientation, which helps in larger projects.

Strengths: Speediness

Weaknesses: Older and considered more handless than newer object-oriented languages

such as Java or C#.

4. PHP

PHP uses a run-time interpreter, and is a multi-paradigm language originally

developed in 1996 by Rasmus Lerdorf to create dynamic web pages. As of now, PHP is

the most popular language used to write web applications.

Strengths: Web programming, valid documentations

Weaknesses: Incoherent syntax, too many ways to do the same thing.

5. VB ( or Visual Basic )


20/28


Visual Basic is an interpreted, multi-paradigm language developed by Microsoft

Corporation for the Windows platform. Visual Basic is a good language for scripting

Windows applications that do not need the power and speed of C#.

Strengths: None.

Weaknesses: Only runs in Windows

6. Python

Python is an interpreted, multi-paradigm programming language written by Guid o

van Rossum in the late 1980's and intended for general programming purposes. Python

is characterized by its use of indentation for readability, and its encouragement for

elegant code by making developers do similar things in similar ways.

Strengths: Excellent readability and overall philosophy

Weaknesses: None

7. C#

C# is a compiled, object-oriented language written by Microsoft. It is an open

specification, but rarely seen on any non-Windows platform.

Strengths: Powerful and pretty fast


21/28


Weaknesses: Only suitable for Windows

8. JavaScript

JavaScript is an interpreted, multi-paradigm language. It is basically a language

meant to script behaviors in web browsers and used for things such as web form

validation and AJAX style web applications. The real name of this programming

language is ECMAscript.

Strengths: The only reliable way to do client-side web programming.

Weaknesses: Only useful in a web browser

9. Perl

Perl is an interpreted, multi-paradigm language written by Larry Wall in 1986. It is

characterized by a somewhat disorganized and scary-looking syntax which only makes

sense to other PERL programmers. Perl is the

best language for text processing and system administration scripting.

Strengths: text processing and system administration

Weaknesses: Strange syntax

10. Ruby


22/28


Ruby is an interpreted, object-oriented language written by Yukihiro Matsumoto

around 1995. It is one of the most object-oriented languages in the world. Everything is

object-oriented in Ruby, even letters and numbers can have method calls.

Strengths: Most object-oriented language

Weaknesses: The opposite of its superior object model is its speed.

Studies Tangentially Related

A Proposed Research of Jean Yang working together with Professor Greg

Morrisett. They conduct a reasearch on type system and polymorphism in

Haskell, a strongly typed functional language. Jean discussed her interess and

desire to use the programming languages. She enumerate the usefulness of

different programming languages and its funtions.

A book entitled Programming Languages: Application and Interpretation by

Shriram Krishnamurthi, Krishnamurthi together with his colleagues build up

programs like other programmers would.

They include mistakes because its the best way for their readers to learn. The

main programming language they used in this book is the Racket, which actually

supports a host of programming languages. Their book comprise certain topics

like parsing, coda, first look of Interpretation, Functions, Data types, etc. which

involve the programming language.


23/28


Local Literature

There are also studies and articles regarding the different programming languages

used by certain computer programmers here in the Philippines. These programmers

consider the top 10 most popular programming language (English 4 IT, 2015). As of the

present time programmers are high demand, their fluency in coding languages are

invaluable. According to Jay Fajardo, CEO at Proudcloud Codehead, he listed the most

asked language which is the Javascript. In Javascript, you can't escape having to know

this for client side functionality regardless of the server side stack you use. (Fajardo,

2013).


24/28


CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, sampling technique, the instruments,

procedures, and statistical treatments used in this study.

Research Methodology

This study was organized using quantitative design. Quantitative research design

helps to quantify the problem by generating numerical data or date that can be converted

into useable statistics. This is used to quantify behavior, opinions, attitudes, and other

defined variable that can be obtained from a sample population.

Research Design


25/28


This study was organized using quantitative design. Quantitative research design

uses measurable date to produce facts and uncover patterns in research. The collection

of data uses methods such as paper surveys, online surveys, telephone interview, online

polls, etc.

Description of the Subjects of the Study

Population

An ideal population would be all fifth year Computer Engineering students in

Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila. This includes regular

students and irregular students in fifth year level of Computer Engineering.

Sample

The study will be conducted in the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. The

total population of fifth year Computer Engineering students is 200. Thus, the sample

will include the total population to get an accurate results.

Research Instruments

Instrumentation

Instrumentation will include the different programming languages, advantages,

disadvantages and practical applications of each programming languages.


26/28


Reliability: The programming languages elaborated in the research are patterned in

previous researches about the most commonly used programming languages.

Validity: This instrument is valid until the trend in usage of different programming

languages remains constant.

Data-Gathering Procedure

1. The data will be gathered from the Polytechnic University of the Philippines through

a paper survey. We, researchers, will conduct a survey among the fifth year

Computer Engineering students in PUP to collect the necessary data.

2. Gathered data will be tallied and recorded for data analysis and computations.

3. In order to acquire accurate results, statisticians will guide us in data analysis.

Bibliography

Shriram Krishnamurthi. 2012. Programming Languages: Application and Interpretation

(Version Second Edition)

Professor Louis Steinberg, 401 Hill. Principles of Programming Languages


27/28


Istvn Juhsz and gnes Korotij. 2012. Programming Languages. pg 8-10. This

electronic book was prepared in the framework of project TMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-

2009-0046 Eastern Hungarian Informatics Books Repository.

Eric Suh. 2011. "The Tower of Babel -- A Comparison of Programming Languages."

Retrieved from http://www.cprogramming.com/langs.html

Dream-in-code. 2007. "Advantages or Disadvantages of Programming Languages."

Retrieved from www.dreamincode.net/forums/topic/27087-advantages

disadvantages-of-programming-languages/

Uwe Herman. 2015. Types of Computer Languages with Their Advantages and

Disadvantages. Retrieved from ninjacraze.hubpages.com/hub/Types-of-Computer-

Languages-with-Advantages-and-Disadvantages

Edgefxkits International. 2015. "What is the Programming Languages and its D

ifferences." Retrieved from efxkits.com/blog/types-of-programming- languages-

with-differences/

Jean Yang. (n.d) Research Proposal

English 4 IT. 2015. "Top 10 Most Popular Programming Languages." Retrieved from

www.english4it.com/unit/9/reading


28/28


Jay Fajardo. 2013. What is the most useful programming language or technology to l

earn in the Philippines? Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-most-

useful-programming-language-or-technology-to-learn-in-the-Philippines
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-most-https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-most-

Final Draft 3-Proposal.tech Com

Documents

Transcript of Final Draft 3-Proposal.tech Com