Presentation by:

Rajesh Paudel

Christina Alfred

Charnele McCrary

Noro Virus

4 more sickened at Hamilton Countyassisted-living facility

The columbus dispatch, Feb.22 Ohio

Norovirus outbreaks make cruise lines,passengers leery

Sundays Zaman, Feb.23, 2014

Headlines

What is Norovirus?

o Group of related single stranded RNA (Ribonucleic Acid), non enveloped viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis.

o Formerly called Norwalk-like Virus

o Highly contagious

o Cause of 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis

o Able to survive freezing and

high temperatures

TAXONOMY INFORMATION

Noroviruses are a genetically diverse group of

single-stranded ribonucleic acid

Non-enveloped virus, who belongs to the

Caliciviridae family

Norovirus can be divided into five distinct

genogroups: GI ,GII ,GIII ,GIV ,GV

The GI and GII and GIV Noroviruses infect

humans and

GIII Norovirus infects pigs and cows.

http://www.labmedica.com/microbiology/articles/294750071/molecular_assay_

Interesting Facts

Was discovered and named after a gastrointestinal illness outbreak in Norwalk, Ohio, in 1968

Norovirus virions can live in the environment for up to four weeks

often called a stomach bug -- in the United States, according to the CDC

Norovirus is called by other names including stomach flu, food poisoning and “cruise ship flu”

The virus can live in an infected person's stool for two weeks or more

http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/31/health/norovirus-facts-info/index.html

Norovirus causes about 21 million illnesses, 70,000

hospitalizations, and 800 deaths each year, according to

the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

www.cdc.gov/norovirus

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SYMPTOMS

• Symptoms usually start within

24 to 48 hours after exposure

• Inflammation in stomach

and intestines

• Stomach pain

• Nausea

• Diarrhea

• Fever

• Headache

• Body ache http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/preventing-infection.html

o Fecal-oral route

o Indirect contact with the virus on contaminated

surfaces.

o Via contaminated food and water

o Shellfish from sewage contaminated water

Transmission

Foods That Cause

Norovirus• Common foods that cause

outbreak

• Leafy greens (such as

lettuce),Fresh fruits, and

Shellfish (such as oysters).

• Raw Foods

• Restaurants are associated with

norovirus outbreaks twice as often

as cruise ships

Treatment options

There are no antiviral drugs for treatment of NorVoinfections

No vaccines are currently available

Illnesses usually last 24 to 72 hours

Dehydration is most common application

Sports drinks can help with mild dehydration, but water is best

You can also buy oral rehydration fluids over the counter at most drug and grocery stores

Getting too dehydrated is dangerous

In extreme cases, may have to be hospitalized to maintain and regain body fluids.

http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/31/health/norovirus-facts-info/index.html

Wash your hands frequently.

Disinfect household surfaces

Promptly

With Clorox bleach

Wash soiled clothing.

Avoid contaminated food or water.

Cook shellfish completely to kill the virus.

Avoid going to work or school if diarrhea appears.

Prevention

Christensen , J., & Wilson, J. (2014, January 31). Norovirus: The most common stomach bug. Retrieved February 22, 2014, from Si Shield Proven Protection: http://www.sishield.com/shield-your-cruise-lines-with-sishield/

Center For Disease Control and Prevention. (30, October 2013). Retrieved February 22, 2014, from NoroVirus: http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/

Health, O. o. (2013, January 30). NOROVIRUS INFECTIONS. Retrieved February 22, 2014, from Department of Health and Hospitals: http://new.dhh.louisiana.gov/assets/oph/Center-PHCH/Center-CH/infectious-epi/EpiManual/NorovirusManual.pdf

Mitchell, P. A. (2014, February 10). Daily Freeman News. Retrieved February 22, 2014, from Norovirus identified as source of Mohonkillnesses: http://www.dailyfreeman.com/general-news/20140210/norovirus-identified-as-source-of-mohonk-illnesses

writers, L. I. (2014, January 09). Lab Media. Retrieved February 22, 2014, from Molecular Assay Detects Norovirus in Fecal Specimens: http://www.labmedica.com/microbiology/articles/294750071/molecular_assay_detects_norovirus_in_fecal_specimens.html

Work Cited