SUMMER TRAINING REPORTOn

“Survey on rice varieties including hybrids in Kanpur Dehat district of Uttar

Pradesh”.

For

Dhanuka Agritech Limited Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of

MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISRATION(AGRI-BUSINESS)

2007-2009Submitted By: Sandeep Singh Parihar

(H-2007-MBA-40)

Department of Business ManagementCollege of Horticulture

Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (H.P.), India

0

List of content

Sr. No. Topic Page no.

1. Introduction A. Introduction of Rice 1-3B. Introduction of Company 4-10

2. Need of study 113. Objectives 124. Research methodology 13-145. Assumptions and Limitations 156. Analysis and Data interpretation 16-297. Results 30-318. Suggestions 32-339. Bibliography 3410. Appendix 35-40

1

DECLARATION

I am student of MBA (Agri-Business) in Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (H. P.). Hereby declared that training report entitled “Survey on rice varieties including hybrids in Kanpur Dehat district of Uttar Pradesh” is the outcome of my own and genuine work and the same has not been submitted to any other University/Institute for the award of any degree or professional Diploma.

Date- (SANDEEP SINGH PARIHAR)Place-

2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all I would like to thank almighty God who bestowed me with good health and courage to accomplish this task. I always felt His presence and blessings with me.

”Opportunities are given by God only to those who avails them. “

My journey through this challenging assignment has enriched me with knowledge and most valuable experience and sweet memories. Today when our endeavours have successfully reached its culmination, I look back with gratitude to one and all those generous help that has made this assignment come true. This acknowledgement may not be sufficient to express my gratitude towards the people who helped me in the completion of this project.

I would like to meet this opportunity to express my gratitude towards Dr. O. P. Singh, President, Dhanuka Agritech Limited for providing me an opportunity to work as a trainee.

I would also express my profound thanks to project guide Dr. A. K. Singh, Sr. Marketing Officer, Kanpur for his valuable help and guidance. Their constructive and directional recommendations were instrumental in making the project success.

I owe my special thanks to all the staff members of Dhanuka Agritech Limited for their kind backing as well as for their mutual aid providing me with the required information. I would like to thanks Dr. Y. S. Negi, Professor and Head, Department Of Business Management, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and forestry Nauni, Solan, (H.P.) for his moral support extended to me from time to time. Besides this I would also like to thanks the Administrators and Government organizations for providing me required information for to complete the project.

I express my special thanks to my parents, friends and colleagues, who have been a constant source of help and encouragement.

Date: (Sandeep Singh Parihar)Place

3

CHAPTER- 1

INTRODUCTION(A) RICE: AN INTRODUCTION

Rice (Oryza sat iva ) is one of three most important food crop grown in the

world. India is the largest rice growing country, while Chine is the largest

rice producing country in the world. In India rice accounts more than 40%

of the food grain production. Cultivated rice is an annual grass with round,

hollow and jointed culms, flat leaves and terminal inflorescence (Panicle).

Normally cultivated rice varieties take 110-210 days from germination to

physiological maturity of seed.

Biological classification of Rice

Kingdom: PlantaeDivision: MagnoliophytaClass: LiliopsidaOrder: PoalesFamily: PoaceaeGenus: Oryza

Nutritional Value of rice

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy 370 kcal   1530 kJ

Carbohydrates 79.95 g

- Sugars 0.12 g

- Dietary fibre 1.3 g

Fat 0.66 g

4

Protein 7.13 g

Thiamine (Vit. B1) 0.070 mg 5%

Riboflavin (Vit. B2) 0.049 mg 3%

Niacin (Vit. B3) 1.6 mg 11%

Pantothenic acid (B5) 1.014 mg 20%

Vitamin B6 0.164 mg 13%

Folate (Vit. B9) 8 μg 2%

Calcium 28 mg 3%

Iron 0.80 mg 6%

Magnesium 25 mg 7%

Phosphorus 115 mg 16%

Potassium 115 mg 2%

Zinc 1.09 mg 11%

Manganese 1.088 mg

There are three phases in life cycle of rice

a) Vegetative: most variable and characterise duration of variety

b) Reproductive: panicle formation to flowering (35 days)

c) Ripening: flowering to harvesting (30 days)

d) Climate Requirement

Temperature:: 20-350 C Soil: alluvial, red, laterite or lateritic,

black soil. pH 5-8 Water 900-250 mm

Cropping season in U. P. Kharif (June to October or July to November)

5

Production of rice in 2006 in different countries is as in table

Top paddy rice producers–2006(million metric ton)

 China 182

 India 137

 Indonesia 54

 Bangladesh 40

 Vietnam 36

 Thailand 27

 Myanmar 25

 Pakistan 18

 Philippines 15

 Brazil 13

 Japan 11

World Total 700Source:UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)[9]

6

(B) INTRODUCTION OF COPMANY

I. Profile of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

Dhanuka Group has been actively involved in the service of Indian

farmers for the past 25 years and has been instrumental in providing

crop specific, eco-friendly high quality crop care products such as

Dunet, Caldan, Kasu-B, Sheathmar, Targa Super, Vitavax,® Vitavax®

Power, Omite® etc, through its international collaborations, Recently

the Group has entered into seeds and water soluble fertilizers also.

Dhanuka Group has most modern, state of art manufacturing facilities

in Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Jammu & Kashmir. The

Group R & D Centre, recognized by Ministry of Science and

Technology. Government of India, is engaged in field research

activities and supports in updating the manufacturing facilities, to be

in line with the international trends.

Dhanuka Group puts highly focused efforts to provide Indian farmers,

and understanding of different modern agriculture technologies, to

ensure high quality produce with increased profits, through its techno-

commercial professionals and national marketing network.

Dhanuka is a quality conscious; customer friendly and eco-friendly

group conscious for new molecules.

The group is committed to provide Customer Support Services in the

area of product of safety and disposals.

7

II. Brief history of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

Dhanuka Agritech Limited, a flagship company of Dhanuka Group,

was acquired as sick unit in 1980 with a meager sales turnover of 17

million INR, is today a unit of over 900 million INR.

Dhanuka Pesticides Limited (DPL), was incorporated as a public

Limited Company under Indian Companies Act 1956 in the year 1985;

primarily for manufacture of technical grade pesticides namely

Cypermethrin. DPL entered into technical tie-up with E. i. Dupont De

nemours & Co. Inc., USA. In the year 1992 to formulate, brand and

market on exclusive and all India basis, Methmyl- Brand name Dunet

12.5 L. A 28 year old, nearly dead molecule Methomyl, which to India

third time, and finally through our Group was recognised in the Indian

market. In the first six months Dunet sales was 232 KL and in the

fourth year itself the sales of Dunet touched all time high of 977 KL.

In 1984 Dhanuka Group established a Research & Development unit

named Dhanuka Agriculture Research Centre (DARC), to carry out in

house field research in process development. DARC is recognized by

Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of 1ndia.

In the year 1992 Group acquired another sick unit namely Rajasthan

Insecticides and Fertilizers Co. Pvt. Ltd. (RIFCO), mainly to make dust

formulations. This unit has crossed 10,000 MTs production in the third

year itself.

On the other hand Northern Minerals Limited (NML) joined hands

technically with Uniroyal Chemical Company Inc., U.S.A. in the year

1999 to formulate and market Carboxin (Vitavax 75 WP), Oxycarboxin

(Plantvax 20 EC) and Diflubenzuron (Dimilin 25 WP). We are in

advance negotiation stage forfurther MOUs with few other MNCs.

8

Within 17 years of its existence, the Group has diversified in

Pharmaceuticals Bulk Drugs manufacture activity, Dhanuka

laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (DLPL) is established in 1997 to manufacture

Cephalexin, 7- A.D.C,A. and Simvastatin, Within two years DLPL’s

turnover is 150 million INR and is all for exports. & just two decades

the group has touched a mark of 1500 million INR as Group’s turnover.

Now, Dhanuka Group has completed 25 years. (Silver Jubilee)

III. Products of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

CALDAN 50 SP is an eco friendly effective against Rice Yellow Stem

Borer and Leaf Folder and other chewing and sucking insect-pest of various

crops.

OMITE is a powerful true miticide belonging to an entirely new group

sulphite ester.

SHEATHMAR is a systemic antifungal effective for control of Sheath

Blight of Rice and Black Scruf of Potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani .

SHEATHMAR is highly effective against diseases caused by

Rhizoctonia sp. on certain vegetable crops..

DUNET is a broad spectrum carbamate insecticide with quick knock

down action. DUNET acts as contact and stomach insecticide effectively

controlling  pests with ovicidal, larvicidal & adulticide activity

9

KASU-B is a broad spectrum systemic antibiotic fungicide cum

bactericide effective for control of Rice Blast and also various fungal and

bacterial diseases in vegetables and fruit crops

DHAWA is a new based insecticide, recommended for effective control

of Helicoverpa armigera

DIMILIN is an insect growth regulator for control of insect pests,

particularly belonging to Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera.

HOOK has excellent translocation action. Absorbed by leaves and roots

within four hours, hence later no effect of rain. Safer to wheat crop without

any side effect. No vapour action. Hence no effect on adjoining field of

mustard, pea, sunflower etc. if not directly sprayed on them .

QURIN is an effective post- emergence weedicides for effective control

of broad leaf weeds in soybean.

VITAVAX is a non - mercuric systemic fungicide for use as seed

treatment for control of seed-borne diseases in different crops.

EM-1 is based on Emamectin benzoate, a new generation broad spectrum

larvicide for effective control of Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera &

Plutella xylostella in Cotton and Vegetable crops.

NUKIL is a broad spectrum CHO compound insecticide having quick

killing action effective for control of all pests of Rice, Helopeltis and

sucking insects in Tea, etc.

10

SIXER is a broad spectrum systemic and contact fungicide controlling

various   fungal diseases affecting leaves, stems, flowers, fruits etc .

VITAVAX POWER is a systemic-cum-contact fungicide effective for control of  soil and seed born diseases of large number of crops,

TARGA SUPER is leading post-emergence herbicides for the control of

narrow-leaf weeds in broad leaf crops .

IV. Production Units of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

NORTHERN MINERALS LIMITED: to formulate and market

Carboxin (Vitavax 75 WP), Oxycarboxin (Plantvax 20 EC) and

Diflubenzuron (Dimilin 25 WP).

DHANUKA PESTICIDES LIMITED: for manufacturing of

technical grade pesticides

DHANUKA AGRICULTURE & RESEARCH CENTRE: AN R

& D unit to carry out in-house field research, process development

NORTHERN MINERALS LIMITED, MANDIDEEP, and BHOPAL: to make dust formulations

DHANUKA LABORATORIES LIMITED: diversified in

Pharmaceuticals Bulk Drugs manufacture activity

11

DHANUKA SEEDS: Producer & distributors of certified and high

quality seeds of cereals, vegetables, oil seeds & pulses & fibres.

The Dhanuka Group has an excellent rapport with the farmers at the grass

root level through our experienced staff at 24 Regional Offices spread

throughout the country & is also backed by a strong network of

distributors / dealers.

V. Collaborations of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

Collaboration with

Country Product

M/s.Chemtura Corporation

USA DIMILIN 25 WP, OMITE 57® EC,VITAVAX ® 75 WP, VITAVAX POWER®

Sumitomo Chemical Takeda Agro Co. Ltd.

JAPAN CALDAN 4G, CALDAN 50 SP SHEATHMAR 3L

Hokko Chemical Co. Ltd

JAPAN KASU-B ® SL

Mitsui Chemical Inc. JAPAN NUKIL ® 10 ECNissan Chemical Industries

JAPAN TARGA SUPER

E.I. Dupont USA DUNET, NUSTARFMC Corporation USA AAATANK ® , MARKAR

DANFURANYara International ASA

NORWAY SAMADHAN

VI. Future plans of Dhanuka Develop our own Research and Development.

Set up Seed Testing Laboratory with latest technology .

12

Create strong and modern infrastructure in the production area.

Have overseas partnership with reputed International companies.

Grow out testing facilities .

VII. Vision, mission and objectives of Dhanuka

VISION- Farmers Prosperity Through Dhanuka Excellence.

MISSION- Life Enrichment Through Science.

OBJECTIVE-

Serve the Indian farming community with safer, Eco-friendly and quality Agrochemical.

Support the grower on judicious and right use Technology.

Provide customer support services on usage and environment safety.

Pursue Research and Development growth bulk drugs.

13

CHAPTER-2

NEED OF STUDY

India is agriculture-based country. Agriculture sector alone contributes more than 19% to the GDP and about 70% of the total population of India depends upon this sector. Agriculture sector need to be on boom if the country like India wants to feed its increasing population. Rice is one of three most important food crop grown in the world. To achieve high yield in rice, Indian growers need to be aware about latest development in this sector. Use of improved seed is good mean to achieve high production with quality produce. The seed industry of rice in India going through rapid changes. Unlike in past now there are many varieties of rice with high yield in the market. There is cut throat competition in seed market so this study will help Dhanuka Agritech Limited to knowing the farmer’s behaviour towards the use of hybrid seed of rice and the areas where company can improve sale in Kanpur Dehat. The study will be of great importance for Scientists, Extension officers and company’s sales promotions.

14

CHAPTER-3

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

1. To study rice varieties grown in the district

2. To study companies supplying rice seed.

3. To study the varieties wise price of the seed (Distributors price/dealers price/farmers price)

4. To study the cultivation practice adopted by farmers.

5. To Study yield potential of the varieties and price of produce realized at farmers field

6. To study procurement agencies and quality accepted by farmers.

7. To study major insect/ pest of rice

15

CHAPTER-4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Location of study:

In the present scenario the project is done in Kanpur Dehat

district of Uttar Pradesh.

Data collection:

Primary data and secondary data are used.

Primary data was collected from retailers as well as

farmers. Interview schedule was prepared to collect the

primary data from retailers & farmers.

Secondary data is collected from Extension Deptt. of

C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur and

Agriculture Deptt. Kanpur Mandal.

Sample size:

Total sample size is 115 out of which 5 Distributors, 10

dealers & 100 progressive farmers were taken as sampling

size for the study.

Sampling unit:

Retailers and farmers of Kanpur Dehat were defined as a

sampling unit.

16

Sampling technique:

Convenient sampling was used as a sampling method.

Interview schedule:

Interview schedule of questions related to the awareness

and satisfied of retailers & farmers toward the seeds & also

related to the quantity of rice seed sold by the retailers.

Analytical tool:

Percentage method: It is value showing that out of 100

samples hoe many come under a particular category.

X

% = ----------------------× 100Y

Where as –

X = No. of respondent under particular category

Y = Total no. of respondents

17

CHAPTER-5

ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS

(a) Assumptions of study Respondents will response correctly

Respondents will respondent without biases.

Sample is true representative of population .

(b) Limitations of study

As the study is completed in a short span of 40 days. The

time factor put a limit on the scope at extensiveness of the

study.

Sample size was small (115) therefore sample may not be true

representative of population.

Convenience sampling was used

Respondents may be biased.

Respondent are not well educated so there is no guarantee of

extracting the correct information.

18

CHAPTER- 6

ANALYSIS AND DATA INTERPRETATION

1. Rice acreage in district

Total area of Kanpur Dehat 314984Hac.Total cultivated area 220399Hac (i.e. 69.97 of total area of Kanpur

Dehat)Area under other crops 163977Hac...(74.4%)Area under rice 56422 Hac. (25.6%)

Inference: Out of total cultivated area in Kanpur Dehat on 74% area rice is

grown and on rest of area other crops are grown.

2. Varieties grown in Kanpur Dehat

During study information from varieties was obtained from farmers and

dealer of that area. In Kanpur Dehat most of the varieties grown are as under

19

Distribution of varieties according to farmers growing is as HYBRID VARIETIES

Variety CompanyFarmer price

Dealer price

Distributor price

YieldNo. of Farmers

PHB71 Pioneer 170 165 160 45-55 216444 Pro-Agro 180 170 165 50-55 31JRS-1 Dhanuka 170 155 150 - 0PAC-801 Advanta 175 170 165 45-50 4PAC-832 Advanta 185 175 165 50-55 1KRH-1 Namdhari 180 160 155 45-50 0SRH-5151 Shakti 170 160 155 40-45 16S-201 Spriha 160 150 145 45-50 9S-261 Spriha 170 160 155 45-55 6Pusa RH-10 Spriha 200 185 175 40-45 3Dhanya Dhanya 170 160 150 40-45 1Loknath-50 Nath Seeds 180 175 170 40-45 15017 Syngenta 185 180 175 70-75 0Navaratna Nitya 160 150 145 35-40 09090 Kaveri 160 150 145 35-40 1Durga Ganga Kaveri 170 165 160 40-45 0Total Farmers Growing Hybrid Varieties 94

20

INFERENCE: Out of 94 farmers who were growing hybrid varieties 33% farmers are growing 6444,17% are growing SRH-5151, 225 are growing PHB-71, rest of the farmers are growing other varieties asS=201, S-261.

O.P. VARIETIES

VarietyFarmer price

Dealer price

Distributor price

YieldNo. of Farmers

Kranti 17 15 14 25-30 2

Sarju-52 18 17 16 25-30 0

Mahamaya 16 15 14 22-28 0

Narendra-359 16 15 14 20-25 0

Pant-10 15 14 13 25-30 0

Pant12 16 15 14 20-25 0

Total Farmers Growing O.P.Varieties 2

INFERENCE: Only 2 farmers are growing Kranti variety of O.P. rice

BASMATI VARIETIES

Variety CompanyFarmer price

Dealer price

Distributor price

Yield

No. of Farmers

Pusa Basmati-1

Advanta 90 80 75 25-352

Sugandha-4Rasi Seeds

70 60 55 20-251

Golden Basmati

Shakti 250 235 220 25-351

Total Farmers Growing Basmati Varieties 4

21

Grown Basmati varieties in Area

INFERENCE: Out of 4 farmers who were growing Basmati varieties 2 farmers are growing Pusa Basmati 1,1 is growing Pusa Sugandha4, 1 is growing Golden basmati,

Distribution of varieties according to area is as

Name of farmer

PHB71 6444SRH-5151

S-201 S-261KrantiPusa

Basmati-1

Sugandha-4

Golden

Basmati

Others Total

Amit Tiwari 1 1Depu 1 1

Ram Bahdur 1.5 1.5Shiv Mohan 4 0.5 4.5

Tej Bhan 0.8 0.8Gajendra 1.5 1.5Shambhu 5 5Munnu Pal 16 16Deependra 4 4Dheer pal 6.1 0.5 6.6

Shyam Singh 5 5Vinod Gaur 2.5 2.5Uday Bhan 6 6Vijay Kumar 5.2 5.2

Munna Dubey 9 9Ashok Pal 0.5 150.3 150.8

22

Manoj Singh 4 4Vinay Kumar 0.6 0.6

Santosh 4 4Ram Pal 6.3 1.5 7.8

Raju Kumar 2.5 2.5Hari pal 2.5 2.5

Surendra 4 4Arvind Yadav 2.5 2.5

Mohan Pal 4.5 4.5Indresh Singh 1 1Pawan kumar 4 4Avinesh Yadav 6 6

Vivek Singh 2.5 1.5 4Sunil Shukla 4 4Rahul Yadav 0.8 0.8

Kuldeep Chauhan 1.5 1.5Mukesh 4.5 4.5

Hemant Tiwari 4 4Prashant 2.5 2.5

Mohan Singh 1.5 1.5Shailendra 5.4 5.4

Pankaj 5 5Rakesh Jha 2 2Mahendra 2.5 2.5

Rajesh 6.8 6.8Tarun Singh 5.5 5.5

Manish 4 4Punit 0.9 0.9

Arjun Singh 2 2Gaurav Tripathi 4.5 4.5

Navneet 1.5 1.5Avinesh Kumar 0.5 0.5

Nikhil Singh 1.8 1.8Devesh Pratap 4.5 4.5

Shudhanshu Pal 1.5 1.5Rajendra 9 9

Piyush Pal 5 5Rajneesh Singh 3.5 3.5

Abhishek 2.6 2.6Ram Aasrey 1 1

Jagat Pal 2.5 2.5Dularey 4 4

Narendra Pal 0

23

Ram Nath 6 6Shivnendra 1 1

Awdesh Kumar 3.5 3.5kaushal 1 1

Mahesh kumar 4 4Sushil Singh 2.5 2.5Munesh Pal 3 3

Ram Das Gupta 3 3Ujagar lal 4 4Ganesh 4 4

Ram Kumar 4 4Rakesh Singh 12 12

Surendra rawat 2 2Mangal Singh 5.5 5.5

Kishan Pal 2.5 2.5Ram Bhadur 1.5 1.5

Raj Dev 0Anil Dhorey 9 9

Pappu Dhanuk 3 3Ram Babu 4 4

Ram Snahey 1 1Bhola 2 2

Suresh Yadav 0Ram Dayal 1.8 1.8

Vishnu Katiyar 2.5 2.5Shiv Shankar 4 4Abdul Khan 4 4

Naseem 0Shyam Lal 4.9 4.9

Babu Yadav 6 6Vikash Sachan 1 1

Aneesh 2.5 2.5Ranjeet Singh 8 8

Raj Pal 15 15Ram Dhari 1.5 1.5Jay Kishan 5 5Kumendra 6.5 6.5Birju Pal 0.5 0.5

Sumit Yadav 3 3Babban Pasi 3.5 3.5

Drig pal 2 2

Total 82.2 150 53 37 12 153 3 1 1.5 21 512.8

24

Inference : In Kanpur Dehat area on the basis of sample the distribution of varieties is as in above graph, that 6444 is grown In maximum area.

3. Source of Seed

Information regarding source of seed was obtained from farmers. As 100 farmers were selected as sample, some farmers were growing more than one type of rice as hybrid, basmati, and/ or O.P. Some farmers were growing Basmati rice for only .2 hac area for self consumption only with hybrid or O.P. varieties.

Type Self Purchased

25

of riceProduci

ngFarmers

produced

Exchanged

Govt. UniversityLocal

MarketKanpur Others

Basmati 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0Hybrid 94 1 1 7 72 11 2 0

O.P. 4 3 0 0 1 0 0 0100 6 1 7 73 11 2 0

% 6 1 7 73 11 2 0

Source of seed form where farmer get seed

4. Market size for sale as seed

26

As total area under rice was about 56422 Hac and average seed rate was 20

kg seed for one Ha. area. In 2007-08 market size for rice seed was 1128.440 M

tone

5. Main companies supplying seed of rice

Spriha Bioscience Pvt. Ltd.

Shakti Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

PHI (Pioneer) Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

South Eastern Transgenic Seeds Pvt. Ltd.(Advanta India

Limited)

Syngenta Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

Nitya Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

Kaveri Seeds

Ganga Kaveri Seeds

Dahnuka Agritech Ltd

Proago Pvt. Ltd.

Nam Dhari Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

Nath Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

6. Average yield reported in Kanpur Dehat

During 2007-2008 average yield in Kanpur Dehat was 114747m. Tonne and

average productivity was 20.330q per hac.

7. Procurement Agencies

27

In Kanpur Dehat intermediaries play a vital role in procurement of rice as in last year

73% farmers sold their produce to intermediaries and only 27 % farmers sold their

price to rice mills.

8. Farmers accepted qualities for selection of varieties

Quality High Medium Low Total Milling 3 20 77 100Cooking 79 19 0 100Resistance 91 9 0 100Yield 16 4 0 100Price of seed 86 12 2 100

accepted qualities

3

79

91

16

86

20 19

94

12

77

0 0 0 20

10

2030

40

50

60

7080

90

100

Milling Cooking Resistance Yield Price ofseed

Attributes

Freq

uenc

y

High Medium Low

28

9. Cultivation practise

Sowing For sowing of rice in Kanpur Dehat area farmers usually adopt following methods

Seed Rate Seed rate for rice differs according to the type of rice farmers sowing i.e. O.P., Hybrid or basmati rice

For O.P. Varieties: Fine rice- 30 Kg seed per Hac.Medium rice 35 Kg seed per Hac.Course rice 40 Kg seed per Hac.

For hybrid varieties 14-19 Kg seed per Hac.

For Basmati varieties 22-30 Kg seed per Hac.

Time of sowing

Early Varieties Medium Varieties Late varieties

1-5 June 5-10 June 10-15 June

Area of nursery Area of nursery differs according to the type of rice farmers sowing i.e. O.P., Hybrid or basmati rice. In Kanpur Dehat ratio of nursery to field was found as

Type of rice Area of nursery

Basmati 0.07 Hac, to 0.08 Hac.

Hybrid 0.06 Hac. to 0.07 Hac.

O.P. 0.06 Hac. to 0.07 Hac.

Field preparation After summer 2-3 ploughings were done and 10-15 days before transplanting field was filled with water. In Kanpur Dehat 62% farmers used FYM @12 tone / Hac. before 2 weeks of transplanting . Transplanting Generally in Kanpur Dehat 25 to 30 days old seedling for Hybrid and Basmati varieties and for O.P. varieties 30 to 35 days old seedlings are used for transplanting. Farmers have transplanted their seedling on as under

Early Varieties Medium Varieties Late varieties

29

20-30 June 25 June-5 July 1 July – 10 July

Spacing

Type of rice Spacing

Basmati 25x15 cm2 to 20x10 cm2

Hybrid 15x15 cm2 to 20x15 cm2

O.P. 15x15 cm2

Fertiliser Farmers use chemical fertilisers in the form of Urea, DAP, SSP, MOP and for organic they use FYM. Average fertiliser used by a farmer for crop of rice in this year as (in K.g.)

Type of rice Nitrogen Phosphorus Potash

Basmati 90-100 40 30

Hybrid 150-160 75 60

O.P. 120 60 60

Very few farmers (less than 5 %) used Zinc Sulphate for the

supply of Zinc

Farmer applies full dosage of P and K and the time of field

preparation before transplanting. N was supplied in three

dosages as half of the N was supplied at the time preparation,

one forth of N was supplied at early tillering stage and

remaining one fourth dosage before panicle initiation.

Harvesting In last year farmers harvested their crop as

Early Varieties Medium Varieties Late varieties

90-120 days 120- 145 days 145-160 days

10. Main disease and pest

30

Kanpur Dehat area is not too much affected by any disease and pest.

Disease: Main disease that are usually occur on rice are Blast (Moderately), Bacterial leaf blight (Moderately), Khaira (Rarely),Jhonka(Rarely)

Insect: main insect are Termite(serious), (Cyclotermes obesus)Ghundi (Leptocornis acuta)Grasshopper, (Hieroglyphus banian)leaf folder(Moderately)(Marasmia exigua)

11. Some problems in Kanpur Dehat

In some areas of Kanpur Dehat like in Akbarpur distribution of most

demanded varieties e.g. 6444 is not proper as the result there is

shortage of demanded varieties and farmers have to shift to other

varieties or they have to purchased these varieties on high price

Availability and price of DAP fertiliser is not proper. Some times

farmers have to pat very high price even up to Rs. 750 for per 50 K.g.

Areas near canal or river, their is huge risk of loss due to high rain ad

increase in water level.

Promotions of seed and pesticides companies are done only in some

areas, farmers of interior area are not benefited by these promotions.

31

Many small farmers have not enough money that they can not

purchase high priced hybrid seed and they have to grow their old seed

of O.P. varieties as result yield is low.

32

CHAPTER- 7

RESULTS

In Kanpur Dehat Area Out of 314984Hac area in 24.6% area rice

are grown and in rest of thee area i.e. 74.45 area other crops like

Wheat, Paddy, Maize, Pulses, Oil Seeds, Sugar cane, Potato are

grown.

In Kanpur Dehat area 94 farmers are growing Hybrid varieties, 2 farmers are growing O.P. varieties and 4 farmers are growing basmati varieties. Some farmers are growing more then one varieties in their land.

In Hybrid varieties PHB-71(22%), S-201(10%), SRH-5151(17%) and 6444(33%) are mostly grown.

Most of the O.P. varieties growing farmers are growing Kranti.

Basmati rice growing are growing Pusa Basmati-1(50%), Sugandha-4(25%), Golden Basmati varieties (25%)

94% farmers are purchasing seed from various sources, 6%farmers are using self produced seeds and no one is using exchanged seeds .

Farmers who purchase seed they are purchasing 73% seed from local market, 7% seeds from University, 1% seed from government agencies

Average yield reported in Kanpur Dehat during 2007-2008 average yield in Kanpur Dehat was 114747m. Tonne and average productivity was 20.330q per Ha.

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Last year 73% farmers sold their produce to intermediaries and only 27 % farmers sold their price to rice mills.

Most of the farmers are going for high yield as quality during purchasing seed.

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CHAPTER- 8

SUGGESTIONS Dhanuka should go for aggressive advertisement and wide publicity through

field demonstrations, pump lets, posters, wall paintings and local daily radio

channels as seeing in believing at grower power .

There should meetings with farmers and Gram Pradhans on regularly basis to

make them aware about products, their use and advantages to them and to get

feed back of their product.

Company should develop high yielding varieties because in Kanpur Dehat

area most of the farmers are more concerned about high yield rather then

quality.

Free sample of seed should be give to some farmers so that a part of farmer

can be attracted by company in future.

The company should improve its distribution network because other

companies are focusing more on distribution

Transportation cost that is given return to distributors should be given total

as from company to distributors shop not for only up to Kanpur Railway

station because some distributors and dealers told that only Dhanuka is not

giving full transportation cost rest of the companies is are giving total

transpiration cost.

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There should some relaxation in credit facility given to distributors with

certain time limit

Company should not give too much discount in comparison to distributors to

dealer who directly purchase product from company as it disturb distribution

channel.

To educate farmers regarding modern technical promotional Programme may

be organized in the beginning of crop season.

Cost of the Dhanuka products should be comparatively reduced.

Timely availability of the product in right time and right place.

The company should conduct field trails of seeds in different locations.

The company should provide the dealers/retailers with a wide range of seeds

with good margin.

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CHAPTER- 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

Gupta, S.P. (1997) Statist ical Methods, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi

ICAR, Hand Book of Agriculture(2006)

Agrawal, R.L. (1998) Seed Technology, Oxford and IBH Publication, New Delhi

Kothari, C.R. (1990) Research Methodology (Methods andTechniques), Wishwa Prakashan, New Delhi

Kotler, Phil ip, (2007)Pearson Education Inc. Publishers (Singapore), Marketing Management

Acharya S S and Singh, (2004) Oxford and IBM Publishers, New Delhi, Agriculture marketing in India

Websites:

www.dhanuka.com

www.indiaseeds.com/rice

www.wikipedia.com/rice

www.kanpurdehat.nic. in/agriculture/rice

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CHAPTER- 10APPENDIX

Interview Schedule for farmers1. Name…………………………………………………………..

2. Village………………………………………………………….

3. Block…………………………………………………………….

4. Total cultivated area……………………………………………..

5. Area under rice production

Varieties grown Area

Total

6. Source of seed

Source Reason Distance QuantityFrequency(Please√ mark)

Often Sometimes AlwaysAg. Deptt.UniversitySelf producedMarket :Local market Kanpur Lucknow Delhi OhtersExchangedTotal

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7. Source of information

Village trader/ Neighbour farmer/ Radio-TV/ Personal visit to market/ Visit to farmer fair/ KVK demonstration

8. Is there any promotion of company (Yes/No) if yes thenCompany:Frequency Rare/Not regularly /Always

9. Variety wise price

Varieties grown Price (2008) Price(2007)

10. Yield potential

Varieties grownYield(Q/Ha)

Last year Average of last three years

Total

11.Procurement agency

AgencyVarieties grown

Total

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12. Marketable and marketed surplus

Varieties grown

Production Self consumed

Gift Exchanged

Labour

Sold in market

Farmer Price

Market price

13.Farmer acceptance of quality (Please tick mark)

Quality High Medium Low

Milling

Cooking

Yield

Resistance

Price pf seed

14.Cultivation practice

Practice Time Frequency Rate Total amount

Field preparation

Puddling

Transplanting

Irrigation

Fertilizer

Chemicals

Weeding

15.Major disease and pest

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Disease InsectOccurrence

Sever Mild Rare

16. Other problems

(a) Fertilizer Availability/High price/Poor quality

(b) Chemicals Availability/High price/Poor quality

(c) Seed Availability/High price/Poor quality

(d) Human labour Availability/High price

(e) Machine labour Availability/High price/Poor quality

(f) Irrigation Availability/High price/Poor quality

(g) Market Distant/Not fair price/Too much intermediaries/Delay in auction

(h) Storage Not available//high cost/loss in quantity and quality

(i) Finance Not available/ high interest

(j) Information Not available/Late/Insufficient/Misleading

(k) Seed certification No/only for some varieties/All

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(l) Electricity Not available/Rare/Periodically/Always

(m) Transportation Not available/high cost

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(2)Interview schedule for retailers/distributor1. Firm name………………………………………..2. Owner name………………………………………3. Location…………………………………………..4. Most demanded varieties

a) ………………………….b) ………………………..c) ……………………….d) …………………………e) ………………………….

5. Companies supplying seed

Variety CompanyPrice

Distributor Dealer Farmer

6. Farmers acceptance of quality

Quality High Medium LowMillingCookingYieldResistancePrice of seed

7. Annual Sale

Variety Sale(Rs)

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