93 /93 /

The

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rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

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s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

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is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

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hibi

ted

with

out

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les

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r w

ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Filtrage transverse programmable

• détection + rayonnement sur chaque canal commande d’antenne

• sommation sur une photodiode unique filtrage transverse

coupleur 1 vers N+1

a1

retard t

N retards

photodiodeLaser modulateurMach Zehnder

x(t)

y(t)

coupleur N vers 1

pondération d’amplitude

a2

aN

fréquence

tran

smis

sion

du

filtr

e

94 /94 /

The

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ion

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d in

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ent a

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ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

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r w

ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Time delay generation and analysis

• extension to parallel filtering :• weighting with a spatial light modulator• control of the filter shape and frequency

• optically carried microwave signal

• operation over a 2-18 GHz BW

10 ps time delayed

samples provided by

a diffractive grating

-75

-70

-65

-60

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

5,0E+08 1,5E+09 2,5E+09 3,5E+09

Fr e que nce (Hz )

Am

plit

ud

e (d

Bm

)

95 /95 /

The

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ts a

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e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

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eby

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ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

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herw

ise

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of th

is d

ocum

ent i

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rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

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ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Optical processing of RF signals“slow light” based delay lines

analog optoelectronic link

Laser sourceLaser source

SOA

« slow light » in a semi-conductoroptical amplifier

« slow light » in a non linear optical fiber

photodiode

S(t-)

RF modulation

S(t)

photodiode

S(t-)

dispersive fiber

« slow light » in a photonic crystal membrane

« dispersive » analog optoelectronic link

Laser source

S(t)

tunable laser

RF modulation

Need of variable delay lines for basic processing functions:• beam control of phased array antennas, • programmable filtering• spectral analysis of large BW microwave signals

96 /96 /

The

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ion

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ent a

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ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

gro

up

in

dex

ng

1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620

wavelength (nm)

waveguide dispersion

laser accordable modulateur RF

@ 4GHz

S(t)photodiode

S(t-)

struct. photoniquelaser accordable modulateur RF

@ 4GHz

S(t)

laser accordable modulateur RF

@ 4GHz

S(t)photodiode

S(t-)

photodiode

S(t-)

struct. photonique

()= n ().L / c

n () = 5 for =30 nm

• device length: L = 1 mm

• measured phase shift: 30 deg @4GHz

• corresp. time delay: = 21 ps

tuneable laser RF modulation @ 4 GHz photonic crystal

structure

45

40

35

30

25

20

pro

pag

atio

n d

elay

,

ps

161516101605160015951590wavelength, nm

30

40

50

60

ph

ase shift

, deg

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

gro

up

in

dex

ng

1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620

wavelength (nm)

waveguide dispersion

20 ps

Preliminary demonstration of integrated time delaysphotonic crystal membrane

97 /97 /

The

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rmat

ion

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ent a

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ts a

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e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

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are

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eby

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ied

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iew

, di

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inat

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n, c

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is d

ocum

ent i

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rictly

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hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

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ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

200 ps time delay in 1.5 mm long waveguide

constant RF delay over 0-20 GHz(only limited by testing eq.)

3 nm

~200 ps

Tunable Laser MZM Photodiode

VNA

PhC waveguide

98 /98 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

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ent a

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ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

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are

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eby

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ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

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inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

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herw

ise

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of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

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ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

RF filters based on time delays in photonic crystal membranes

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Frequency (GHz)

RF

po

we

r va

riatio

n (

dB

)

Full tunability

• stability

• contrast

• compactness

of the RF Filter thanks to monolithic integration

Nx1

si(t)

IM

0

1

2

3

Nx1

si(t)

IM

0

1

2

3

PhC

so(t)so(t)

99 /99 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

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ent a

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ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

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eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Coherent Population Oscillations (CPO): Principle

t

Input optical intensity

1/fRF

RF signalInjected current I

MZM SOA

Carriers: Coherent Population Oscillations (CPO)

Gain modulatedin antiphase t

Laser

Only if fRF < 1/s ( GHz)

RF frequency1 GHz

Temporal grating strength

Phase

-180° Gain (antiphase)

-90° Index

100 /100 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

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d in

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ent a

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men

ts a

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e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

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r w

ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Usual architecture based on CPO

SOA

arg(

S21

) P

hase

(°

)|S

21|2

Gai

n (d

B)

Photodetector

VectorNetworkAnalyser

Amplification (CPO not considered)

1 10 100 GHz-10

0

10

20

-180

-90

0

90

180

1 10 100 GHz

Phase

-180° Gain (antiphase)

-90° Index

CPO

1 GHz

Gain (antiphase)

Index

RF frequency

101 /101 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

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ent a

nd a

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ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Limitation of the operation frequency

SOA Photodetector

VectorNetworkAnalyser

Operation frequency < 1GHz

Instantaneous bandwidth < 1GHz

Delays < 400 ps

Phase shift < 50 deg

arg(

S21

) P

hase

(°

)|S

21|2

Gai

n (d

B)

1 10 100 GHz-10

0

10

20

-180

-90

0

90

180

1 10 100 GHz

102 /102 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

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s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

arbitrary,f0>1/s

Tunable delays by Up-CPO in SOAs

• « Usual » CPO : RF gain dip around fCPO<1/s

• Additional modulation sideband at arbitrary high frequency f0

• CPO induced XGM generates signals at f0+/-fCPO

Gain window and associated phase/delay generation in f0+/-fCPO bandwidth

Optical domain

Frequency

carrier

fCPO~1GHzFrequency

Up-CPO

RF phaseat f0+fCPO

and f0-fCPO

RF phase

RF domain

~1GHz

CPO

103 /103 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Tunable delays by Up-CPO in SOAs

5 GHz 16 GHz10 GHz

Linear phase variation over ~0.5GHz bandwidth(at arbitrary central frequency) ~0-400ps delay

• Delay generation : narrowband resonance (gain or absorption) witharbitrary central frequency

104 /104 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

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s do

cum

ent a

nd a

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ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Future ADCs

Take Away – message clé du transparent: Arial 24

EW

SAR

Radar

Com

bandwidth

dynamic range

Courtesy of G. Valley, Aerospace Corp.

105 /105 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

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s do

cum

ent a

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ny a

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men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

RF

LO

IF

short term : sampling on I.F

Filter

nowadays systems : sampling in base band

RF

LO

IFBase band

IF

ADCFilter DSP

longer term : sampling directly on carrier simplification of receive chain

ADCRF

Filter DSP

S/H

ADC DSPS/H

S/H

critical building block

Evolution of EW receive architectures

106 /106 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

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ent a

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ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

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eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Optically assisted ADCs

RF signal to be sampled

ps modelocked laser

high speed (ps) photoconductive switch (e.g LT GaAs)

ADCDatabits

analog-to-digital conversion of a

10 GHz signal with 10 bits

dynamic range requires a clock

with a10 fs jitter

10 fs jitter modelocked laser

see S. Formont et al, session S12 Friday 14:45

107 /107 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

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s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Preliminary realisation of a mode locked laser@ 0.8 µm

• SOA + fiber loop

• P 2mW,

• 8 ps @ frep = 18GHz,

• jitter ~ 47fs

SOA

MZM

RFV

FILTER COUPLER

-160

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000

Frequency Offset (Hz)

Ph

as n

ois

e (d

Bc/

Hz)

MLL additive phase noise at 18GHzRF synthesizer at 18 GHz absolute phase noise

Additive jitter 9 fs

Absolute jitter 46 fs

state-of-the art results for additive jitter @ 0.8 µm.

108 /108 /

The

info

rmat

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e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

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eby

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ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

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trib

utio

n, c

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ng o

r ot

herw

ise

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of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

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ritte

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al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

R&T results (4)

Compactness

MZM

Bragg

SOA

Coupler

30 cm

30 cm

For a more compact configuration:

Need for a more compact optical circulator

Or need for « Transmissive » Chirped Bragg grating @ 800 nm (To avoid the use of an

optical circulator)

Circulator

109 /109 /

The

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rmat

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cont

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ent a

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ts a

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e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

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eby

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any

rev

iew

, di

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inat

ion,

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ng o

r ot

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ise

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of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

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ritte

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al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Pulse to pulse timing jitter (1)

Pulse-to-pulse timing jitter Low jitter ensured by long fibred cavity configuration (class-A dynamics, free of relaxation

oscillations) Phase noise spectra at 4 GHz and 18 GHz repetition frequency

* where f is the signal frequency, S is electrical phase noise and [f1, f2] is integration bandwidth

110 /110 /

The

info

rmat

ion

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ent a

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ts a

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e pr

oper

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f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

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eby

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any

rev

iew

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inat

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ise

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is d

ocum

ent i

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rictly

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hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

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ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

R&T results

Pulse-to-pulse timing jitter Additive jitter as a function of integration bandwidth for pulsed laser @ 4GHz

Jitter can be further decreased:

With a pulsed RF modulation Jitter divided by 3 at 2GHz repetition frequency (integration from 10

Hz to 10 MHz)

Jitter expected to be equal to 25 fs for a 4 GHz repetition frequencypulse (integration from 10 Hz to 10 MHz)

With an optimized configuration based on an opto-electronic oscillator or with a longer cavity for RF phase noise filtering .

Integration bandwidth Additive jitter (fs)[10 Hz-10MHz] 55 [100 Hz-1 MHz] 40[100 Hz-100 kHz] 17

111 /111 /

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info

rmat

ion

cont

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e pr

oper

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f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

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any

rev

iew

, di

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inat

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ise

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is d

ocum

ent i

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rictly

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hibi

ted

with

out

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ritte

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al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

RF spectrum analysis

collaboration with Lab. Aimé Cotton / CNRS

• spectral hole burning based RF spectrum analysis:

• dynamic range: > 45dB

• bandwidth: up to 10 GHz

• resolution: 500 kHz

• acousto-optic based RF spectrum analysis limited to:

• typ. 1 GHz bandwidth

• typ. resolution: 1 MHz

112 /112 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

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d in

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ent a

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ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

113 /113 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

114 /114 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

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of th

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ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

115 /115 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

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of th

is d

ocum

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s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Introduction

Spectrum analysis in E.W is :

• required for signal identification / classification, for goniometry

• largely done today in the digital domain

but

• most of existing syst. are not able to cover the whole 2 - 20 GHz range

1 to few GHz is processed “instantaneously”

processed bandwidth is scanned across the 2-20 GHz range

decreases probability of intercept

• classification requires:

• a frequency resolution < 1MHz

• resolution on the time of arrival <1µs

• large sensitivity and linear dynamic range (typ. > 40 dB)

116 /116 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

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utio

n, c

opyi

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of th

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rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Introduction

Spectrum analysis of 20 GHz with 1MHz resolution and 100% probability of intercept needs:

(time x bandwidth) product > 104

over an 20 GHz instantaneous B.W

potential use of optoelectronic architectures

coherent processing in the RF domain and coherent processing in the optical domain

dual frequency laser or SSB mod.

high speed photodiode

S(t)

S(t-)

fibre (dispersive or not)

photonic crystals

SHB material

dual frequency laser or SSB mod.

high speed photodiode

S(t)

S(t-)

fibre (dispersive or not)

photonic crystals

SHB materialSpectral holography in SHB material

117 /117 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

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s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

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utio

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opyi

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of th

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rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

0.1- 20 GHz

Spectrum analysis application

Spectrum analysis in electronic warfare

Signal identification

Classification

Goniometry…

118 /118 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

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eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

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of th

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rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

0.1- 20 GHz

Spectrum analysis application

Spectrum analysis requires:

large instantaneous bandwidth

high frequency resolution

reconfiguration

large sensitivity and linear dynamic range (typ. > 40 dB)

119 /119 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

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s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

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eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

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of th

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rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

0.1- 20 GHz

Spectrum analysis application

but existing systems, based on wideband ADCs or on super-heterodyne scanning receivers :

have a dynamic range severely limited by spurious

manage high data rates (Tb/s) and high computation levels (10’s of Tflops)

1 to few GHz is processed “instantaneously” (SH)

processed bandwidth is scanned across the 2-20 GHz range probability of intercept << 100 %

H2O HD CO2

WB ADCs

super-heterodyne

120 /120 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

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eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

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utio

n, c

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of th

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ent i

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pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Electro-opticModulator

ProcessingOptical

0.1- 20 GHz

Spectrum analysis application

Laser

?

H2O HD CO2

121 /121 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

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of th

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ent i

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rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Electro-opticModulator

Laser

Rare-earth doped crystal =

frequency angle converter

« Rainbow » spectrum analyser

Crystal

)t(ERF

ν)(E~

θ)(E RFout

ProcessingOptical

122 /122 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Key of the system : Spectral Hole Burning

Rare-Earth Ions doped Crystal : Tm:YAG @T<5K

=793nm

inh > 20GHz bandwidth

h < 150kHz resolution6

3 H

43 H

43 F (10ms)793nm

(0.5ms)

Thulium

123 /123 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Rainbow architecture

Electro-opticmodulator

Signallaser

Rare-earth iondoped crystal

Detector

RF signals

fRF

USBLSB

(i) (ii)

Signal beam (#1)

Diffractedbeams (#2)

Programmingbeams

(#3) (#4)

124 /124 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Crystal programming

Tm3+ doped crystal

Holograms recording :

1 monochromatic grating for each spectral channel

a specific angle is associated to each frequency

gratings life-time : 10ms

gratings have to be refreshed continuously

1

2

Principle of the « rainbow analyzer »

optical frequency

abso

rptio

n

125 /125 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Read-out of the gratings for RF spectrum analysis

polychromatic beam

Angular splitting of the spectral components

Tm3+ doped crystal

Principle of the « rainbow analyzer »

optical frequency

abso

rptio

n

Diffraction of the optically carried RF on the holograms :

frequency resolution given by the spectral holes selectivity, not by Bragg selectivity !

f

USBLSB

126 /126 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Read-out of the gratings for RF spectrum analysis

polychromatic beam

Angular splitting of the spectral components

Tm3+ doped crystal

Principle of the « rainbow analyzer »

optical frequency

abso

rptio

n

Diffraction of the optically carried RF on the holograms :

frequency resolution given by the spectral holes selectivity, not by Bragg selectivity !

f

USBLSB

127 /127 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Rainbow architecture

Electro-opticmodulator

Signallaser

Rare-earth iondoped crystal

Detector

RF signals

fRF

USBLSB

(i) (ii)

Signal beam (#1)

Diffractedbeams (#2)

Programmingbeams

(#3) (#4)

(iii)

Programmingbeam (#4)

Programmingbeam (#3)Diffracted

beams (#2)

Signal beam(#1)

128 /128 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

simultaneous spectrum analysis and grating recording

100% probability of intercept

3D configuration

Programming beams(#3 et #4)

RF signal

Signal beam (#3)

Diffracted beams (#2)

Crystal

129 /129 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

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ise

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of th

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ent i

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rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

3D configuration

Programming beams(#3 et #4)

RF signal

Signal beam (#3)

Diffracted beams (#2)

Crystal

simultaneous spectrum analysis and grating recording

100% probability of intercept

130 /130 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

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of th

is d

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ent i

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rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

3D configuration

• simultaneous spectrum analysis and grating recording

100% probability of intercept

• 1 photodetector 1 RF channel with enveloppe

detection

131 /131 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

n ap

prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

Preliminary demonstration

bandwidth: 3.3 GHz number of channels : 100

L. Ménager et al., Opt. Lett. 26, 1245, 2001

V. Lavielle et al., Opt. Lett. 28, 384, 2003

AO for angular sweep of one of the chirped engraving beams

1D CCD array

205 mrad

3.3 GHz

132 /132 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

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ise

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of th

is d

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ent i

s st

rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

205 mrad

3.3 GHz

1D CCD arraySingle external

cavity laser

Helium bathcryostat Acousto-optics

deflectors

L. Ménager et al., Opt. Lett. 26, 1245, 2001V. Lavielle et al., Opt. Lett. 28, 384, 2003

Preliminary demonstration (CNRS-LAC)

bandwidth: 3.3 GHz number of channels : 100

European Space Agency (ESA) funding

133 /133 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

You

are

her

eby

notif

ied

that

any

rev

iew

, di

ssem

inat

ion,

dis

trib

utio

n, c

opyi

ng o

r ot

herw

ise

use

of th

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ent i

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rictly

pro

hibi

ted

with

out

Tha

les

prio

r w

ritte

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prov

al. ©

TH

ALE

S 2

011.

Tem

plat

e tr

tp v

ersi

on 7

.0.8

1D CCD arraySingle external

cavity laser

Helium bathcryostat Acousto-optics

deflectors

L. Ménager et al., Opt. Lett. 26, 1245, 2001V. Lavielle et al., Opt. Lett. 28, 384, 2003

Engraving Read out

Time (µs)

Lase

r fr

eque

ncy

(a.u

.)

Preliminary demonstration (CNRS-LAC)

bandwidth: 3.3 GHz number of channels : 100 refresh time : 1 ms No RF signals analysis PI 50 %

134 /134 /

The

info

rmat

ion

cont

aine

d in

thi

s do

cum

ent a

nd a

ny a

ttach

men

ts a

re th

e pr

oper

ty o

f TH

ALE

S.

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are

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eby

notif

ied

that

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rev

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, di

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inat

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frequency

Potential zoom effect

fully programmable resolution according to the combined:

• the reolution of the scanning of the laser wavelength

• the recording angles

SHB crystal

135 /135 /

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TH

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« Rainbow » analyser : performances

demonstrated performances:• probability of intercept: 100%• bandwidth: 10 GHz• temporal resolution : 10 µs• number of channels: 200• dynamic range: 30 dB

targeted performances :• transportable demonstrator• volume < 50 L• test on real radar signals• bandwidth: 20 GHz• channels: >400• temporal resolution 1 µs• dynamic range: 50 dB

plaque froide à 4.K

enceinte à 50K

support de lentilles

cristal Tm3+:YAG

4.K cold plate

50K chamber

lenses mounting support

Tm3+:YAG crystal

xy

z

136 /136 /

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New challenges

Single externalcavity laser

Helium bathcryostat

Acousto-opticsdeflectors

Mechanical resonantdeflector

Closed-cyclecryostat Maturity

InstantaneousBandwidth

Probabilityof Interception 100%

Numberof channels

Engraving laserDFB tunable over 20 GHz

Engraving laserDFB tunable over 20 GHz

Read-out laserExternal cavity laser

Read-out laserExternal cavity laser

Temporalresolution

camera High-speed camera

137 /137 /

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rmat

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men

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ty o

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any

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Demonstration: set-up

AngularscanP

rogr

amm

ing

bloc

k

DetectionNumerical

processing and display

Cryostat

modulator

Signal laser (stabilized on

programming laser)

RF signals

Syn

chro

nisa

tion

Signal block

Detection block

#3

#4#1

#2

Programming laser (frequency scanning -

stabilized)

138 /138 /

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Analysis of complex signals spectrum

AWGBW 125 MHzComplex form

Generator(0-20 GHz)

up-converter

Generator (VCO) 0-20 GHz(frequency can be swept over 2GHz in 10ms)

Combiner3dB

Generator (0-20 GHz)Frequency steps

Pulsed

switch

Rainbow analyser

139 /139 /

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Experimental results

Spe

ctru

m #

100

200

300

400

500

600800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Pixels

Frequency (GHz)0 4 8 12 16 20

20

30

40

50

60

10

Tim

e (ms)

0

20 GHz / 400 channels / 10 kHz refresh rate

140 /140 /

The

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800 1000

Pixels

0 4Frequency (GHz)

Spe

ctru

m #

100

50

10

Tim

e (ms)

5

Experimental results

20 GHz / 400 channels / 10 kHz refresh rate, zoom

141 /141 /

The

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ALE

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plat

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Experimental results

Spe

ctru

m #

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800Pixels

100

200

300

400

500

600

20

30

40

50

60

10

0

Frequency (GHz)T

ime (m

s)

0 1 2 3 4 5

5 GHz / 400 channels / 10 kHz refresh rate

142 /142 /

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info

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011.

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Spe

ctru

m #

1600 1800

Pixels

100 10

0

Frequency (GHz)

Tim

e (ms)

4 5

Experimental results

5 GHz / 400 channels / 10 kHz refresh rate, zoom

143 /143 /

The

info

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TH

ALE

S 2

011.

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plat

e tr

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Conclusion - Perspectives

to provide current performances of microwave photonics components, in

packaged modules compliant with the system constraints

(compactness, robustness, reliability and cost, airborne and space qualification)

• to spread out optoelectronics into radars systems

to increase performances of microwave photonic components

(bandwidth, efficiency, noise figure, linearity)

• to match the requirements of airborne applications

to develop more complex functions and subsystems taking advantage of

uniques features of optoelectronic architectures

(e.g OEOs, photonic ADCs, programmable filters,..)

• to provide additional functionalities to radars systems to climb the value chain

acknowledged partial support: